Traditional Forests Create Government Ecology in Jambi Province

The purpose of this study is to analyze how big the role of the government and society is in realizing the Governance Ecology in Jambi Province, and the traditional forest management system. The focus of this research is on Jambi Province, one of the areas rich in forests and forest utilization that supports the economy of the people in Jambi Province. This study used a qualitative descriptive method and data sources were obtained through online media, data and journals related to research and data analysis using the NVivo 12 plus data processing application, which is a qualitative document analysis tool with the help of a computer device. Which is easy to use and can process words and word frequency algorithms, attributes, cases from big data, produce categories of factors or sub-factors in application, and journalistic research related to research topics. The research results show that the government's role is more dominant in realizing ecological governance in Jambi Province, namely by improving and developing performance, institutions and human resources, increasing forest productivity and destroying industrial raw materials for processing forest products, producing forest development plans based on community empowerment, Forms of community cooperation in traditional forest management by way of supervision in protecting the forest.


Introduction
Jambi Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is rich in forests.The forest area is decreasing due to forest destruction and forest conservation for other uses.Forest damage reached 40% of the 2.2 million hectares of forest in Jambi Province (Astarika, 2017).Critical land due to deforestation in Jambi Province, which reaches 1.1 million hectares, must be saved.In addition, forest and land fires in Jambi Province occur almost every year; areas where fires can occur during the dry season, the most burned land, is peatland, the majority of which occur in concession areas of oil palm plantation companies and industrial forest plantations (Sahat & Manalu, 2021).
Protected forests and peatlands, forest conversion, and forest clearing in this way are easier than non-destructive methods (Bahrudin et al., 2021).In addition, fires are supported by global warming; extreme droughts are often associated with climatic influences that provide ideal conditions for forest fires.Therefore, the Government in Jambi Province, in responding to various problems in forest destruction by going through traditional forests, overcomes these problems.Traditional woods were formed to protect forests, animals, rivers, and settlements (Bahri, 2018).A customary forest is an area that is specifically protected and must not be disturbed or damaged.Its use is prohibited and limited by very strict rules (Mukhtar et al., 2020).
This follows environmental law principles with nature conservation in Islam, which protects flora (plants and plants), fauna (animals), air, and soil.Customary law, especially in Jambi Province, has offered a framework for approaching the environment (Budi et al., 2021).In the end, customary law regarding life is awakened in the form of believers' awareness to realize that life's problems cannot be separated from the responsibility of humans who believe and carry out their mandate.Environmental conservation in traditional forests also includes soil and air.The compatibility and harmony of customary law and Islamic law regarding the environment contained in traditional woods is a form of integration that can be a solution for environmental conservation based on indigenous local wisdom and religious values (Hidayat, 2019).
Basically customary forest applies the principle of balance.However, in its implementation, people in Jambi Province still prioritize and prioritize prohibition rules so they are not violated (Prasetyoko et al., 2020).It is proven that currently the people in Jambi Province still prioritize and prioritize prohibition rules so that they are not violated.However, now this forest has begun to be exploited by illegal gold/box mining in Jambi Province which continues (Purnomo et al., 2021).Even the land the miners worked on was no longer visible to whom it belonged.Indigenous forests are subject to illegal mining.Based on the background above, the problem in this research is customary forests that form the governance ecology in Jambi Province (Yusuf & Syafrial, 2019).

Environment
The environment is the unity of space with all objects, forces, circumstances, and living things, including humans and their behavior, which affect nature, the survival and well-being of humans, and other living things (Emissions et al., 2019).What is meant by environmental management is that environmental protection and management is a systematic and integrated effort carried out to preserve environmental functions and prevent pollution and or ecological damage, which includes planning, utilization, control, maintenance, supervision, and law (Purwanto et al., 2020).
Environmental management carried out with the principle of state responsibility, the focus on sustainability, and the direction of benefit aims to realize sustainable development that is environmentally sound in the context of fully Indonesian human development and the development of Indonesian society as a whole (Asmin et al., 2019).In carrying out environmental protection and management, a principle is needed.In Law Number 32 of 2009, Article 2 concerning Principles, Objectives, and Scope reads, "State responsibility, sustainability, sustainability, harmony and balance, integration, benefits, prudence, justice, ecoregion, biodiversity, polluter pays, participation, local wisdom, good governance, and regional autonomy" (Lestari et al., 2019).The social environment is an area or place where social interaction occurs between various groups, along with traditions, characteristics, and norms related to the natural environment and the artificial environment (Anwar & Sari, 2021).The artificial environment is everything humans intentionally or unintentionally make to meet their needs, such as dams, factories, houses, rice fields, ponds, plantations, reforestation, power plants, and others (Hapsoro et al., 2020).Human life cannot be separated from the natural and social environments; humans need air to breathe from the surrounding environment, and eating, drinking, and maintaining health requires the environment (Cambah, 2022).The environment is everything around humans that affect the development of human life either directly or indirectly.While the environment is a natural condition and its contents that influence each other, the PPLH Law no.32 of 2009 defines the environment as a space with its contents including objects, power, circumstances, and living things such as humans and their behavior that influence each other (Nursalim et al., 2021).Therefore, based on the explanation above, researchers are interested in studying and analyzing how big the role of the government and society is in realizing the Ecology of Governance in Jambi Province.

