2024-03-28T19:17:07Z
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/index/oai
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18657
2020-04-17T20:20:47Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18657
2020-04-17T20:20:47Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018; 15-18
Produksi Sabun Cuci Piring Sebagai Upaya Peningkatkan Efektivitas Dan Peluang Wirausaha
Amalia, Rizka; Jurusan Teknik Kimia Program Diploma, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Paramita, Vita; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Kusumayanti, Heny; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; Program Studi, Teknik Kimia Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Sembiring, Maranatha; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Rani, Dina Elvia; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-06-04 13:13:32
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18657
sabun cuci piring; pelatihan; Pedalangan; Banyumanik; dishwashing liquid; training
id
Sabun cuci piring merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dalam rumah tangga yang berfungsi sebagai penghilang kotoran dan lemak pada peralatan makan dan masak. Konsumsi sabun cuci piring yang terus menerus setiap harinya, menyebabkan kebutuhan pengadaan sabun dengan biaya yang tidak sedikit, terlebih pada ibu-ibu kelompok pembuat jajan pasar sederhana di RT 4 RW 7 Kelurahan Pedalangan Kecamatan Banyumanik. Tujuan dilaksanakannya pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberi pengetahuan dan pelatihan kepada ibu-ibu RT 4, RW 7, Kelurahan Pedalangan, Kecamatan Banyumanik tentang pembuatan sabun cuci piring cair guna mengurangi pengeluaran masyarakat terhadap pembelian sabun sekaligus untuk menciptakan peluang usaha baru. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian, akan dijelaskan bahan baku, prosedur kerja dan perhitungan biaya produksi pembuatan sabun cuci piring. Dari kegiatan yang dilakukan, mitra dapat menghasilkan luaran produk barang berupa sabun cuci piring cair sesuai dengan metode yang diberikan dalam pelatihan. Production of Dish Washer Soap as Efforts to Increase Effectiveness And Entrepreneurial Opportunity Dishwashing liquid is one of household stuff that used for removing grease and dirt from dishes. Using the dishwashing liquid continuously cause the need of its stuff at a high enough cost. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge and training to the making of dishwashing liquid soap in order to reduce cost as well as to create new business opportunity. In this activities, the raw materials and procedure of producing dishwashing liquid will explained, and the production costs of dishwashing manufacture will calculated. From the activities undertaken, can produce the dishwashing liquid soap in accordance with the methods given in the training.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/3431
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3431
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
MIKROALGA SEBAGAI SUMBER BIOMASA TERBARUKAN: TEKNIK KULTIVASI DAN PEMANENAN
Ariyanti, Dessy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Handayani, Noer Abyor; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3431
en
Abstract For millennia, aquatic environment has been a source of food, minerals, and natural products to fulfill human’s need. In order to resolved problem due to increment of population, the development of product microalgae based which is one of renewable resource absolutely needed. There are two important processes in biotechnology of microalgae, microalgae cultivation and harvesting. Common cultivation methods used in growing microalgae are open raceway pond system and closed photobioreactor system. While harvesting methods used is flocculation, centrifugation and filtration. This paper described briefly the methods used in cultivation and harvesting of microalgae. Keywords: microalgae, cultivation, harvesting
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/25086
2020-04-28T18:53:46Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/25086
2020-04-28T18:53:46Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019; 43-48
Filtrasi Ampas Jahe Menggunakan Filter Press
Yulifianti, Ade Lina; Program Studi Teknologi Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Eristi, Bella; Program Studi Teknologi Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Puspita, Mawar; Program Studi Teknologi Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Handayani, Dwi; Program Studi Teknologi Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2019-11-27 21:28:30
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/25086
Ginger pulp; filtration; concentration; filter press
id
Ampas jahe hasil buangan proses industri jamu masih mengandung sari jahe. Pengolahan ulang dengan pelarutan dan penyaringan dengan plate and frame filter press dapat dilakukan untuk mengisolasinya. Penggunaan variabel konsentrasi umpan 0,2 kg/liter, 0,4 kg/liter, dan 0,6 kg/liter. Menggunakan tekanan tetap 2 kg/cm2 dan laju alir 5,66x10-11 m/s2, dihitung nilai tahanan spesifik ampas (α), tahanan ampas (Rc), tahanan medium filter (Rm) untuk mengetahui efesiensi kinerja alat filter press. Proses filtrasi dilakukan secara batch. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan nilai α, Rc, dan Rm tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,6 kg/L yaitu α (4,98x106 m/kg), Rc (1,35x108 m-1), Rm (3,79x1011 m-1). Efektivitas produk yang dihasilkan diketahui melalui pengukuran konsentrasi sari jahe pada hasil filtrat. Pengujian konsentrasi menggunakan centrifuge dan analisa Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Hasil analisa centrifuge menyatakan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi umpan, maka semakin besar pula konsentrasi produk. Konsentrasi sari jahe tertinggi yang didapat 6,67%, terdapat pada variable konsentrasi umpan 0,6 kg/liter. Begitu pula dengan uji TSS, konsentrasi umpan 0,6 kg/liter menghasilkan TSS terbesar yaitu 277 mg/l. Ginger pulp from the process of industrial herbs still contain ginger juice. Reprocessing ginger pulp with dissolving and filtering with plate and frame filter press can done to isolate it. Use feed variable concentration 0.2 kg/liter, 0.4 kg/liter, and 0.6 kg/liter. Fixed pressure used is 2 kg/cm2 and flow rate use 5.66x10-11 m/s2, will calculated the specific prisoner value of the pulp (α), Prisoner of Pulp (Rc), Prisoner of medium filter (Rm) to know the efficiency of the performance of filter press. Filtration process is done in batches. The results of the calculation show the highest value of α, Rc, and Rm at concentrations 0.6 kg/liter are α (4.98x106 m/kg), Rc (1.35x108 M-1), Rm (3.79x1011 M-1). Effectiveness of the resulting products is known through measurements of ginger juice concentrations in filtrate results. Concentration testing using centrifuge and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) analysis. Result of centrifuge analysis states that the greater concentration of feed, that the greater the concentration of product. The highest concentrations of ginger juice gained 6.67%, there is a variable concentration feed 0.6 kg/liter. Similarly, the test of TSS, the concentration feed 0.6 kg/liter resulted in the largest TSS 277 mg/l.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4909
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4909
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
ASIDOLISIS ENZIMATIK MINYAK IKAN TUNA( THUNNUS THYNNUS) MENJADI PRODUK ASAM LEMAK KAYA OMEGA-3 DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIPASE GETAH PEPAYA (carica papaya latex)
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; Laboratorium Proses Industri Kimia,PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fakultas Teknik, Universitas
Diponegoro Jl Prof Sudharto SH,Tembalang Semarang ;Telpon 024 7471379, HP
08122876918
Pudjihastuti, Isti; Laboratorium Bioteknologi,PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fakultas Teknik, Universitas
DiponegoroJl Prof Sudhatho SH,Tembalang,Semarang
Kusumayanti, Heny; Laboratorium Teknologi Pengolahan Pangan,PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fakultas Teknik
,Universitas Diponegoro,Jl Prof Sudharto SH,Tembalang,Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4909
en
Incorporation of omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA) into Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) fish oil was investigated by using acidolysis enzimatis Process. The product of this modification is expected to be used as an ingredient nutrifition food products, especially in milk and baby food as well as pregnant and lactating The purpose of this study was to optimizing the used of lipased papaya latex (Carica papaya latex) in the product to incorporation fatty acids rich in omega-3.Bioreactor acidolysis enzematik development and Optimization of process the productivity of fatty acids rich in omega-3. Reaction Acidolysis was conducted between tuna (thunnus thynnus) fish oil by microbial lipase (5% of the weight of the substrate mixture) or vegetable lipased (Carica papaya latex) (6-10% by weight subtract mixture) as biocatalist.Acidolysis mixture the bioreactor at 40 o C for (2-6 hours) and the stirring speed of 200 rpm, pH (4.5 to 6.5). to eliminate free fatty acids from the product acidolysis performed neutralization with NaOH The results are expected to show that the lipase papaya latex (Carica papaya latex) can be used as biocatalyst incorporated omega-3 fatty acids in tunaIthunnus thunnyl) fish oil . In this study sought conditions for optimum incorporation rate, ie the use of papaya latex lipase concentration of 8%, the ratio of concentrations of omega-3 fatty acid and palm oil (1:1), pH = 5.5, Optimal time of 4 hours and the temperature (40oC) . The results were analyzed incorporation of omega-3 (EPA and DHA) with GC.EPA generated: 3.57% and DHA = 3.91% Key word:Acidolysis,Tuna fish oil
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/34136
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/34136
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Pati Umbi Uwi (Discorea alata) melalui Proses Fermentasi dan Distilasi
Hargono, Hargono; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
2020-11-26 06:41:25
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/34136
Pati Uwi; SSF; distilasi dua tahap; bioetanol
id
Bioetanol adalah nama lain etanol yang dapat dibuat dari bahan baku biomasa. Tanaman Uwi (Discorea alata) mudah tumbuh di lereng-lereng gunung, hutan sebagai tanaman liar, namun tanaman ini ada yang sengaja ditanam orang. Tanaman Uwi mengandung karbohidrat cukup tinggi (32,64%) sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol. Pada penelitian ini umbi Uwi terlebih dulu dibuat pati agar memudahkan terjadinya proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi. Proses pembuatan pati Uwi adalah dengan mengekstrak bubur (hasil parutan) Uwi menggunakan air. Proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi dilakukan secara serentak atau Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). Konsentrasi pati Uwi 200 g/L, konsentrasi enzim (Stargen TM 002) 1,5% (w/w), konsentrasi yeast 1,10% (w/w) dan pada suhu 30°C. Hasil proses SSF adalah konsentrasi bioetanol kadar rendah, sehingga agar kemurnian bioetanol meningkat perlu dilakukan distilasi. Proses distilasi menggunakan distilasi 2 tahap, terdiri dari 2 kolom, meliputi kolom 1 tanpa bahan isian dilengkapi pipa pendingin yang berbentuk spiral, sedangkan kolom 2 berisi bahan isian yaitu packing. Proses distilasi 2 tahap masing-masing ini dioperasikan pada suhu 78°C. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh waktu SSF terhadap konsentrasi bioetanol dan mempelajari waktu distilasi tahap 1 dan 2 terhadap konsentrasi bioetanol. Proses SSF dilakukan selama 90 jam. Hasil terbaik proses SSF dicapai selama 72 jam yang menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol 12,30%. Proses distilasi 1 dan 2 dilakukan masing-masing selama 105 menit. Hasil terbaik dari distilasi tahap 1 dan tahap 2dicapai selama waktu masing-masing 90 menit, yaitu konsentrasi bioetanol 27,93% dan 85,30%. Perancangan alat distilasi 2 tahap ini layak digunakan sebagai alat pemunian bioetanol hasil SSF.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7204
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7204
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
