Turbidity Measurement Using An Optical Tomography System

Sallehuddin Bin Ibrahim

doi:10.12777/ijse.5.2.66-72

Turbidity Measurement Using An Optical Tomography System

Sallehuddin Bin Ibrahim

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12777/ijse.5.2.66-72

Abstract

Turbidity is used to describe water quality and it can be caused by the presence of suspended particles and organic matter such as algae, clay and silt. The measurement of turbidity level of water is vital to domestic water supplies since it is related to public health and water treatment process. This paper presents an investigation on an optical tomography system to estimate the turbidity level in a sample of water. The optical sensors consist of infrared light-emitting diodes (LED) as transmitters and photodiodes as the receivers where the projections of the sensors are designed in fan beam mode. The system was tested using a vertical flow pipe. The Independent Component Analysis (ICA) method was used to display the concentration profile. Results obtained proved that the technique can provide the concentration profile representing the turbidity level of water.

Keywords

ICA; optic; process; tomography; turbidity

Full Text:

FULL TEXT PDF

References

Hyvärinen A. (1999) Fast and Robust Fixed-Point Algorithms for Independent Component Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 10(3):626-634;

http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/ahyvarin/papers/TNN99new.pdf

Ibrahim, S. (2002), Investigation on Optical Fibre Configurations for Process Tomography, Jurnal Teknologi, 36(D): 35–46;

http://eprints.utm.my/1393/1/JT36D3.pdf

Kerr, S. J. (1995) Silt, Turbidity and Suspended Sediments in the Aquatic Environment: An Annotated Bibliography and Literature Review, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southern Region Science & Technology Transfer Unit Technical Report TR-008, Ontario, Canada;

http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/groups/lr/@mnr/@letsfish/documents/document/228131.pdf

Mohd Khairi, M. T., Ibrahim, S., Md Yunus, M. A., Mohd Sulaiman, M. N. (2013). Optical Tomography Sensor Configuration for Estimating the Turbidity Level of Water. Proceedings of the International Graduate Conference Engineering, Science and Humanities, Apr. 16–17, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.

Omar, A.F. and Mat Jafri, M.Z. (2009). Turbidimeter Design and Analysis: A Review on Optical Fiber Sensors for the Measurement of Water Turbidity. Sensors, 9(10): 8311-8335;

http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/10/8311

Schwarz A. (1996). Multi-tomographic Flame Analysis With a Schlieren Apparatus, Measurement Science and Tecnology, 7: 406;

http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-0233/7/3/023

Seynaeve, P.C. and Broos J.I. (1995). The History of Tomography. Journal Belge de Radiologie., 78: 284-288;

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8550391

Wang, G., Ding, Q. and Hou, Z. (2008). Independent Component Analysis and Its Applications in Signal Processing for Analytical Chemistry. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 27: 368-376;

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993608000101

Wilde, F. D. and Gibs, J. (1998). Turbidity, U.S. Geological Survey TWR1 Book 9, No. 4;

http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/Chapter6/Section6.7.pdf

Published by Department of Chemical Engineering University of Diponegoro Semarang