Government Ecology
Etymologically, Government comes from two words, namely ecology and Government.Ecology, or the science of the environment, grows and develops from biology, which describes the reciprocal relationship between living things and the surrounding environment, including the ability to adapt to environmental changes (Yacob et al., 2019).In biology, known as natural selection, the only living things that can survive ecological changes are healthy and adaptable.This view is horrendous because it contradicts the argument developed by religious leaders through the spread of their holy book (Sundawati et al., 2020).The theory of natural selection explains that small and weak animals will become food for larger and stronger animals, and so on until more intelligent animals prey on animals with lower intellectual levels (Yuwati et al., 2021).
Humans are the most intelligent animals and tend to eat everything.Humans are zoo politicians or political animals (Biswal, 2021).Ecology as a study and Government as well as a science (knowledge) and a skill (know-how); a definition of government ecology can be made which is a combination of ecological studies and government science.Government Ecology is a scientific study of the interrelationships between a living organization and its internal and external environment, aiming to obtain a correct knowledge of the components involved, their processes, and their impact on human life (Kozmenko et al., 2011).Government Ecology is a combination of ecological studies with Government science, with the consequence that various concepts, laws, and theories from each science are borrowed or used to explain environmental phenomena and events in the Government sector (Mishenin et al., 2018).
Government Ecology is a reciprocal relationship between the Government as an organism and the surrounding environment, both internal and external.In the internal environment of the Government system, there are subsystems and subsystems which, in their implementation, significantly influence the running of the Government as a system (van Hulst et al., 2020).On the other hand, from an ecological point of view, Government is a form of the environmental body of knowledge applied in the government sector.Because in addition to the field of Government, ecology also discusses certain areas in the political field (Collado & Abubo, 2021).The study in the field of political ecology is very close to the study of government ecology because the history of the emergence of government science comes from political science (Rini & Yulianto, 2021).Thus, it is redundant if the Government borrows many definitional concepts derived from the study of political ecology in discussing the study of ecology (Milano E).

Research methods
This type of research is qualitative.This study seeks to understand and interpret the meaning of an event of human behavior interaction in certain situations according to the researcher's perspective.This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by looking at traditional forests creating government ecology in Jambi Province and sources of data obtained through online media, data, and related journals (Sundari, 2022).The analysis software in this study uses Nvivo 12 plus.Nvivo 12 plus as a qualitative analysis tool (Sundari et al., 2022).The qualitative approach provides exploration and description of efforts to deal with forest fires in Indonesia and also analyzes traditional forests that can create governance ecology in Jambi Province so that the results of this study can determine the role and contribution of each actor in the problem (Purnomo, Zahra, et al., 2021).make it easier for researchers; the social media data is processed on the Nvivo 12 Plus analysis device to display data which the researcher then narrates.