PENGENDALIAN MUTU BETON PADA PELAKSANAAN JALAN DENGAN PERKERASAN KAKU
Sutanto, Sutanto; Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Undip
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7204
en
Abstract Concrete as a building material has advantages compared with other materials because of its strength, easy to shape as desired designer, easy to work, easy to obtain raw materials, densities, treatment is relatively simple and economical considerations. As a material for rigid pavement on the highway project, treatment is similar to other construction work. Failure to avoid a construction that needs to be done according to standard and quality control requirements in SNI-03-1734-1989 on the concrete and SNI-03-1737-1989 on the highway as well as the international consensus as ASTM, ACI, etc.. Quality control includes the preparation of concrete materials, mixing, transporting, placing and casting the mixture, compacting the mixture, treatment and final concrete work. Specimen testing performed to evaluate the quality of the work. Of this evaluation will be concluded whether the work is in accordance with the plan. Key word : Concrete, rigid pavement
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/40661
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/40661
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 1-6
Analisis Kadar pH dan Organoleptik Daging Ayam dengan Metode Vakum dan Non-vakum
Silvia, Deli; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
Yusuf, Muhammad Rifqy; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
2022-06-17 01:55:26
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/40661
kemasan PE - Nylon; kenampakan; tekstur; penyimpanan suhu dingin; UMKM
id
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh jenis material kemasan vakum dan non-vakum terhadap kualitas kadar pH, dan organoleptik daging ayam broiler pada penyimpanan suhu dingin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui berapa hari masa simpan, kualitas daging, dan efisiensi penggunaan bahan dan metode kemasan dalam pengemasan daging ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar dapat memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat khususnya pedagang atau UMKM daging ayam potong mengenai jenis bahan pengemasan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu daging ayam potong yang tepat. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan dua faktorial bahan pengemasan yaitu Polietilen (PE) dan Nylon dengan dua metode vakum dan non-vakum dengan dua kali pengulangan dalam penyimpanan di suhu dingin (±4oC) selama 8 hari. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengujian kadar pH daging ayam yang terendah hingga hari ke-8 yaitu nylon + vakum dengan nilai 6.41. Untuk pengujian organoleptik dapat disimpulkan bahwa parameter kenampakan, rasa dan tektur daging ayam yang dapat diterima oleh panelis berupa kemasan PE + vakum dan nylon + vakum dengan penyimpanan selama enam (6) hari. Research has been carried out on the effect of vacuum and non-vacuum packaging materials on the quality of pH levels, and organoleptic properties of broiler chicken meat in cold storage. This study was conducted to determine how many days of storage, meat quality, and the efficiency of using materials and packaging methods in packaging broiler chicken meat. This study aims to provide information to the public, especially traders or MSMEs of chicken meat regarding the types of packaging materials and storage time for the right quality of chicken meat. The study was conducted using the RAL method (Completely Randomized Design) with two factorial packaging materials, namely Polyethylene (PE) and Nylon with two vacuum and non-vacuum methods with two repetitions in cold storage (±4oC) for 8 days. The data processing method used ANOVA and Duncan's further test. The results of this study showed that the lowest pH level of chicken meat until day 8 was nylon + vacuum with a value of 6.41. For organoleptic testing, it can be concluded that the parameters of appearance, taste and texture of chicken meat that are acceptable to the panelists are PE + vacuum and nylon + vacuum packaging with storage for six (6) days.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/17658
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17658
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016; 59-62
Penerapan Alat Pencetak Kue “Unthuk Yuyu” Secara Kontinyu untuk Meningkatkan Kapasitas Produksi
Handayani, Dwi; Departemen Teknologi Industri Prodi Teknik Kimia Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Diponegoro
Ardiayasari, Anindya; Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Vendamawan, Rico; Departemen Teknologi Industri Prodi Teknik Kimia Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Diponegoro
2016-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17658
Kapasitas, Kontinyu, Kue kering, Pencetak
en
Industri kue kering merupakan industri makanan yang memanfaatkan tepung terigu sebagai bahan baku utama dalam proses produksinya. Produk kue kering biasanya disajikan dalam bentuk yang spesifik sebagai ciri jenis makanan yang bersangkutan, maupun untuk mendapatkan estetika yang menarik dengan bentuk yang kreatif dan berkembang. Banyak sekali makanan khas Indonesia dengan bahan baku yang sama dan proses pengolahan yang sama, namun dengan bentuk produk yang yang berbeda akan mendapatkan ketertarikan konsumen yang berbeda. Dalam skala industri untuk memproduksi makanan dalam bentuk tertentu biasanya berlomba untuk menghasilkan bentuk-bentuk yang menarik, dengan proses pembentukan menggunakan pencetakan. UMKM ” Dua Bintang” memproduksi berbagai kue kering dan makanan ringan, namun produk terbanyaknya adalah kue ”unthuk yuyu”. Selama ini dalam proses produksi masih menggunakan alat pencetak yang bekerja secara manual sehingga banyak memerlukan tenaga kerja dan kapasitas produksinya sangat terbatas. Pada saat permintaan meningkat cukup tinggi, sering tidak bisa terpenuhi karena keterbatasan tenaga kerja. Oleh karenanya untuk peningkatan kuantitas produksi perlu adanya sentuhan teknologi untuk dapat mencetak kue tersebut secara mekanik yang bekerja kontinyu. Adanya penerapan Alat Pencetak Kue yang bekerja secara kontinyu tersebut, kapasitas produksi kue unthuk yuyu di UMKM ”Dua Bintang” mengalami peningkatan kapasitas produksi dari 35 kg/hari menjadi 75 kg/hari dan menghemat jumlah tenaga kerja dari 20 orang menjadi 8 orang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penerapan Alat Pencetak Mekanik yang kontinyu, kapasitas produksi dapat meningkat lebih dari 100% dan biaya produksi akan menurun karena jumlah tenaga kerja yangdibutuhkan juga berkurang.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/50480
2023-06-17T15:05:37Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/50480
2023-06-17T15:05:37Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023; 1-12
Optimasi Proses Deasetilasi Kitin menjadi Kitosan dari Selongsong Maggot menggunakan RSM
Ardianto, Rendy; Jurusan Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Amalia, Rizka; Jurusan Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2023-06-17 15:04:39
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/50480
maggot; selongsong, kitosan; deasetilasi; RSM
id
Maggot (Hermetia illucens) adalah organisme yang berasal dari telur Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dan salah satu organisme pembusuk karena mengonsumsi bahan-bahan organik untuk bertahan hidup. Di Indonesia budidaya Black Soldier Fly (BSF) semakin diminati belakangan ini. Dalam budidaya Black Soldier Fly selalu menghasilkan limbah berupa selongsong Black Soldier Fly yang masih belum banyak digunakan yaitu sekitar 2/5 dari total produksi. Saat ini selongsong maggot belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Padahal, selongsong maggot berpotensi menjadi bahan baku alternatif dalam produksi kitosan.. Dengan demikian, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) ini merupakan sumber baru biopolimer kitin yang menarik untuk diteliti dan digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi. Untuk produksi kitin sendiri ada 3 tahap yaitu meliputi proses demineralisasi, deproteinasi, dan depigmentasi. Untuk mengubah kitin menjadi kitosan dilakukan proses deasetilasi. Nilai derajat deasetilasi sangat mempengaruhi kualitas kitosan yang dihasilkan. Faktor-faktor utama yang menentukan keberhasilan proses deasetilasi adalah suhu dan waktu ekstraksi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui optimasi produksi kitosan berbasis selongsong maggot dengan variasi waktu dan suhu. Optimasi suhu dilakukan pada variasi suhu deasetilasi 60oC, 70oC, 80oC dan variasi waktu 8, 10, dan 12 jam dengan metode Response Surface Metodhology (RSM). Derajat deasetilasi tertinggi diperoleh saat suhu 84,14214°C dengan waktu 10 jam menghasilkan 93,03823% Maggot (Hermetia illucens) is an organism that comes from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) eggs and is one of the decaying organisms because it consumes organic materials to survive. In Indonesia, the cultivation of the Black Soldier Fly has been increasingly in demand lately. In Black Soldier Fly cultivation, it always produces waste in the form of Black Soldier Fly casings which are still not widely used, which is around 2/5 of the total production. Currently maggot casings have not been used much. In fact, maggot sleeves have the potential to become alternative raw materials in chitosan production. Therefore, the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is an interesting new source of biopolymer chitin for research and use in various applications. For the production of chitin itself there are 3 stages which include the process of demineralization, deproteination, and depigmentation. To convert chitin into chitosan, a deacetylation process is carried out. The degree of deacetylation greatly affects the quality of the chitosan produced. The main factors that determine the success of the deacetylation process are temperature and extraction time. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the optimization of chitosan production based on maggot sleeves with variations in time and temperature. Temperature optimization was carried out at various deacetylation temperatures of 60oC, 70oC, 80oC and time variations of 8, 10 and 12 hours using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. The highest degree of deacetylation was obtained at 84.14214°C for 10 hours to produce 93.03823%
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11050
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11050
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN NELAYAN DAN MASYARAKAT PENGOLAH IKAN PANGGANG DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN ASAP CAIR
Handayani, Dwi; Fak. Teknik , UNDIP
Faizah, Laila; Fak. Teknik , UNDIP
TS, Margaretha; Fak. Teknik , UNDIP
Arifan, Fahmi; Fak. Teknik , UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11050
en
