DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.13.1.%25p

Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) using Spatial Model: A Case from Labuan Bajo, Indonesia

*Ardiyanto Maksimilianus Gai orcid scopus  -  Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Jl. Bendungan Sigura-gura 02, Malang, Indonesia
Ernan Rustiadi  -  Division of Regional Development Planning, Department of Soil and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Indonesia, Indonesia
Baba Barus  -  Division of Remote Sensing and Spatial Information, Department of Soil and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Indonesia, Indonesia
Akhmad Fauzi  -  Department of Resource and Environmental Economics and Management, IPB University, Indonesia, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

Despite its economic potential, Indonesia's rapidly developing tourism hub faces socio-economic disparities. While tourism contributes significantly to local incomes, many communities struggle with poverty, unequal access to resources, and environmental degradation. Labuan Bajo, located in West Manggarai Regency, is characterized by diverse topography, ranging from coastal areas to upland rural settlements. The region is heavily dependent on tourism, fishing, and small-scale agriculture. However, challenges such as seasonal water scarcity, limited infrastructure, and land-use conflicts threaten sustainable development. While some areas benefit from tourism-driven economic growth, others remain marginalized due to inadequate access to capital assets. Understanding these spatial differences is crucial for designing equitable and sustainable livelihood strategies. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) provides a framework for understanding how local assets - human, social, natural, financial, and physical - interact to shape livelihood outcomes. However, livelihoods are spatially heterogeneous and require localized analysis to inform targeted interventions. By integrating Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), this study aims to identify spatial disparities in livelihood sustainability and identify key drivers of economic resilience in different areas of Labuan Bajo. The results provide spatially explicit evidence on livelihood assets and poverty clusters, highlighting resource distribution and gaps in Labuan Bajo. Supporting local governments and communities is needed in designing targeted interventions for employment access, infrastructure provision, financial inclusion, and essential services.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext |  Research Instrument
Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) using Spatial Model: A case from Labuan Bajo, Indonesia
Subject
Type Research Instrument
  Download (B)    Indexing metadata
Email colleagues
Keywords: Sustainable Livelihood Approach, Poverty, GIS, Labuan Bako

