Analysing the Correlation of Bank Sampah and Rural Environmental Government Concept

This study aims to analyze the concept of bank sampah as the rural environmental government in Indonesia. The initial reason for researching these issues is supported by the importance of collaborative governance in rural governmental organization. At this case, villagers and bank sampah is the key for this issue. The work of villagers who run the technical bank sampah necessities need to be strengthen by local government and other stakeholders such as private, or any other non-governmental organization. Behavioural change that supposed to be existing at the beginning of bank sampah initials is broken down into several stages that also needed to be implemented by all the stakeholders. Using qualitative methods with a multiple case study approach, the researchers focused on Bank Sampah itself, community participation, and rural environmental government in Indonesia in order to support the execution of the 3 R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) and promote behavioural change in society, bank sampah was founded. The government needs to establish strict regulations for stakeholder collaboration. Rural environmental governance and sustainable development are inextricably linked to village involvement as well as the rule of virtue and the rule of the people, not just from government's point of view. Also, with strong local government and environmental protection, there is hope that Indonesia's ecological civilisation will advance, particularly with the implementation of bank sampah.


Introduction
In several developing countries, the inhabitants, industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth are the factors causing the rise of solid waste (Dhokhikah et al., 2015) in (Khair et al., 2019).Thus, the quantity of household waste upsurge recently initiated by pandemic COVID19 era.The importance of the participation of government in village level and the community in realizing sustainable development goals must be instilled by every individual who also has the full support of the local government.There are several ways to be able to preserve the environment, one of which is by building/ creating a waste bank that also involves the community in it (Khaira et al., 2020).One of them is called Bank Sampah.Khaira wrote about the role of partners in managing Bank Sampah that can add to the household economy, especially housewives in the North Sumatra region.Bank Sampah is one form of authentic activity in Indonesia, initiated by Bambang Suwerda.His reason for ISSN 1829-8907 building the Waste Bank was because of people's concerns about the environment that is increasingly filled with waste both organic and inorganic (Suwerda Sudibiyakto; Kurniawan, Andri, 2018).The more waste will certainly cause a lot of problems, so it requires transforming waste into useful materials.To create this waste bank, it is necessary for community participation that is adjusted to the level of the region.There are several problems in operational implementation of Bank Sampah, starting from the less awareness of certain community groups and the lack of understanding of policy.Aside of two problems mentioned above, some officer of bank sampah also did not really understand about the environmental government especially in rural area (Dyah Asmaranti, 2018).This issue is enforcing the researcher to analyse more on the role of bank sampah in sustaining the rural environmental government in Indonesia, which is need the collaboration with certain actors to deal with (Pribadi et al., 2021).
Rural or village is always correlated with the local government management but still being a stepchild in local development (Shucksmith, 2012).Though many aspects of environment were taking part in village and rural area.This is way the researcher focusing on the environmental governance in rural area.

Literature review 2.1. Rural environmental governance
Having research especially on waste management issues are never gone from any urbanisation.Even, in several countries such as Southern Africa, they found that governance systems continue to face complex challenges.It is necessary to address the challenges highlighted to achieve the majority of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and Africa's Agenda 2063 and to successfully implement sustainable natural resource management (Falayi et al., 2021).Not only in Africa but many countries have seen growing tensions between urban and rural communities, especially in terms of opportunities based on habitation development and the growing separation of nature from society (Du et al., 2020).These conflicts are amplified within rural communities, as continuing class-based processes of identity formation and following claims to particular place-identities play out (Du et al., 2020;Shucksmith, 2012).Shucksmith (2012) in Du claims that conflicts between communities are part of process for identification of its identity.It is lead to the formation of a new localized rural politics in which social and environmental issues are dominating progressively, remarkably in debating construction of rural sustainability, according to Woods (2006) in (Hermans et al., 2010).
In term of sustainability, the communities take important roles for planning, implementing, monitoring, and also evaluating the program (Bank et al., 2019).For implementing the environmental government in village level has been held in China (Du et al., 2020).Du said that the philosophy of Guanxi in china influence individuals in doing the environmental governance especially in pig farming in Jishang Village.Aside of research conducted by, there is an influence also from farmer engagement that has become increasingly crucial (Meng et al., 2022).Meng founds that in the process of farmer involvement, hindering forces such as life inactivity, loss of personal interests, and objective conditions are often the impeding forces that negatively affect farmers' participation decisions.Those two research above that held in China, has its uniqueness.
Also, some research by multiple case studies in Canada and Australia that the Indigenous Guardians are holding the importance role in emerging approaches in environmental governance.The indigenous are called as non-CANZUS states to determine their presence, emergence, and results (Pratama et al., 2019).It is much different from Brazil, the agricultural landscapes have been installed for over 80 years, it is combine socioeconomic development with environmental conservation in the context of frontier expansion (Arvor et al., 2018).Aside of those nations, Brexit will have a significant impact on environmental governance in Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom.However, it is taking place at a time when Northern Ireland is without a government, restricting its ability to participate in local and UK-wide preparations (Gravey, V., Burns, C., Carter, 2018).
In several countries in South Africa continent, focus more on developing environmental governance systems, which necessitates solutions that enable tenure reforms, long-term finance, true devolution, and cross-scale cooperation and coordination (Falayi et al., 2021).
It is not that different with Indonesian's case that has Bank Sampah that implementing citizen engagement in running it (Maryati et al., 2018).The local's participation in Bank Sampah is always related to empowering people.The empowerment program through the establishment of the Waste Bank is a program that aims to establish, empower and utilize household waste that is a type of organic and nonorganic waste owned by villages to be utilized as an addition to economic fields (Santifa et al., 2019).Then, by the existing of bank sampah itself, it is hoping for Community participation.The availability of waste reduction is influenced by environmental credentials that are responsible for passing on information and technology to the community, as well as guiding and motivating it (Dhokhikah & Trihadiningrum, 2012).Dhokhikah beliefs that waste reduction raises community understanding, it boosts consciousness, and converts awareness into pro-environmental action.Most of Bank Sampah is handled by housewife.Housewives are a woman who does not work in a paid job in the labour market (Uzar Özdemiṙ, n.d.) to change the habits of waste management wisely (Sindara et al., 2019).