Abstract Tambaklorok village, particularly around TPI has 250 households of population which approximately 70 % is poor to work as fishermen, fish sellers, laborers and unemployed so erratic income or below the minimum wage and some have no income at all. So they need business partnership to transfer the technology for improving the quality of human resources by empowering fishing communities, especially fishermen and fish processors to increase the income and standard of living of fishermen. During curing fish is traditionally done so much polluting and quality results are not optimal. Therefore, the transfer of the technology to be applied is the manufacture of liquid smoke with pirolisator to make grilled fish and the use of vacuum packaging so that the result is better quality and durable in storage. Fish as food is a source of high quality protein, 10 essential amino acids available include the amino acids lysine, methionine and histidine. Lysine is one of the essential amino acids, and its presence in fish is highly perishable, so it needs to be applied in the form of community service how to produce processed fish that the lysine amino acid content does not change that fumigation with liquid smoke flavored liquid. Curingin fish especially lemuru (Sardinillalongceps) has been done because this type of fish is widely available in Indonesia and many people consuming these types of fish because the price is affordable. Of training undertaken smoked fish can be produced with a more yellow color and a longer shelf is 7-10 days. With the quality of smoked fish better so increase the selling price and will increase the income of fishing communities. Keywords: marine fish, liquid smoke, pirolisator Abstrak Kelurahan Tambaklorok , khususnya disekitar TPI yang berpenduduk 250 kk dimana sekitar 70 % merupakam warga miskin dengan pekerjaan sebagai nelayan, penjual ikan,buruh dan pengangguran sehingga penghasilanya tidak menentu atau dibawah UMR bahkan ada yang tidak berpenghasilan sama sekali.Untuk itu perlu adanya pola kemitraan usahadenganmentransfer teknologi dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dengan memberdayakan nelayan khususnya nelayan dan masyarakat pengolah ikan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan taraf hidup nelayan. Selama ini pengasapan ikan yang dilakukan secara tradisional sehingga banyak menimbulkan polusi dan kualitas hasilnya tidak maksimal. Oleh karenanya transfer teknologi yang akan diterapkan adalah dengan pembuatan asap cair dengan pirolisator untuk membuat ikan panggang dan penggunaan pengemasan vacuum sehingga hasilnya lebih berkualitas dan tahan lama dalam penyimpanannya.Ikan sebagai bahan pangan merupakan sumber protein yang tinggi kualitasnya, 10 jenis asam amino esensial tersedia diantaranya asam-asam aminolisin, metionin dan histidin.Lisin merupakan salah satu asam amino esensial, dan keberadaanya dalam ikan sangat mudah rusak, sehingga perlu diaplikasikan dalam bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat bagaimana cara memproduksi olahan ikan agar kandungan asam amino lisin tidak berubah yaitu pengasapan dengan asap cair .Pengasapan cair bercitarasa pada ikan terutama ikan lemuru (Sardinilla longceps) sudah dilakukan karena jenis ikan ini banyak terdapat di Indonesia dan masyarakat banyak mengkonsumsi jenis ikan ini karena harga yang terjangkau. Dari pelatihan yang dilakukan dapat dihasilkan ikan asap dengan warna yang lebih kuning dan daya simpannya lebih panjang yaitu 7-10 hari. Dengan kualitas ikan asap yang lebih baik sehingga harga jualnya naik dan akan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat nelayan. Kata kunci :ikan laut, asap cair, pirolisator
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1715
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1715
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
BIODIESEL DENGAN ALTERNATIF BAHAN BAKU MINYAK NABATI BARU DAN BEKAS
Kusumayanti, Heny; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III, UNDIP
Puspitasari, Nurul; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III, UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1715
en
Abstract Biodiesel represent one of substance of alternative of fuel substitution which can be innovated and friendly environmentally. This Biodiesel earn also made plainly and exploit the existing substance around. Price from raw material its maker also cheap enough. The example by using new vegetation oil and ex-vegetation oil. Process of with the process transesterifikasi, that is dissolve the oil by NaOH and methanol. Later then mingled and yield two coat after hushed 8 clock that is flake is biodiesel and substratum is gliserol. Examination conducted by experience is combustion by using tinder and with the iron rasher Keywords : biodiesel, oil
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14752
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14752
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
BIOKATALIS LIPASE RHIZOPUS ORYZAE PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI LIPID TERSTRUKTUR KAYA ASAM LEMAK OMEGA -3
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fak.Teknik, Undip, Jl Prof Sudharto SH,Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Supriyo, Edy; PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fak.Teknik, Undip, Jl Prof Sudharto SH,Semarang 50275, Indonesia
Broto, R. TD. Wisnu; PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fak.Teknik, Undip, Jl Prof Sudharto SH,Semarang 50275, Indonesia
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14752
Abstrak Immobilisasi merupakan teknik recovery enzim yang menjadi perhatian dalam beberapa tahun belakangan, dilakukan dengan bantuan support sebagai media yang dapat mencegah terlarutnya enzim. Metode immobilisasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode adsorpsi, dengan menggunakan lipase rhizopus oryzae, reaksi yang diamati adalah reaksi transesterifukasi Lipid Terstruktur kaya omega-3. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah, mengkaji teknik immobilisasi enzim lipase dengan bantuan support dengan melakukan pengamatan teknik adsorpsi fisik dan mengembangkan penggunaan enzim lipase Rhizopus oryzae immobile sebagai biokatalisator untuk reaksi transesterifikasi minyak ikan tuna. Optimalisasi kondisi operasi proses terhadap produktifitas lipid terstruktur kaya asam lemak omega-3, dengan kajian kecepatan reaksi. Tujuan utama dilakukan immobilisasi enzim adalah untuk melihat apakah enzim tersebut dapat digunakan kembali dalam reaksi selanjutnya (reuse). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimum reaksi pada suhu 50oC, pH lipase 8 perbandingan ratio substrat (Minyak ikan tuna : asam laurat )1:10 selama 6 jam. Profil gliserida dari hasil asidolisis enzimatis adalah 78,1 % trigliserida, 32,2 % Digliserida dan 11,9% Monogliserida. Inkoorporasi asam laurat mencapai 62,8 mol %. Pada waktu inkubasi 12 jam, trigliserida menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu inkubasi, sedangkan digliserida meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu inkubasi. Pada suhu reaksi di atas 50oC, trigliserida menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya suhu reaksi. Metode interesterifikasi ini cukup efektif untuk mensintesis lipid terstruktur spesifik.Kata kunci: Lipid terstruktur, immobilisasi lipase , minyak ikan tuna Abstract Immobilization of an enzyme recovery techniques are a concern in recent years, carried out with the help of support as a medium that can prevent the dissolution of enzim. Method immobilization used in this study is the adsorption method, using rhizopus oryzae lipase, a reaction observed was a reaction transesterifikasi. Structured Lipids rich in omega-3 the aim of this study is, reviewing techniques immobilization of lipase with the assistance of support by observing techniques physical adsorption and develop the use of lipase Rhizopus oryzae immobile as biokatalisator for the transesterification reaction tuna fish oil optimization of operating conditions of the process to the productivity of structured lipids rich in fatty acids omega-3, with an assessment of the speed of the main reaction. Purpose do immobilisation of enzymes is to see whether the enzyme can be reused in a subsequent reaction (reuse) the results of the research showed the optimum reaction conditions at 50 ° C, pH 8 comparisons ratio lipase substrate (tuna fish oil : lauric acid) 1:10 for 6 hours. Profil gliseride result is 78.1% asidolisis enzymatic triglycerides, 32.2% and 11.9% diglycerides Monogliserida. Inkoorporasi lauric acid reached 62.8 mol%. %. At the 12 hour incubation period, triglyceride decreases with increasing time of incubation, whereas diglycerides increased with increasing incubation time. At reaction temperatures above 50° C, triglycerides decreased with increasing reaction temperature. Interesterification method is quite effective to synthesize specific structured lipids.Keywords: structured lipids, immobilization of lipases, tuna fish oil
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1857
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1857
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
Beban Alternator Fasa Tiga Simulasi Dalam Laboratorium
Yuwono, Teguh; Jurusan Teknik Elektro PSD III Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1857
en
Abstract Electrics usage by consumer according to its requirement. Burden of electrics usage by assorted consumer, but the conclusion burden of electrics usage is have the character of the resistive, capacitive and inductive. Physicly in the form of resistor, inductor, and capacitor. Burden in electrics usage not stand-alone but became to one union of network of requirement of usage electrics energy. In electrics three phasa, burden can be linked by a star or delta, at same burden linked by a star or delta will permeate the same electrics energy but differing at current ampere and voltage. Keyword: resistor; inductor; capacitor; star and delta connection.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9745
2020-04-17T20:20:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9745
2020-04-17T20:20:10Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017; 13-22
Pembuatan Minyak Biji Karet Dari Biji Karet Dengan Menggunakan Metode Screw Pressing: Analisis Produk Penghitungan Rendemen, Penentuan Kadar Air Minyak, Analisa Densitas, Analisa Viskositas, Analisa Angka Asam Dan Analisa Angka Penyabunan
Hakim, Abdul; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Mukhtadi, Edwin; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-02-14 15:23:48
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9745
Biji karet; Screw pressing; Minyak biji karet; Rubber seed; Screw pressing; Rubber seed oil
en
Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian yang banyak menunjang perekonomian Negara. Selain menghasilkan lateks, perkebunan karet juga menghasilkan biji karet yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimum. Dengan melihat tingginya kandungan minyak di dalam daging biji karet yakni sebesar 45.63% maka minyak tersebut sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan. Proses pengambilan minyak biji karet dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara antara lain pengepresan (pressing), dan pelarut (solvent). Dua cara yang umum digunakan yaitu dengan metode pengepresan mekanis antara lain pengepresan hidrolik (hydraulic pressing) dan pengepresan berulir (screw pressing). Cara screw pressing memerlukan perlakuan pendahuluan yang terdiri dari proses pemanasan atau tempering. Pada penelitian ini mempelajari tentang “Pengaruh Ukuran Material dan Temperatur Pemanasan Awal terhadap Perolehan Minyak Biji Karet dengan Metode Pengepresan Berulir (screw pressing)”. Biji karet dibersihkan dan disortir dari kulitnya maupun kotoran kemudian diperkecil ukuran biji karet dengan variasi ukuran 100 mm (+ 10 mm), 50 mm (+ 10 mm) dan 100 mesh. Selanjutnya dipanaskan dengan variabel suhu 50oC, 60oC dan 70oC kemudian biji karet tersebut dipress dengan variabel kecepatan putar ulir 200 ppm. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat persentase terbesar pada variasi ukuran material 100 mesh dan suhu pemanasan awal 70 oC yaitu sebesar 10,11 %. Kadar air 0,2 %, densitas 0,920 gr/ml, dan viskositas 34,476 cp.Making Rubber Seed Oil From Rubber Bean With Using Screw Pressing Method: Product Analysis Calculation of Rendement, Determination of Water Content of Oil, Density Analysis, Viscosity Analysis, Analysis of Acid Numbers and Analysis of Plaque Rate Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) is which one of agriculture product many have developing economic country. Except of latex product, rubber of plantation to production rubber seeds to optimum used not yet. As see oil content on rubber seed is very high 45,63% so the rubber seed oil has wide potential aplication. To obtain oil from rubber seed, there are two methods commonly used for oil extraction from rubber seeds, which are mechanical pressing and solvent extraction. Two common methods of mechanical pressing can be used, which are hydraulic pressing and screw pressing. Screw pressing methode had been pretreatment consist of tempering. The objective of this research is to study the “effect of material size and preheating temperature on rubber seed oil yield using screw pressing methode. The rubber seeds are cleaned and the kernels are separated manually from the seeds. after that, rubber seed was size reducted with various 100 mm (+10 mm), 50 mm (+10 mm) and 100 mesh after that the rubber seeds preheatead with various temperatures 50oC, 60oC and 70oC. The next step is the pressing operation using screw speed 200 rpm. The higher result from research had oil yield persentation 10,11 % with variations material size at 100 mesh and preheating temperature 70oC.moisture content 0,2%, density 0,920 gr/ml, and viscosity 34,476 cp.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1813
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1813