Community and Government Cooperate in Creating Ecology Government
The Jambi Provincial Government collaborated with the Community to realize government ecology by awakening the strength of local culture in the people of Jambi Province (Bahri, 2018).Developing Jambi's traditional forests in the international arena reminds us of the need for system steps in conventional forest management.As well as giving attention and a place to the Community in the governance of community mutual assistance in realizing the Ecology of Governance in Jambi Province (Johannes et al., 2022).Socio-cultural matters that need to be considered by the Government and the Community for implementing the socio-cultural conditions of the people of Jambi Province.The success of the collaboration process between the Community and the Government is to utilize natural forest resources well and to disseminate information to the Community for the use of customary forests and environmental conservation of typical forests and the development of ecotourism in everyday forest areas in Jambi Province (Arsento et al., 2022).Figure 1 shows that the government's role is more dominant in realizing ecological governance in Jambi Province where the Government, especially the Environmental Service, has collaborated with policies that are carried out with processes that are carefully designed taking into account the conditions of Indigenous Forests.This potential lies in customary forests and existing constraints (Purnomo et al., 2020).Government and community programs to realize government ecology in Jambi Province (Ansell & Gash, 2018).The success of the collaboration process between the Community and the Government is to utilize natural forest resources properly and disseminate information to the Community for the use of customary forests for environmental preservation of typical forests and the development of ecotourism development plans in Customary Forest Areas (Harizon et al., 2020).
Figure 2 explaining government and community programs in the use of customary forests, community cooperation in maintaining typical forests by utilizing existing forest resources in Jambi province by developing ecotourism in customary forests: (1) Calculation of carbon stock is carried out by everyday forest management groups and KKI Warsi to support REDD+.Reduction of Emissions From Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)+ is a mechanism for reducing deforestation and forest destruction, (2) Forest and Land Rehabilitation (RHL) is an effort to maintain and improve forest and land functions to maintain their carrying capacity, productivity, and role in supporting life support systems, (3) People's Nurseries to provide seeds of woody plants or multipurpose plants to improve the welfare of the community and at the same time support the restoration of the water's function and carrying capacity, (4) Ecotourism.This group manages to manufacture rare plants and animals for tourists and foreign countries as ecotourism objects.In addition, several rivers and waterfalls are beautiful and no less interesting, (5) Tour packages that local and foreign tourists can enjoy with a choice of several natural tourist destinations and historical sites, which are they were summarized into several choices, (6) Foster trees are tree data collection near the stop hut with a diameter of 80 up and identification for trees, and this program aims to sell trees online without having to cut them down (Azhar et al., 2016).

Socio-Economic Conditions of the Community Before and After Establishment of Forests and Protection of Customary Forests
The results of the discussion and research from the socio-economic perspective of the community before the establishment of Customary Forests in Jambi Province were viewed from the socioeconomic point of view of the use of village space in the form of rice fields and gardens.The Community's main livelihood is tapping rubber, and during the fruit season, they also produce fruit for the Community to sell (Cambah, 2022).After the customary forest is formed, the Community utilizes the natural resources in the woods by making ecotourism in the typical forest (Dangiang et al., 2017).In the form of a normal forest, people are free to make gardens, take wood, and hunt animals.From an economic perspective, before the existence of typical forests, there was no improvement in the Community's economy because people were still tapping rubber and harvesting wood in typical forests.because there is no regulation on Customary Forests (Dwihantoro & Rosyidi, 2020).After the Customary Forest is established, the Community is not allowed to take wood and make gardens within the Customary Forest area unless there is a special permit from the Customary Institution and the Government for wood pickers after the Customary Forest is established (Jufrida et al., 2018).
Figure 3 explain the community's use of the customary forest by: (1) The wealth contained in the customary forest is used for the present and the future, (2) For their own needs and public facilities, the community can take wood from the customary forest.the area with the condition that it must obtain permission from the village head through the management group (Nan et al., 2020).(3) For their own needs, the community uses forest products with permission from the village head through the management group and pays interest on the wood following existing regulations.(4) The Community may take fruit in the customary forest as long as it is not cut down and damaged.(5) The Community can take forest products contained in customary forests on the condition that they must ask permission from the village head through the management group (Putra, 2020).In preparing regional regulations regarding the formation of legal communities, the government policies in question are related to policies on protecting the rights of indigenous peoples and community empowerment; it is hoped that they do not overlap with customary law (Cheremeteff et al., 2021).Development of forestry that is more impartial and provides opportunities for local communities living in and around the forest, whether they are customary law communities or local communities.The forestry development policies are: (1) providing business opportunities, working and increasing public opinion, and (2) increasing revenue for the Government for the sake of continuity and equitable development.(3) optimizing the function of the forest according to its designation, namely the function of production and protection, to provide sustainable economic, ecological, and social benefits (Mishenin et al., 2018).

Conclusion
The results of the study show that the government's role is more dominant in realizing ecological governance in Jambi Province, namely by improving and developing performance, institutions and human resources, increasing forest productivity and destroying raw materials for the forest product processing industry, creating planning forest development based on community empowerment, a a form of community cooperation in customary forest management by utilizing supervision in protecting the forest.Customary forest governance in utilization To increase community knowledge and skills in managing customary forests and local wisdom in customary forests to conserve forests by using sanctions that will be applied if someone violates the usual regulations, for example in violation of customary forest destruction such as illegal logging by the community and coffins, the Government left it to traditional leaders to apply customary law.This is done to protect customary forests in the future, especially in Jambi Province.With this research, it is hoped that the community will be aware of the importance of maintaining and protecting and preserving customary forests so that they can provide an inheritance for posterity in the future.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Government and community programs in the utilization of customary forests Source: @kehutanan.jambiprov.go.id/.Modified with Nvivo 12 Plus