Rancang Bangun Oven Roti Elektrik Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Uno Dan Sensor Thermocouple Dengan Metode PID

Abstract

In the food processing industry, particularly in bread production, ovens play a crucial role in achieving the desired product quality. The bread-baking process requires accurate and stable temperature control to ensure that the bread is baked evenly, cooked thoroughly, and possesses the intended texture. However, manual operation of an oven often leads to significant temperature fluctuations, which can compromise product quality and consistency. This study implements an Arduino Uno-based temperature control system for an automatic bread oven, utilizing a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control method. The PID method was selected for its ability to provide a rapid response, thereby ensuring a stable temperature. The system employs a heating element as an actuator and a thermocouple as a feedback sensor. Experimental results yielded PID parameters of Kp=0.5, Ki=3.8, and Kd=10. The system achieved the target set point of 150°C in 451 seconds (7 minutes and 31 seconds). The data indicates that temperature changes occur in a stable manner. Furthermore, once the system reaches the set point, the dimmer output decreases, though it does not shut off completely.