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
MANFAAT LIMBAH BATANG JAGUNG DALAM PEMBUATAN PULP
Kusumayanti, Heny; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
U, Karismawan P; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Nila W, Tri Murti; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1813
en
Absract Existence of paper in human life is important, because paper has function to record science, commerce promotion, medium to extend opinion and idea, and etc. However substance of paper in this time is become thin. For that, we try making pulp from waste of corn’s stem with use soda process and the tool is digester. The colour of product pulp is brown, but after the washing the colour pulp is shine brown because of impurity in the pulp is solute after been washed. The pulp is analyzing more further, between bleaching process, analyses of number permanganate, analyses grade of a cellulose, and grade of ash. The colour of product pulp after bleaching is white brown, grade of α cellulose 48.32%, grade of ash 8.8%, number permanganate 8.184. Key word : corn’s stem, soda process, bleaching
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18200
2021-01-15T06:13:32Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18200
2021-01-15T06:13:32Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Cover
Metana, Editor
2016-06-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18200
en
Cover Juni i2016
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1905
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1905
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF' GAULTHERASE INACTIVATION KINETICS FOR THE GAULTHERIN PRODUCTION FROM WINTERGREEN (Gaulteria fragantissima)
Yulianto, Mohamad Endy Y; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP, Semarang
Hartati, Indah; Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang
yuniastuti, Ari; Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1905
en
Abstract Wintergreen (Gaultheria fragantissima) is the source of the essential oil of wintergreen which is comprised predominantly of methyl salicylic. During this time wintergreen is not yet economically developed because of the lack of the cultivation technology. One of effort that is needed to be studied beside the cultivation tecnology and the wintergren oil quality development is the product diversification. wintergreen comprised by far the highest concentration of both free salicylic and total salicylic acid which is expected of a plant known for the formation of the wintergreen oil, an essential oil consisting primarily of methyl salicylic. The concentration of total salicylate found in wintergreen is over 20 fold greater than the total salicylic concentration (salicylic and any derivates combined) found in Filipendula, and 100 fold greater than that found in Lemon Thyme. The active form of salicylic acid in wintergreen is Gaultherin. Gaultherin has many properties related to human health. Gaultherin consists of methyl salicylic conjugated to the disaccharide, primeverose. When plant tissues are disrupted the endogenous gaultherin is rapidly lost, presumably by enzymatic hydrolysis with the release of methyl salicylic. The problem is until this time there is not yet available an effective method for the gaultherin extraction. The difficulties faced on the gaultherin production are the fact that along the gaultherin extraction. and along with the disruption of the wintergreen tissue, the gaultherin is hydrolyzed into its individual components which are methyl salicylic and disaccharide. The alternative process for the gaultherin production from wintergreen is the gaultherin production process by enzyme inactivation and extraction process in an inactivation extractor using a n organic solvent (alcoholic solvent extraction). This paper is intended to study the enzyme inactivation rate which is play an important role in the dimension determination of the process equipments. Enzyme inactivation can be describes as first orde reaction. The enzyme inactivation constant kp is the temperature, pressure, and water concentration function. The dependency, model of the temperature based on Arhenius type while the pressure dependency is based on Eyring equation. Keywords : gaultherin, inactivation. kinetics
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/20329
2020-04-17T20:21:31Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20329
2020-04-17T20:21:31Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019; 13-18
Uji Stabilitas pH dari Daun Mangga Hasil Ekstraksi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometer
Elliana, Kartika Dian; Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Broto, R.T.D. Wisnu; Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2019-06-18 07:05:30
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20329
Ekstraksi; Daun Mangga; klorofil; Spectrofotometer; Extraction, Manggo Leaves; Chlorophyll
id
Ekstraksi merupakan proses pemisahan dan isolasi zat dari suatu zat dengan penambahan pelarut tertentu untuk mengeluarkan komponen campuran dari zat padat atau zat cair. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi klorofilid dari daun mangga untuk mengetahui stabilitas reduksi klorofil hasil ekstraksi berupa ekstrak dan rafinat. Ekstraksi klorofilid dilakukan dengan alat ekstraktor berpengaduk yaitu dengan memotong daun mangga 1 cm kemudian di ekstraksi dengan pelarut Aquadest 25%:75% Isopropil Alkohol. Pemilihan pelarut merupakan faktor yang menentukan dalam proses ekstraksi. Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pemilihan pelarut adalah selektivitas, sifat pelarut, kemampuan untuk mengekstraksi, tidak bersifat racun, mudah diuapkan dan harganya relatif murah. Karakteristik ekstrak klorofilid menggunakan spektrofotometer untuk mengetahui absorbansi klorofil optimum dalam suatu variabel ekstrak dan rafinat serta uji pH untuk mengetahui stabilitas pH yang baik untuk mereduksi klorofil daun mangga. Hasil absorbansi klorofil optimum pada suhu 60OC dan waktu 70 menit pada ekstrak dan hasil stabilitas pH untuk mereduksi klorofil didapatkan pada pH 9 asam serta pH 2 basa.Extraction is the process of separating and isolating substances from a substance by adding a particular solvent to remove a mixed component of a solid or a liquid. In this study, extraction of chlorophyllid from mango leaves to determine the stability of chlorophyll reduction in the extract and raffinate. Extraction of chlorophyllid was done by stirring extractor that is by cutting mango leaves 1 cm then in extraction with Aquadest solvent 25%: 75% Isopropyl Alcohol. Selection of solvents is a decisive factor in the extraction process. Things to note in the selection of solvents are the selectivity, the properties of the solvent, the ability to extract, not toxic, easily evaporated and the price is relatively cheap. Characteristics of chlorophyll extract using spectrophotometer to determine the absorbance of optimum chlorophyll in an extract and raffinate variables and pH test to find out good pH stability to reduce mango leaf chlorophyll. The optimum chlorophyll absorbance results at 60OC and 70 minutes on the extract and the pH stability result to reduce chlorophyll was found at pH 9 acid and pH 2 base.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4030
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4030
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
METANA
Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
KAJIAN KADAR TOTAL LIPID DAN KEPADATAN NITZSCHIA SP. YANG DIKULTUR DENGAN SALINITAS YANG BERBEDA
Widianingsih, Widianingsih; Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Kampus UNDIP Tembalang Semarang
Hartati, Retno; Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Kampus UNDIP Tembalang Semarang
Endrawati, Hadi; Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Kampus UNDIP Tembalang Semarang
M, Hilal; Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Kampus UNDIP Tembalang Semarang
2012-09-19 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4030
en
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kadar total lipid dan kepadatan pada mikroalga Nitzschia sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan salinitas 15, 20, 25, 30, dan 35 ppt (3 kali ulangan). . Nitzschia sp. dikultur pada skala laboratorium dengan pupuk F/2 dan dilakukan pemanenan setelah mencapai fase stasioner untuk kemudian diukur kadar total lipid. Perlakuan salinitas menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kepadatan Nitzschia sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt (37,32 x 106 sel/mL) dan rata-rata kepadatan terendah pada salinitas 30 ppt 1(8,62 x106 sel/mL). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diperoleh nilai rata-rata persentase kadar total lipid tertinggi terdapat pada salinitas 35 ppt (71,51 ± 5,35 %-dw) dan persentase rata-rata kadar total lipid terendah terdapat pada salinitas 15 ppt (13,26 ± 0.47 %-dw). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Nitzschia sp. dapat tumbuh pada salinitas 15 – 35 ppt dengan kepadatan tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt dan rata- rata persentase kadar total lipid tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt. Kata-kata kunci: Nitzschia sp., densitas, salinitas, kadar total lipid.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/32775
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/32775
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020; 47-54
Penyisihan Fluoride dan COD Air Limbah Industri Asam Fosfat Menggunakan Kombinasi Presipitasi dan Elektrokoagulasi
Setiawan, Adhi; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Arianingtyas, Nadya Ayu; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Mayangsari, Novi Eka; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Dewi, Tanti Utami; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
2020-11-22 06:20:45
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/32775
Elektrokoagulasi; Presipitasi; Fluoride; COD; Asam fosfat
id
Proses produksi asam fosfat menghasilkan air limbah dengan kandungan fluoride dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan jika tidak diolah secara tepat. Kandungan ion fluoride di dalam air dapat menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan manusia karena menyebabkan kerusakan pada gigi dan tulang. Kombinasi presipitasi dan elektrokoagulasi merupakan salah satu alternatif yang efektif untuk menurunkan kandungan fluoride dan COD. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pH presipitasi, tegangan, dan waktu kontak terhadap penyisihan fluoride dan COD pada limbah industri fosfat menggunakan metode presipitasi dan elektrokoagulasi. Proses presipitasi dan elektrokoagulasi dilakukan secara batch. Presipitan menggunakan bahan berupa Ca(OH)2 sedangkan proses elektrokoagulasi menggunakan elektroda aluminium yang tersusun secara monopolar. Pengaturan pH presipitasi menggunakan pH 5, 7, dan 9. Elektrokoagulasi menggunakan variasi waktu kontak 40, 50, dan 60 menit. Variasi tegangan listrik 17, 22, dan 27 V. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pH meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan pada proses presipitasi. Peningkatan nilai tegangan listrik dan waktu kontak menyebabkan peningkatan efisiensi penyisihan fluoride dan COD. Efisiensi tertinggi pada proses penyisihan fluoride dan COD diperoleh pada kondisi pH 9, waktu kontak 60 menit dan tegangan 27 volt dengan nilai efisiensi penyisihan fluoride sebesar 99,84% dan efisiensi penyisihan COD sebesar 56,35%. The production process of phosphoric acid produces wastewater containing fluoride and COD which has the potential to pollute the environment if not treated properly. The content of fluoride ions in water can be a serious threat to human health because it causes damage to teeth and bones. The combination of precipitation and electrocoagulation is an effective alternative to reduce fluoride and COD content. This study aims to analyze the effect of pH of precipitation, voltage, and contact time on fluoride and COD removal in industrial phosphate waste using precipitation and electrocoagulation methods. The precipitation and electrocoagulation processes are carried out in batches. Precipitant uses a material in the form of Ca (OH) 2, while the electrocoagulation process uses aluminum electrodes that are arranged monopolarly. Setting the pH of the precipitation using pH 5, 7, and 9. Electrocoagulation using a variation of contact time 40, 50, and 60 minutes. Electric voltage variations 17, 22, and 27 V. The results showed that increasing pH increased the removal efficiency in the precipitation process. Increasing the value of the power supply voltage and contact time led to an increase in the efficiency of fluoride and COD removal. The highest efficiency in fluoride and COD removal process was obtained at conditions of pH 9, contact time of 60 minutes and a voltage of 27 volts with a fluoride removal efficiency value of 99.84% and COD removal efficiency of 56.35%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6836