Collaborative governance
Another theory use for this research is about the collaborative governance.Collaborative of cooperating is needed to be implemented by government.Emerson (2011) defined that procedure and structure of public policy aggregation and governance that involve society, private sectors, NGOs that have the same desire to be formulated.Then, Guire (2006) explains that collaborative governance is a concept in government management as a process to facilitate and implementation by stakeholders (Purnomo et al., 2018).Collaboration always needs stakeholders in order to maximise the work of projects.Some of types on collaboration also exist.One of them is cross-sector collaboration popularised by John M Bryon and Barbara C. Crosby (2006).They create cycle on cross-sector collaboration into this following.

Figure 1 Cross-sector collaboration
Taken form Bryson and Crosby (2006)

Methods
This research uses qualitative methods with a multiple case study approach that takes environmental preservation; collaborative governance, bank sampah, the rural environmental governance collective case study is an approach that use more than one issue or case in one study (Berg & Lune, 2011).The research wants to find on the correlation of Bank Sampah projects with the smart sustainable waste management in Indonesia.
The researcher collects data in the form of words, pictures and not numbers (A.Meng, 2014).Descriptive research aims to make a systematic, factual, and accurate description, picture or painting about the facts, nature and relationships between phenomena investigated (Dewanti et al., 2020).The analysis using an interactive model analysis technique developed by Miles and Hubberman includes three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusions (Dewanti et al., 2020).

Result and Discussion
Bank sampah was created actually for maximizing the implementation of 3 R (reduce, reuse, recycle) for society waste management (Pribadi et al., 2021).What makes bank sampah different is because all society needs to sort their waste to make it clear.Also, the essential of reuse, reduce and recycle will be work best for if society able to implement it well.Currently, it was recorded in the 2021's Ministry of Environment and Forestry data that the number of bank sampah is 11,556 units across 363 districts/cities in Indonesia (KLHK, 2021).In 2022, there is the decrease of bank sampah units in Indonesia by only 6167 units (Kehutanan et al., 2023).Those tables show the exact number of bank sampah which is hope can be way to strengthen the interaction between people and nature (Lingkungan, 2021).Not only helping the connection between them, bank sampah also teach to be responsible.
The treatment of sorting the waste was: 10.28% sorted and utilized it partially, 13.41% sorted and then disposed of it, and 76.31% did not sort.As for the reason for the people who do not sort waste, the most is because of laziness, which is 40.56%; and next is not knowing that the garbage must be sorted before it is disposed of (33.33 %), there are no supporting facilities (11.79 %); unprofitable (10.48 %) and no regulation (3.92 %) this survey is handed out to several participation in Bantul regency, Yogyakarta (Suwerda Sudibiyakto; Kurniawan, Andri, 2018).The survey made by academician in universitas gadjah mada stated that the respondent was not good informed about this matter.To maximize the implementation of this policy, it is necessary to involve many actors, be it from government elements, the private sector to civil society.Therefore, Collaborative Governance in the implementation of policies must be carried out.This is in view of the limitations of the ability of government agencies to carry out their functions in the public service.
Nowadays, Bank sampah has been interesting projects done by government and even the university lecturers and students to maximize the community service in social (Ahmad, 2022).Irdam in his research also explain the diagram on collaboration between society and university.There are several steps to implement the collaboration work between university and society.It has been collaboration with stakeholders in chapter 3 act 13.The related stakeholders are working hand in hand to maximise the usage of Bank Sampah.The multilevel collaborative strategy, which focuses on enhancing stakeholder communication, enhances the efficient disposal of garbage (Fatmawati et al., 2022).By having the collaboration, it hopes to boost the circular economy as well.Bank sampah initially created to help the village from dengue after the great earthquake 2016 back then (Sri Lestari, 2012).The initiator also stated that the society is joining willingly by the probability of profits.With 13303 bank sampah in Indonesia.