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research
Language : EN
Most cited articles
SLUM REVITALIZING PLAN OF BAGHDADIYAH BY SPATIAL RE-MODELING CONFIGURATION SPATIAL VARIETY AND DISTRIBUTION OF TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN SURAKARTA AS POTENTIAL FACTORS IN IMPROVING SPATIAL-BASED MANAGEMENT MODEL OF CLIMATE AND LAND-USE CHANGES IMPACT ON WATER SECURITY IN AMBON CITY, INDONESIA A GIS-BASED TSUNAMI EVACUATION MODEL CONSIDERING LAND COVER AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATION (CASE OF PURWOREJO REGENCY, INDONESIA) SPATIAL EXPLICIT MODELING TO UNDERSTAND THE DYNAMICS OF LANDUSE SWITCH USING OPEN SOURCE SATELLITE DATA More cited articles
  1. Akamani, K. (n.d.). A Community Resilience Model for Understanding and Assessing the Sustainability of Forest-Dependent Communities
  2. Anselin, L. (1995). Local Indicators of Spatial Association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x
  3. Ashley, C., & Haysom, G. (2006). From philanthropy to a different way of doing business: Strategies and challenges in integrating pro-poor approaches into tourism business. Development Southern Africa, 23(2), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/03768350600707553
  4. Brunsdon, C., Fotheringham, A. S., & Charlton, M. E. (1996). Geographically Weighted Regression: A Method for Exploring Spatial Nonstationarity. Geographical Analysis, 28(4), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1996.tb00936.x
  5. Brunsdon, C., Fotheringham, S., & Charlton, M. (n.d.). Geographically Weighted Regression as a Statistical Model
  6. Brusdon, C. (n.d.). GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION
  7. Dp296. (n.d.)
  8. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Dwyer, W. (2020). Tourism Economics and Policy (2nd ed.). Channel View Publications. https://doi.org/10.21832/DWYER7314
  9. Gai, A., Ernan, R., Fauzi, A., Barus, B., & Putra, D. (2025). Poverty Reduction Through Adaptive Social Protection and Spatial Poverty Model in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia’s National Strategic Tourism Areas. Sustainability, 17(2), 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020555
  10. Gai, A. M., Witjaksono, A., Sai, S. S., Kurniawati, L., Maulida, R. R., Jenahu, G. R., Levigo, V., & Rasyid, A. (2024). SUITABILITY OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY TO SPATIAL POVERTY BASED ON THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD APPROACH IN LABUAN BAJO, WEST MANGGARAI DISTRICT
  11. Hill, H. (2021). What’s Happened to Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia over Half a Century? Asian Development Review, 38(1), 68–97. https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00158
  12. Hudalah, D., Winarso, H., & Woltjer, J. (n.d.). Peri-urbanisation in East Asia
  13. Indrawati, S. M., Anas, T., Ananda, C. F., & Zen, F. (n.d.). Infrastructure for Inclusive Economic Development Volume 1: Lessons Learnt from Indonesia. 1
  14. Jenkins, J. M., Hall, C. M., & Mkono, M. (2014). Tourism and Public Policy. In A. A. Lew, C. M. Hall, & A. M. Williams (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Tourism (1st ed., pp. 542–555). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118474648.ch43
  15. Judika Juniarta Nainggolan, Maringan Sinambela, Martua Sihaloho, Liyus Waruwu, & Harisan Boni Firmando. (2024). Upaya Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Gabe di Desa Sipan Kecamatan Sarudik Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan, 2(6), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.62383/risoma.v2i6.384
  16. Khandker, S. R. (2005). Microfinance and Poverty: Evidence Using Panel Data from Bangladesh. The World Bank Economic Review, 19(2), 263–286. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhi008
  17. Lu, B., Charlton, M., Harris, P., & Fotheringham, A. S. (2014). Geographically weighted regression with a non-Euclidean distance metric: A case study using hedonic house price data. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 28(4), 660–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2013.865739
  18. Martinez, R. G., & Cooray, M. (2025). Enhancing Poverty Targeting with Spatial Machine Learning: An application to Indonesia (No. arXiv:2503.04300). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.04300
  19. Muhammad, W. (2022). Stakeholder Management in Public Sector Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management. https://doi.org/10.32738/JEPPM-2022-0017
  20. Ord, J. K., & Getis, A. (1995). Local Spatial Autocorrelation Statistics: Distributional Issues and an Application. Geographical Analysis, 27(4), 286–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x
  21. Pramono, G. (2018). Availability of Infrastructure for Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: Spatial Panel Data Analysis. 64(2)
  22. Rahmawati, S., Kuncoro, M., Sading, Y., Lutfi, M., Jaya, A. H., & Fahlevi, M. (2024). The impact of poverty, malnutrition, and household income on human development in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: A panel data analysis. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(13), 7854. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd7854
  23. Roitman, S., & Rukmana, D. (2022). Routledge Handbook of Urban Indonesia (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003318170
  24. Scoones, I. (n.d.). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Framework for Analysis
  25. Scoones, I. (2015). Sustainable livelihoods and rural development. Practical Action Publishing
  26. Singgalen, Y. A., Sasongko, G., & Wiloso, P. G. (2020). SOCIAL CAPITAL AND LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION: TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A REMOTE AREA OF NORTH HALMAHERA, INDONESIA. Jurnal Kawistara, 9(3), 286. https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.34627
  27. Surtiari, G. A. K., Wannewitz, M., Prasetyoputra, P., Hadumaon Siagian, T., & Garschagen, M. (2024). Indonesia’s social protection system: The relevance of informal social protection to strengthen adaptation to climate change. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 21(1), 2375995. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2024.2375995
  28. Suryahadi, A., Hadiwidjaja, G., & Sumarto, S. (2012). Economic growth and poverty reduction in Indonesia before and after the asian financial crisis. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 48(2), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2012.694155
  29. Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. (n.d.)
  30. Thaariq, R. M. (n.d.). PRAKARSA Working Paper No. 0
  31. Wiweka, K. (n.d.). The Desa Wisata Terpadu, an Indonesian model of sustainable rural tourism development?: The study case of Central Java & Yogyakarta

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2026-05-29 15:28:02

No citation recorded.