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6836
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
PERANAN K 3 DALAM MANAJEMEN BENCANA
Sutanto, Sutanto; Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6836
en
A disaster is an event that occurs suddenly and is continuing that adversely affect the normal pattern of life or damage to the ecosystem. It is required emergency action and incredible to help and save people's lives and their environment. The incident could damage the structure and function of the crippling, resulting in damage and losses of lives and objects and facilities of community life. Disaster management is all efforts are embodied in an activity or series of activities undertaken to eliminate in part or all of the disaster and its impact and avoid the disaster that impacts can be minimized. Keywords : disarter management, mitigation, early worning
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/40204
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/40204
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021; 61-68
Pembuatan Karbon Aktif dari Limbah Plastik PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) Menggunakan Aktivator KOH
Oko, Syarifuddin; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Mustafa, Mustafa; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Kurniawan, Andri; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Norfitria, Lintang; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
2021-12-02 14:53:41
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/40204
aktivasi fisika kimia; aktivator KOH; karbon aktif; plastik PET
id
Pengunaan plastik setiap hari mengakibatkan terjadinya penumpukan sampah plastik yang dapat mencemari lingkungan dan menjadi salah satu masalah serius yang harus ditangani karena plastik tidak dapat terdegradasi. Plastik merupakan senyawa yang unsur penyusun utamanya adalah karbon dan hidrogen. Sehingga limbah plastik berpotensi sebagai pembuatan karbon aktif dan akan membuat limbah plastik menjadi lebih bermanfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi aktivator dan waktu aktivasi terhadap proses aktivasi fisika kimia sehingga menghasilkan produk karbon aktif yang sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-1995. Plastik PET terlebih dahulu dikarbonasi pada temperatur 480oC selama 2 jam menggunakan furnace hingga membentuk arang. Lalu, direndam dalam aseton selama 24 jam. Setelah itu disaring dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada temperatur 110oC selama 3 jam dan dilanjutkan dengan proses aktivasi fisika pada temperatur 750oC selama 2 jam. Karbon yang telah teraktivasi fisika selanjutnya diaktivasi secara kimia dengan menggunakan KOH konsentrasi 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, dan 4M dengan variasi waktu 2 jam dan 4 jam. Diperoleh hasil terbaik yaitu pada karbon aktif dengan konsentrasi KOH 4 M dan waktu aktivasi 2 jam dengan nilai daya serap iod sebesar 980,17 mg/g, kadar abu 0,28%, kadar air 7,55%, dan kadar volatile matter 3,47%. Karbon aktif yang diperoleh telah memenuhi SNI 06-3730-1995.The use of plastic every day results in the accumulation of plastic waste that can pollute the environment and was a serious problem that must be addressed because plastic cannot be degraded. Plastic was a compound whose main constituent elements were carbon and hydrogen. So that plastic waste has the potential to produce activated carbon and will make plastic waste more useful. This study aims to determine the effect of activator concentration and activation time on the physical-chemical activation process so as to produce activated carbon products in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995. PET plastik was first carbonated at a temperature of 480oC for 2 hours using a furnace to form charcoal. Then, soaked in acetone for 24 hours. After that it was filtered and dried using an oven at a temperature of 110oC for 3 hours and continued with the physical activation process at a temperature of 750oC for 2 hours. The physically activated carbon was then chemically activated using KOH concentrations of 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, and 4 M with time variations of 2 hours and 4 hours. The best results were obtained on activated carbon with a concentration of KOH 4 M and an activation time of 2 hours with an iodine absorption value of 980.17 mg/g, 0.28% ash content, 7.55% water content, and volatile matter levels 3,47%. Activated carbon obtained has complied with SNI 06-3730-1995.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7613
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7613
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
POTENSI BIOGAS MELALUI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADAT PADA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH BANGKA BOTANICAL GARDEN PANGKALPINANG
Widyastuti, Fianda Revina; Program Magister Ilmu Lingkungan Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Imam Bardjo SH No.5 Semarang
Purwanto, Purwanto; Program Magister Ilmu Lingkungan Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Imam Bardjo SH No.5 Semarang
Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto; Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7613
en
Abstract At integrated farming areas Bangka Botanical Garden Pangkalpinang treating some of solid waste mixed with biogas digester will be used as fuel gas stove. Existing conditions in the dairy cattle by using the solid waste with 132 kg / day means at least they still used solid waste of 5 cows, so the biogas produced only 1 m3 / day. This paper is studyng about the energy’s need, economic and environments aspec in solid waste treatment to biogas and also about biogas management to provides the electricity need in the BBG Farm. The study is descriptive. The data have been taken from observation, measurement and interview with the farmer as the informan. Biogas produced can be used as lighting 60-100 watts for 50 hours, the driving source of energy 1 PK for 17 hours, producing 39 kWh electric energy and be able to cook 3 dishes for 40-48 servings. To produce 39.48 kWh / day, it can be used as a source of electrical energy BBG farm that has 35 lights with 25 watts of power which is lit for 12 hours / day. Up for lighting requires 10 kWh / day. For milking machine with 0.55 watts power usage requires 1.1 watts 2 times the rest can be used as a motor to move the water pump, lawn mower and activity classification. The BBG Farm need to increase the efficiency of utilization of biogas digester or biodigester everaging 1 unit abandoned and improve lighting installation connection using biogas. Keywords: biogas,cattle, energy,potential.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/47483
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/47483
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 2 (2022): Desember 2022; 83-92
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Larutan Asam Klorida terhadap Sifat Bahan Magnetik Pasir Besi Pantai Muara Kencan
Prasdiantika, Ricka; Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pandanaran
Agustin, Niyar Candra; Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pandanaran
Purwaningrum, Shintawati Dyah; Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pandanaran
2022-11-10 13:46:13
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/47483
pasir besi; kristalinitas; konsentrasi; larutan asam klorida; Pantai Muara Kencan
id
Besi banyak digunakan pada berbagai bidang seperti konstruksi, industri semen, dan industri baja, sehingga kebutuhan bahan baku besi semakin meningkat. Besi di alam banyak ditemukan pada pasir besi. Pasir besi masih banyak mengandung pengotor sehingga dibutuhkan treatment seperti dicuci dengan larutan asam untuk mengurangi komposisi pengotor, meningkatkan komposisi besi, dan meningkatkan kristalinitas. Penggunaan larutan asam pada konsentrasi tinggi dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya kandungan besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dari konsentrasi larutan asam klorida terhadap sifat dari bahan magnetik pasir besi. Sampel berasal dari Pantai Muara Kencan Kabupaten Kendal. Bahan magnetik dicuci dengan akuades dan larutan asam klorida dengan konsentrasi yaitu 0,5; 1; 2; dan 4 M dalam sonikator selama 30 menit. Karakterisasi bahan dilakukan menggunakan X-Ray Difraktometer untuk mengidentifikasi kristalinitas dan ukuran kristal, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer untuk mengidentifikasi gugus fungsional, dan X-Ray Fluoresence untuk mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur yang terkandung dalam bahan. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan spektofotometer menunjukkan bahwa pencucian bahan magnetik dengan larutan asam klorida pada berbagai konsentrasi tidak mengubah jenis oksida besinya yang berupa magnetit. Hasil dari karakterisasi menggunakan XRF menunjukkan pencucian bahan magnetik dengan larutan asam klorida pada berbagai konsentrasi mampu meningkatkan komposisi dari unsur Fe. Kondisi optimum terjadi pada pencucian dengan konsentrasi larutan asam klorida 1 M yang menghasilkan kristalinitas sebesar 78,23% dan komposisi unsur Fe sebesar 82,69%. Iron was used in various fields such as construction, cement industry, and steel industry, so the need for iron raw bahans was increasing. Iron in nature was found in iron sand. The iron sand was washed with acid solution to reduced the impurity composition, increase the iron composition, and increase the crystallinity of the bahan. The used of acidic solutions at high concentrations can lead to reduced iron content. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of hydrochloric acid solution on the properties of the iron sand magnetic bahan. The sample came from Muara Kencan Beach, Kendal Regency. Magnetic bahan was washed with distilled water and HCl solution with a concentration of 0.5; 1; 2; and 4 M in a sonicator for 30 min. Bahan characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffractometer to identify crystallinity and crystal size, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer to identify functional groups, and X-Ray Fluorescence to identify elements contained in the bahan. The results of FTIR and XRD characterization showed that washing of magnetic bahan with HCl solution at various concentrations did not change the type of iron oxide in the form of magnetite. The results of XRF characterization showed that washing of magnetic bahan with HCl solution at various concentrations was able to increase the composition of the Fe element. Optimum conditions occurred in washing with a concentration of 1 M HCl solution which resulted in crystallinity of 78.23% and elemental composition of 82.69% Fe.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11043
2021-01-15T06:12:29Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11043
2021-01-15T06:12:29Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
Daftar Isi
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11043
en
Daftar Isi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/13037
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/13037
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
EKSTRAKSI GLUKOMANAN DARI PORANG LOKAL (Amorphophallus oncophyllus dan Amorphophallus muerelli blume)
Aryanti, Nita; Fakultas Teknik, Departmen Teknik Kimia, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
Kampus Undip Tembalang, Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Semarang
Abidin, Kharis Yohan; Fakultas Teknik, Departmen Teknik Kimia, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
Kampus Undip Tembalang, Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Semarang
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/13037
