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APPLICATION OF PHYTOREMEDIATION FOR HERBAL MEDICINE WASTE AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION

*Danny Soetrisnanto  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, Indonesia
Marcelinus Christwardana  -  Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Laboratory of Bioprocess, Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro, Indonesia
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto  -  Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, Indonesia

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Abstract

Herbal industry in Indonesia is progressing very rapidly. Increasing number of herbal medicine
industries lead to an increase of the waste which are normally processed in anaerobic ponds by using
chemical and biological process. However this process are not economical feasible and therefore an
alternative method by using natural resource is required. Phytoremediation is an environmental
friendly method to reduce contaminant using aquatic plant. This method uses water plant to reduce
COD and nutrients content in the waste. Since the waste still high content of nutrient, therefore it is
potential for medium growth of algae Spirulina. This study was aimed to evaluate the use of various
plant species (water hyacinth and lotus) in decreasing contaminant and to determine optimal nutrient
composition of the growth media. The phytoremediation was performed in 3-8 days and height of
liquid in the tank was maintained constant at 5 cm. The effluent of first phytoremediation was
transferred to second stage for cultivation of Spirulina with 15 days of cultivation time. The external
nutrients were added each 2 days and the concentration of biomass was measured for its optical
density. Spirulina grow well in herbal medicine waste that has been phytoremediation with lotus for 3
days and had a CNP ratio amounted to 57.790 : 9.281 : 1 with a growth rate of 0.271/day.

 

Industri obat di Indonesia tumbuh sangat cepat. Pertumbuhan ini
mengakibatkan meningkatnya limbah yang umumnya dilakukan dalam kolam anaerobik dengan
menggunakan proses kimia dan biologi. Namun demikian, proses tersebut belum menunjukkan hasil
ekonomis sehingga diperlukan metode lain yang relatif aman dan ekonomis. Salah satu cara yang
dapat digunakan adalah phytoremediasi mengguanakn tanaman air untuk mengurangi kandungan
COD dalam limbah dan nutrient. Dikarenakan limbah masih mengandung nutrient yang cukup banyak,
maka limbah tersebut juga sangat potensial untuk digunakan sebagai medium mikroalga. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tanaman air (enceng gondok dan teratai) untuk
mereduksi kontaminan dalam limbah obat jamu. Phytoremediasi dilakukan selama 4-8 hari dan tinggi
cairan dalam reaktor dijaga pada 5 cm. Keluaran dari phytoremediasi pertama menggunakan
tanaman air digunakan sebagai medium di phytoremediasi menggunakan mikroalga Spirulina. Untuk
mendapakan pertumbuhan yang optimum, maka ditambahakan juga nutrient dan menunjukkan bahwa
Spirulina tumbuh dengan sangat baik dalam medium ini. Pertumbuhan terbaik diperoleh dari
phytoremediasi menggunakan teratai selama 3 hari dan kecepatan pertumbuhan 0,271/hari dengan
perbandingan C:N:P = 57,790:9,28:1.

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Keywords: biomass; herbal medicine waste; phytoremediation; spirulina; water plants

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