Figure 2 Bank Sampah Distribution in Indonesia 2022
Sources: https://sipsn.menlhk.go.id/sipsn/In addition to creating and initiating a waste bank, the most important thing to build is to change people's mindsets by doing 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in their daily lives.One of the efforts to manage sorted waste is to make TPS3R.TPS-3R is a waste processing system with technological innovations of a waste compositing machine and compost sieve that are more effective and efficient.The results of processing organic waste in the form of compost are used to fertilize ornamental plants and herbs which are planted in the land around the TPS for sale.After the garbage was send to the TPS3R, it will be fully placed in the TPA (Litbang & Perumahan, 2018a).The following is the number of TPS3R and also TPA in Indonesia in 2022.Alongside with the name, TPS3R is used to reduce, reuse and recycling waste with technological tools to support economically (Litbang & Perumahan, 2018b).There are 839 TPS3R built in Indonesia to minimise the waste before sending it to final dump or TPA.Also, the final dump/ TPA exist in Indonesia nowadays is around 2292 with the large amount of TPA is in Jawa Island.
Hence the society itself needs to strengthen their internal affairs by these following to reach the independent rural environmental government (Deng et al., 2019).
The Rural communities can implement village self-government in one of the following ways: The villagers' sense of control over the administration and preservation of the rural environment is essential to their accomplishment.Governments at all levels enforce the legal system, rule of virtue, limit them, penalize, and control the illegal activities of villagers, transform the archaic notion of the environment, and increase villagers' knowledge of the need to safeguard the environment fiercely.
Aside of the sense of belonging, villagers as the core figure, the villagers' committee assumes the initiative in carrying out various rural environmental autonomy activities.The village committee is responsible for leading the entire community and coordinating the advancement of village selfgovernment.The village committee's leadership is flexible, open, required, and goal-oriented, and it should take many different, engaging, and rich forms.To make it stronger, it need to establish a village environment self-governing committee or civil society organization and choose from among the residents of each village group a core group of regarded townships, elders, ethnic leaders, or highly educated persons to serve as the committee's pillars.This is to stimulate the ecological legal framework and the principles of the rule of virtue among the villagers in accordance with the views of the leaders and make the public aware of the environmental governance and protection policies.Not simply as mastering the use of environmental resources scientifically, environmental governance and protection, environmentally sustainable development, and rural revitalization, the village committee actively organizes the core members of the villager self-governing committee and the heads of the autonomous organizations.People furthermore visit the demonstration townships.
We should strengthen the core role of community-level Party organizations and strengthen the leading role of community-level party committees and governments in rural environmental governance.We should clarify the regulatory and law enforcement responsibilities of law enforcement departments at all levels and of all types, clarify the boundaries of responsibility, improve reward and punishment mechanisms, and encourage all social forces to participate in rural environmental governance (B & Yang, n.d.).

Conclusion
Many countries create social engineering for ensuring the environment is not harmed by people's activities through several projects-based environment.So does Indonesia, starting from scratch; Bank sampah was initiated to support the implementation of 3 R and hoping that behavioural change to society.Bank sampah also a social engineering activity that teaches the community to sort waste, grow public awareness in waste management wisely, and later will reduce waste transported to landfill.The collaborative made by stakeholders; the government needs to create the strong regulation for it.
The term of Rural environmental governance and sustainable development are attached from the participation of local society, and they are also inseparable from the rule of integrity and the rule of the people not only from the government perspective.The community holds full responsibilities in dealing with the fields.The community are monitor and evaluates the programs.Rural also finds several intrigue and problems that always can be discussed.
However, with a strong people's power to reign and guard the rural environment, its hope that the Indonesia's ecological civilization will increase higher, especially in the implementation of Bank Sampah.

Table 1 .
Number of Bank Sampah in Indonesia 2022