Abstrak Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus dan Amorphophallus muerelli blume) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang memiliki potensial baik secara teknologi maupun secara komersial dalam segi medis, industri serta pangan. Porang memiliki kandungan glukomannan yang tinggi, yaitu sebesar 45-65%. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada ekstraksi dua jenis umbi porang yaitu porang putih (Amorphophallus oncophyllus ) dan porang kuning (Amorphophallus muerelli blume) dengan tujuan menentukan yield ekstraksi glukomannan dan mendapatkan karakteristik glukomannan meliputi kadar glukomannan, morfologi dengan SEM dan gugus fungsi dengan FTIR. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui 4 tahap, yaitu (1) tahap pembentukan tepung porang, (2) tahap analisa tepung porang, (3) tahap ekstraksi glukomannan dari tepung porang, dan (4) analisa produk glukomannan. Variabel kendali dalam penelitian meliputi : suhu operasi 75%, kecepatan pengadukan 4000 rpm, dan waktu ekstraksi 15 menit. Variabel bebasnya berupa jenis tepung porang (porang putih dan porang putih), dan jenis pelarut (alumunium sulfat dan air, etanol). Produk kemudian di analisa dengan kadar KGM (konjac glukomannan), struktur molekul dengan FTIR (fourier transform infra red), dan morfologi dengan SEM (scanning electron microscope). Untuk tepung porang putih memiliki kadar air 13,477%, kadar abu 4,612%, kadar pati 47,554%, kadar amilosa 17,536%. Sedangkan untuk porang kuning memiliki kadar air 12,326%, kadar abu 3,901%, kadar pati 5,598%, kadar amilosa 16,948%. Untuk hasil ekstraksi dari tepung porang putih dengan pelarut air diperoleh kadar glukomannan 73,70% dan untuk pelarut etanol diperoleh kadar glukomannan sebesar 64,67%. Analisa morfologi tepung glukomannan porang putih dan kuning untuk pelarut air menghasilkan panjang gelombang yang lebih besar dibandingkan pelarut etanol pada panjang gelombang 3000-3700 cm-1. Hasil analisa struktur permukaan pada tepung glukomannan porang putih dan porang kuning dengan pelarut air memiliki bentuk permukaan oval yang persebarannya tidak seragam tanpa adanya struktur jarum, sedangkan dengan pelarut etanol memiliki struktur jarum yang merupakan struktur Ca-oksalat. Kata Kunci : glukomannan, Porang, ekstraksi AbstractPorang is one of the plants having high glucomannan content, about 45-65% which is potentially applied both in medical or food industry. This study focused on the extraction of the two types of porang, white porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) and yellow Porang (Amorphophallus blume muerelli). The aim of this study is to determine the yield of glucomannan extraction and its characteristics including the levels of glucomannan, morphology and specific functional groups. This research comprosed (1) the formation of porang flour, (2) the analysis of porang flour, (3) the extraction of glucomannan from porang flour, and (4) analysis of glukomannan product. The control variables were temperature of 75oC, stirring speed of 4000 rpm, and the extraction time for 15 minutes. The product was analyzed by levels of KGM (konjac glucomannan), FTIR (fourier transform infra red) for specific fungtional groups, and particle morphology with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). White porang flour had moisture content of 13.477%, 4.612% ash content, 47.554% starch content, and 17.536% amylose content. While for the yellow porang, the moisture content of 12.326%, ash content of 3.901%, 5.598% starch content, and 16.948% amylose content were found. The extract from white porang flour with water solvent obtained glucomannan levels of 73.70% and for ethanol solvent obtained glaucoma-nnan levels of 64.67%. Analysis of morphology of the glucomannan flour from white and yellow porang with water solvent produce greater wavelength than the one extracted with ethanol solvent at 3000-3700 cm-1. Results of analysis on surface structures is the glucomannan flour from white and yellow porang with solvent water has a non-uniform oval surface shape without needle structure, whereas the glucomannan flour with ethanol solvent has a needle structure reprensenting a structure of Ca-oxalate. Keyword: Glucomannan, Porang, Extraction
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/58369
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/58369
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023; 100-110
Karakteristik Ethylene Scavanger dalam perubahan Susut Bobot, Kadar Air, Total Padatan Terlarut, dan pH pada Pisang Ambon
Kesuma, Aditya Arival; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
Silvia, Deli; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
2023-12-22 01:30:44
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/58369
ethylene scavanger; KMnO4; Ambon banana; clay; zeolite
id
Pisang Ambon memiliki umur simpan yang terbatas dan cepat rusak, sehingga tidak mungkin disimpan dalam waktu lama dan terjaga kesegarannya. Produksi gas etilen merupakan faktor yang mempercepat kematangan buah. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai penggunaan ethylene scavenger berupa KMNO4 + tanah liat dan Zeolit untuk menunda kematangan buah pisang Ambon Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa karakterisasi ethylene scavenger pada buah pisang Ambon Pengujian yang dilakukan berupa susut bobot, kadar air, total padatan terlarut dan pH. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan membuat formulasi ethylene scavenger menggunakan 3 variasi konsentrasi KMnO4 + tanah liat (0, 10g, 30g, dan 90g) dan 2 variasi konsentrasi KMnO4 + Zeolit (0g, 3g dan 6g). Kemudian ethylene scavenger diaplikasikan ke buah pisang dengan masa simpan selama 12 hari. Pengujian dilakukan setelah 3, 6, dan 12 hari dengan dua kali pengulangan. Nilai persentase susut bobot yang didapatkan sebesar 53%, nilai kadar air 31.5%, total padatan terlarut 24%, dan nilai pH 6. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian bahwa susut bobot, kadar air, total padatan terlarut dan pH mencapai nilai terbaik pada formulasi ethylene scavenger KMnO4 + tanah liat 10g.Ambon bananas have a limited shelf life and spoil quickly, making it impossible to store for a long time and maintain freshness. Ethylene gas production is a factor that accelerates fruit maturity. Research has been conducted on the use of ethylene scavenger in the form of KMnO4 + clay and Zeolite to delay the maturity of Ambon banana fruit. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characterization of ethylene scavenger on Ambon banana fruit. The research method used was to make ethylene scavenger formulation using 3 variations of KMnO4 + clay concentration (0, 10g, 30g, and 90g) and 2 variations of KMnO4 + Zeolite concentration (0g, 3g and 6g). Then ethylene scavenger was applied to banana fruit with a shelf life of 12 days. Tests were conducted after 3, 6, and 12 days with two repetitions. The percentage value of weight loss obtained was 53%, the value of moisture content was 31.5%, the total soluble solids was 24%, and the pH value was 6. The results obtained from the test that weight loss, moisture content, total soluble solids and pH reached the best value in the ethylene scavenger formulation KMnO4 + Clay 10g.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1667
2021-01-15T06:20:51Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1667
2021-01-15T06:20:51Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
Pengantar Redaksi
Kusumayanti, Heny
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1667
en
Pengantar Redaksi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9751
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9751
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016; 31-38
Proses Pembuatan Etanol Dari Gula Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Amobil
Widyanti, Emmanuela M; Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Moehadi, Bintang Iwhan; Politeknik Negeri Bandung
2018-02-14 15:23:16
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9751
Immobilized cell; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; fermentation; bio-catalyst
en
Abstrak Etanol merupakan bahan kimia yang mempunyai kegunaan sangat luas, didapatkan secara fermentasi menggunakan substrat bahan mengandung gula, bio-katalis dari khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang diamobilisasi. Saat ini fermentasi lebih banyak menggunakan bio-katalis dari khamir sebagai sel bebas dan proses secara batch, penggunan sel amobil dengan proses kontinyu belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan substrat sukrosa, glukosa dan gula cair, bio-katalis dari khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang diamobilisasi, dilakukan dalam reaktor kolom. Sel amobil didapatkan dengan melakukan pencampuran Saccharomyces cereviseae sebagai inokulum pada kurva pertumbuhan logaritmik 18 jam dicampur Na Alginat 8 % dalam larutan CaCl2 2 %. Proses fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan reaktor kolom pada laju alir substrat 6 mL/menit dan waktu tinggal 41,03 menit dengan sistem kontinyu. Hasil dianalisa setiap 30 menit, dari menit ke-0 sampai 240, didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut, sukrosa mengalami penurunan 8,64–7,88 % dan pembentukan etanol 0–3,11 %, sedangkan penurunan glukosa 8,45–7,08% dan kenaikan etanol 0–4,46 %, gula cair terjadi penurunan 8,45–6,94 % dan kenaikan etanol 0–4,46 %, pengujian dilakukan menggunakan brixmeter dan etanol sensor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan penurunan substrat tidak terlalu significant, sedangkan pembentukan etanol pada substrat glukosa dan gula cair tidak banyak perbedaan , karena gula cair yang digunakan mempunyai kemurnian tinggi. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan bahwa Saccharomyces cerevisieae amobil dapat digunakan sebagai bio – katalis dalam pembentukan etanol, hasil yang didapatkan lebih murni dan bio –katalis dapat digunakan lebih dari satu kali. Production Etanol From Sugar With Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Immobilized Etanol is very useful chemical material. Made by Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized. The most method of etanol fermentation is Saccharomyces cerevisiae by batch fermentation processes. Another method called immobilized is not familiar. This research was done in column-reactor using substrat sucrose, glucose and liquid sugar. Immobilized cell is produced by mixed Saccharomyces cerevisiae at logaritmic growth curve 18 hour with Na Alginat 18 % and liquid CaCl2 2 %. Flow rate of substrat 6 mL/minutes and residence time 41.03 minutes in continuous system. The result of product analyzed every 30 minutes (0–240 minutes) : sucrose decreasing 8.64–7.88 %, etanol produced 0–3.11 %, glucose decreasing 8.45–7.08 %, etanol produced 0–4.46 %, liquid sugar 8.45–6.94 %, etanol increasing 0–4.46 %, measured by brixmeter and etanol sensor. The result of the research : differences of substrat decreasing is not significant, etanol product from glucose and liquid sugar not significant because the purity of liquid sugar is high. The conclusion of the research is Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized can be use as bio-catalyst in etanol production, the product is have good purity and bio-catalyst can be used more than once.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1798
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1798
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
PENGAWETAN IKAN BANDENG (CHANOS-CHANOS FORSK) TINGGI LISIN DENGAN PENGASAPAN CAIR DAN PENAMBAHAN SENYAWA ANTI MIKROBIA DAN ANTIOKSIDAN DARI DAUN SIRIH TINGGI OLEORESIN (piper bitttle Linn) DALAM BENTUK KAPSUL
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknih UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1798
en
Abstracl On this reaseach have observed liquid smoke's ability to pursue microbe activity, antimicrobe and antioxidant compounds in betel oleoresin, give preservation by purse microorganism's growth on chanos-chanos forsk. Fis submerge process by liquid smoke with bettle oleoresin submerge on presmoking, give optimum result in preserve time eight weeks lysine value 26,56 mg/100 g, with TVB value 7,66 mgN/100 g and microorhanism 9,5 x 12 CFU/g. Reach on submerge with liquid smoke 4 % concentration, during 15 minutes, and submerge with liquid smoke 4% concentration during I0 minutes. Result above have contribution with sensoric examine of rather hard to hard texture and very like flavor Keywords : Liquid Smoke - oleoresin sirih- Bandeng Fish
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1859
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1859
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
Baja Tulangan pada Bangunan Gedung
Dharma, Budhi; Jurusan Teknik Sipil PSD III Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1859
en
Abstract In a building structure, concrete need addition capable to arrest, detain attractive force to arise in the system that is bone steel. Bone steel can in the form of weaved steel strand of metal network or bar and cross of matting, and use by plate construction, other structure and listplank, Interesting strand of metal minimum ultimit become militant 170 = 1700 Mpa, and strand 180= 1800 Mpa. Nature of physical become militant bone that is tension melt, and elastic modulus, can be seen by tension diagram and steel bone bar strain, and specification for iron used by standard of JIS nad PBI 197l. For the iron of artless iron and also thread of quality determined by nature of ats chemical formation and physical installation of bone have to fulfill economic and technical requipment, because concrete iron reprsent costly shares at reinforce concrete system. Extention out down by place which shouldering smallest momen effect of encumbering, by tacking on gasses and mechanic. Depository of bone steel conducted in such a manner to be able to prevent distortion, corrosion, damage and contamination. Key word : bone steel.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/21389
2020-04-17T20:21:23Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/21389
2020-04-17T20:21:23Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018; 49-54
Efektifitas Pemakaian Solvent Sebagai Pelarut Formula Insektisida Dalam Membasmi Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Guna Mencegah Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue
Supriyo, Edy; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Nugraheni, Fransisca Sri; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Broto, R.T.D. Wisnu; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-12-10 07:22:52
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/21389
Formulation; dengue fever; incestiside; formulation; demam berdarah; insektisida
en
Formula yang ada dipasar bebas hanya dapat membunuh nyamuk saja, maka dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan Produksi formulasi insektisida sebagai insektisida alternative pembunuh nyamuk dan jentik, dimana agrisol dan dodecyl benzen sulfonat merupakan emulsifier nonionic dan anionic sert bersifat hydrophilic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi emusifier yang tepat dalam proses formulasi insektisida, sehingga kestabilan emulsi antara minyak dengan air dalam waktu yang cukup lama Pada percobaan pembuatan emulsifier konsentrat kemudian dilakukan uji kestabilan emulsi antara minyak dan air serta uji effikasi Maka dapat diproduksi formula yang digunakan sebagai bahan dasar insektisida dalam membasmi nyamuk dan jentik nyamuk Aedes aigepty. Disamping itu juga dapat menjadi formula obat nyamuk (insektisida) alternatif yang mudah diaplikasikan oleh masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa emulsifier concentrat yang terbaik adalah pada percobaan dengan formula komposisi: 17,38% propoxure; Malathion 17,39% agrisol; 13,01% DBS, 47,83 % Xyline dan 4,35% additive dalam % berat. Dengan total emulsifier yang digunakan 30,5 % w/w equivalent dengan 30 EC Dari uji kestabilan antara minyak dan air didapat pelarut yang terbaik adalah thiner, dengan membentuk micro emulsi pada lapisan air sampai 12 minggu lebih, kestabilan emulsi tercapai pada CMC 0,42 % v/v pada lapisan minyak. Dari uji effikasi dengan pengencer thiner sebanyak 10x setelah dianalisa profitabilitas sesuai LD 50, didapat dosis . 0,025 -0,25 % (v/v), baik untuk telur nyamuk maupun jentik Aedes aegypti dengan prosentasi kemation 45-90% Effectiveness of Solvent Usage as a Solvent for Insecticide Formula in Eradicating Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes to Prevent Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Pesticide formulation which are available in market are only killed the mosquitos but not the larvae. Therefore Production formulation of insecticide as inscticide alternative to eridicate mosquitos and its larvae with agrisol and dodecyl benzen sulfonat as emulsifier nonionic and anionic hydrophilic. The reseach work was aimed to determine the best emulcifier concentrate in pesticide formulation so that the emulsion of oil and water will be stable for a long time. In reseach work the emulsifier concentrate was made, than emulsion stability test between oil and water as well as its effectivity were condected. This formulation could be used as active engridient for insecticide to kill Aedes aigepty mosquitos and its larvae and could be applied in the community. The research showed that formulation consist of komposisi: 17,38% propoxure; Malathion 17,39% agrisol; 13,01% DBS, 47,83 % Xyline dan 4,35% additive dalam % berat. Dengan total emulsifier yang digunakan 30,5 % w/w equivalent 30% w/w. Stability test of oil and water showed that the best solvent is thiner, and formed micro emulsi on water film for more than 12 week. Emulsion was stable by CMC 0,42 % v/v on oil film. From effication test and than analysis profitability revealed that LD 50, was . 0,025 -0,25 % (v/v), both for larvae and mosquitos presented dead 45-90%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/3856
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3856
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
PEMBUATAN MODEL INDIKATOR TEMPERATUR-WAKTU UNTUK MONITORING KUALITAS PRODUK UDANG DAN DAGING SAPI BEKU
Pudjihastuti, Isti; PSD 3 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Susanti, Margaretha Tuti; PSD 3 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3856
en
Abstract Freezing is one way of preserving food for maintaining the quality before consumption. Frozen foods which are now circulating in the supermarket are not given yet a tool to monitor whether the food is never experienced thawing (melting) for some period. In the frozen product that has undergone uncontrolled thawing will increase microbial content rapidly at increasing temperature 10 0C. In this study the temperature-time estimator tool manufactured for frozen beef products and shrimp. This estimator tool consists of citric acid and blue litmus paper. The response will appear in blue litmus paper that changes the color becomes red when positioned at the undesired temperature. In this study, the temperature-time estimator tool is made from citric acid 1.1%, cotton and litmus paper packed in cellophane. The response is influenced by the position of estimator tool and this tool-time temperature estimator can be applied for frozen beef products and shrimp. Keywords: beef, frozen, indicators, shrimp
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/29977
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/29977
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020; 19-25
Penambahan Gliserol terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Komposit Pati Aren dan Glukomanan
Purnavita, Sari; Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Subandriyo, Dyionisius Yoga; Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Anggraeni, Ayu; Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
2020-05-30 20:47:26
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/29977
bioplastik; glukomanan; pati aren; gliserol
id
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio glukomanan dan pati aren dengan penambahan gliserol terhadap karakteristik bioplastik yang dihasilkan. Pembuatan bioplastik dilakukan dengan mencampurkan larutan glukomanan dan larutan pati aren, selanjutnya dilakukan penambahan gliserol dan poli vinil alkohol. Campuran tersebut dipanaskan pada suhu 80°C selama 20 menit, hasil pencampuran kemudian dimasukkan cetakan dan dikeringkan dengan oven hingga menjadi lembaran, Selanjutnya bioplastik tersebut diuji karakteristiknya yang meliputi ketahanan air, tensile strength dan tensile elongation. Rasio glukomanan terhadap pati aren yaitu 1:0,5 ; 1:1 ; 1:1,5 ; dan 1:2 Serta jumlah penambahan gliserol yaitu : 0 ml dan 10 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai rasio glukomanan dan pati aren dengan penambahan gliserol berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik bioplastik. Pada penambahan gliserol 0 ml (tanpa gliserol), komposit bioplastik dengan perbandingan glukomanan : pati aren sebesar 1:1 menghasilkan nilai ketahanan terhadap air yang tertinggi , nilai tensile strength yang cukup tinggi, dan morfologi yang baik, tetapi nilai tensile elongation rendah. Sedangkan pada percobaan dengan penambahan gliserol 10 ml, komposit bioplastik dengan perbandingan glukomanan : pati aren sebesar 1:1 menghasilkan nilai tensile elongatiom yang tertinggi, morfologi bagus tetapi nilai tensile strength dan ketahanan airnya rendah. Aim of this research to determine the effect of glucomannan ratio and sugar palm starch with the addition of glycerol to the bioplastic characteristics. Making of bioplastics by mixing glucomannan solution and sugar palm starch solution, then addition of glycerol and polyvinyl alcohol. The mixture is heated at 80° C for 20 minutes, the result of mixing afer that put into a mold and dried in the oven until it becomes a sheet. After that, the characteristics of the bioplastics were tested which included water resistance, tensile strength and tensile elongation. The ratio of glucomannan to sugar palm starch is 1:0.5; 1:1; 1:1,5; and 1:2 And the amount of glycerol addition are: 0 ml and 10 ml. The results showed that the ratio of sugar palm starch and glucomannan with the addition of glycerol affected the bioplastic characteristics. At the addition of glycerol 0 ml, bioplastic composites with glucomane: palm starch ratio of 1:1 produce the highest water resistance value, high tensile strength value, and good morfology but low tensile elongation value. Whereas in experiments with the addition of 10 ml of glycerol, bioplastic composites with a glucomane: palm starch ratio of 1:1 produced the highest tensile elongatiom value and good morfology result but the value of tensile strength and water resistance was low
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6806
2021-01-15T06:17:14Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6806
2021-01-15T06:17:14Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
Daftar Isi
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6806
en
Daftar Isi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/38851
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/38851
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021; 35-40
Sifat Fisik Pati Ganyong Hasil Modifikasi Cross Linking Menggunakan Natrium Asetat
Khikmah, Nur; Universitas PGRI Semarang
Muflihati, Iffah; Universitas PGRI Semarang
Affandi, Arief Rakhman; Universitas PGRI Semarang
Nurdyansyah, Fafa; Universitas PGRI Semarang
2021-06-02 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/38851
Cross Linking; Natrium Asetat; Pati Ganyong
id
Ganyong adalah salah satu jenis umbi yang memiliki kadar pati sebanyak 90% dengan kadar gula hanya 10%. Pati ganyong miliki kandungan amilosa sebanyak 24% dengan amilopektin 76%. Pemanfaatan pati ganyong secara alami masih terbatas, dimana memiliki ukuran granula yang besar, swelling power yang rendah, tidak tahan terhadap pH tinggi serta tekanan tinggi. Modifikasi pati bertujuan untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik ataupun kimia pati secara alami. Modifikasi pati dapat dilakukan dengan 3 cara yakni fisik, kimia serta enzimatik. Modfikasi kimia dapat dilakukan dengan cara esterifikasi, enterifikasi, oksidasi, hidrolisis serta cross linking. Modifikasi cross linking dapat memperbaiki sifat dari pati ganyong menjadi tahan terhadap tekanan mekanis dan asam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh modifikasi cross linking pati ganyong dengan menggunakan natrium asetat terhadap sifat fisik dan kemampuan dalam menyerap air dan minyak. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 faktor yakni konsentrasi dan lama pencampuran natrium asetat. Analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yakni sineresis, OBC, WBC, densitas kamba serta pH. Modifikasi cross linking pati ganyong berpegaruh terhadap parameter yang diukur, dimana semakin tingginya konsentrasi natrium asetat maka pH pati modifikasi meningkat. Begitupula parameter WBC, OBC, sineresis serta densitas kamba. Selain itu, perlakuan terbaik dari modifikasi cross linking didapatkan oleh konsentrasi natrium asetat sebanyak 23,5% dan lama waktu 20 menit dengan nilai OBC 10,9 dan pH 11,81. Peningkatan nilai OBC pada pati modifikasi menunjukan adanya komponen penyusun yang bersifat lipofilik pada komponen penyusunya. Sementara itu, peningkatan nilai pH tidak berdampak pada sifat gelatinisasi pada pati modifikasi. Canna is one type of tuber that has a starch content of 90% with a sugar content of only 10%. Canna starch contains amylose as much as 24% with amylopectin 76%. The utilization of natural canna starch is still limited, which has a large granule size, low swelling power, is not resistant to high pH and high pressure. Modification of starch aims to improve the physical or chemical properties of starch naturally. Modification of starch can be done in 3 ways, namely physical, chemical and enzymatic. Chemical modification can be done by esterification, enterification, oxidation, hydrolysis and cross linking. Modification of cross linking can improve the properties of canna starch to be resistant to mechanical stress and acid. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of modifying the cross linking of canna starch using sodium acetate on the physical properties and the ability to absorb water and oil. This study used a completely randomized design with 2 factors, namely the concentration and duration of mixing sodium acetate. The analyzes carried out in this study were syneresis, OBC, WBC, kamba density and pH. Modification of cross linking canna starch has an effect on the measured parameters, where the higher the concentration of sodium acetate, the pH of the modified starch increases. Likewise parameters WBC, OBC, syneresis and density of kamba. In addition, the best treatment of modified cross linking was obtained by sodium acetate concentration of 23.5% and a duration of 20 minutes with an OBC value of 10.9 and a pH of 11.81. The increase in OBC value in modified starch indicated the presence of lipophilic constituents in the constituent components. Meanwhile, increasing the pH value did not affect the gelatinization properties of modified starch.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7210
2021-01-15T06:16:56Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7210
2021-01-15T06:16:56Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
PEDOMAN PENULISAN NASKAH JURNAL METANA
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7210
en
PEDOMAN PENULISAN NASKAH JURNAL METANA
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/45646
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/45646
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 46-56
Uji Kinerja Mesin Pemotong Botol Plastik Portabel Semi Otomatis
Agussationo, Yudhi; Program Studi Teknik Listrik, Politeknik Jambi
Idris, Mahmud; Program Studi Teknik Elektronika, Politeknik Jambi
2022-06-17 01:55:48
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/45646
Prototipe; Pemotong Plastik; Budidaya Bettafish; Mikrokontroler
id
Botol air mineral berukuran 1500 mL merupakan media botol berbahan plastik yang paling dominan digunakan oleh petani ikan hias jenis bettafish untuk proses pembesaran atau sortir ikan sebelum dipasarkan. Media ini digunakan karena beberapa kelebihan antara lain, harga relative murah, barang mudah ditemukan, serta tidak memerlukan lahan yang luas dalam penempatan. Media budidaya menggunakan botol air mineral 1500 mL ini tidak dapat langsung digunakan petani, melainkan harus dilakukan proses modifikasi. Proses modifikasi melalui pemotongan pada sisi bagian atas botol dengan ukuran bervariasi. Ukuran ideal dari mayoritas petani bettafish berukuran tinggi 17-20 cm. Proses modifikasi botol ini secara umum masih dilakukan secara manual. Secara umum petani bettafish membutuhkan dua ribu hingga lima ribu botol sekali panen. Hal ini tentu berdampak pada kesulitan petani dalam mempersiapkan media siap pakai jika masih menggunakan metode manual. Proses pemotongan manual juga masih terdapat kekurangan antara lain memerlukan waktu potong yang lama untuk jumlah yang lebih banyak, hasil potongan tidak rapi yang berdampak pada volume air yang tidak standar, selain juga dapat mengakibatkan sisi-sisi media yang tidak rata / tajam. Solusinya adalah dengan rancang bangun alat pemotong media plastik sebagai media budidaya ikan hias dengan kemampuan memberikan hasil potongan yang rapi tanpa adanya sisi yang terbuka, mampu menghasilkan potongan dalam waktu yang lebih cepat dan efisien. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan perancangan sistem integrasi komponen penyusun mesin pemotong (hardware) dan software berbasis mikrokontroler. Hasil penelitian berupa prototipe alat pemotong plastik sebagai media budidaya ikan hias air tawar dengan sistem semi otomatis, memiliki akurasi yang baik serta portabel. Mineral water bottles measuring 1500 mL are the most dominant plastik bottle media used by betta fish ornamental fish farmers for the enlargement or sorting process of fish before being marketed. This media is used because of several advantages, among others, the price is relatively cheap, goods are easy to find, and do not require a large area of land for placement. The cultivation media using a 1500 mL mineral water bottle cannot be used directly by farmers, but a modification process must be carried out. The modification process is through cutting on the top side of the bottle with various sizes. The ideal size of the majority of betta fish farmers is 17-20 cm high. The bottle modification process is generally still done manually. In general, betta fish farmers need two thousand to five thousand bottles at a time. This certainly has an impact on farmers difficulties in preparing ready-to-use media if they are still using the manual method. The manual cutting process also has drawbacks, among others, it requires a long cutting time for larger quantities, the results of the cuts are not neat which has an impact on the non-standard volume of water, as well as can result in uneven/sharp edges of the media. The solution is to design a plastik media cutting tool as a medium for ornamental fish cultivation with the ability to provide neat cuts without open sides, capable of producing cuts in a faster and more efficient manner. This research begins with the design of an integrated system of components making up the cutting machine (hardware) and microcontroller-based software. The results of the research are a prototype of a plastik cutting tool as a medium for cultivating freshwater ornamental fish with a semi-automatic system, has good accuracy, and is portabel.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9776
2021-01-15T06:10:54Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9776
2021-01-15T06:10:54Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014
cover
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9776
en
cover
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12577
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12577
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
DIVERSIFIKASI KUNYIT (CURCUMA DOMESTICA) DAN KENCUR (KAEMPFERIA GALANGA L.) SEBAGAI MINUMAN HERBAL SERBUK SIAP SAJI
Pudiastutiningtyas, Nurul; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Mubin, Nurul; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Safitri, Laras Intan; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof. Sudarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50239
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12577
Minuman herbal dewasa ini banyak digemari masyarakat. Minuman herbal serbuk siap saji merupakan minuman yang diracik dengan bahan-bahan alami yang ada di tanah air, berkhasiat menyegarkan dan menyehatkan badan. Bahan yang akan digunakan untuk minuman herbal dalam penelitian ini adalah kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dan kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) dengan menggunakan proses kristalisasi dengan kristaliser dengan suhu operasi 100oC. Pada penelitian ini di dapatkan hasil maksimal pada percobaaan ketiga dengan bahan kunyit (Curcuma Domestica) 750 gr, air 500 mL, gula 10 gr dan volume yang dihasilkan 930 mL sehingga dihasilkan densitas sebesar 1.057 gr/mL dan viskositas 1.268 cp, untuk menjadi serbuk 23.50 gr memerlukan waktu pemanasan 120 menit. Hasil serbuk pada bahan kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) yang paling maksimal pada percobaaan ketiga dengan bahan 800 gr, air 500 mL, gula 10 gr. Volume filtrat yang dihasilkan adalah 1200 mL sehingga dihasilkan densitas sebesar 1.052 gr/mL dan viskositas 1.199 cp, untuk menghasilkan serbuk sebesar 54.32 gr memerlukan waktu 150 menit untuk pemanasan. Key words : kunyit, kencur, kristalisasi, minuman herbal AbstractHerbal beverage favored by many adults of the community. Fast powders herbal beverage is a drink and fresh with natural ingredients that are in the homeland, invigorating, therapeutic and nourish the body. Materials to be used for herbal beverage in this research are turmeric (Curcuma domestica) and galingale (Kaempferia Galanga L.) by using the process of crystallization by crystallizer with 100oC operating temperature. On this research in the get maximum results on experiment number three with turmeric (Curcuma domestica) 750 gr., 500 mL water, sugar 10 gr and the resulting volume 930 mL so the resulting density of 1,057 gr/mL and viscosity 1,268 cp, to produce of 23,50 gr powder required the warming time 120 minutes. The results of the powder materials galingale (Kaempferia galanga L.) maximum experiment number three with 800 gr of galingale (Kaempferia galanga L.), 500 mL water, sugar 10 gr. Volume of filtrate produced is 1200 mL so the resulting density of 1,052 gr/mL and viscosity 1,199 cp, to produce 54,32 gr of powder require 150 minutes for warming.Key words: turmeric, galingale, crystallization, herbal beverage
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/53241
2023-06-17T15:05:38Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/53241
2023-06-17T15:05:38Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023; 53-61
Pengaruh Daya Microwave Terhadap Pembuatan Biodiesel Dengan Katalis Fly Ash/Na2O Menggunakan Iradiasi Microwave
Oko, Syarifuddin; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Mattanggung, Citra Natali Kasih; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Aulia, Muhammad Naufal; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Firdaus, Reza; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
2023-06-17 15:04:59
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/53241
biodiesel; gelombang mikro; metil ester; minyak goreng, minyak jelantah
id
Minyak goreng yang telah digunakan berkali-kali akan mengalami penurunan kualitas sehingga tidak layak lagi untuk digunakan kembali. Saat ini telah ditemukan metode baru untuk pengolahan biodiesel ramah lingkungan dari limbah minyak goreng yakni dengan menggunakan gelombang mikro. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi daya alat microwave terhadap rendemen, densitas, viskositas kinematik, dan kadar air biodiesel yang dihasilkan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia Nomor 7182:2015 Tentang Biodiesel. Proses dilakukan menggunakan reaksi esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi untuk pembentukan metil esternya dengan bantuan katalis fly ash/Na2O. Pembuatan katalis dilakukan dengan melakukan impregnasi pada fly ash batu bara menggunakan NaOH dengan proses pemanasan di dalam furnace selama 1 jam pada temperatur 750 oC. Daya alat gelombang mikro yang digunakan adalah 180, 300, 450, 600, dan 800 watt dengan waktu reaksi selama 4 menit dan katalis fly ash/Na2O sebanyak 15 gram. Pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan acuan Standar Nasional Indonesia Nomor 7182:2015 Tentang Biodiesel, dengan rincian syarat mutu biodiesel berupa densitas biodiesel pada 40 oC berada pada rentang 850 – 890 kg/m3, viskositas kinematik pada 40 oC berada pada rentang 2,3 – 6,0 mm2/s (cSt), dan kadar air dan sedimen maksimal sebanyak 0,05 % volume, sehingga karakteristik biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari seluruh variasi daya di luar standar biodiesel yang berlaku. Cooking oil that has been used many times will experience decrease in quality and no longer suitable for compsumtion. Currently, a new method has been invented for processing enviromentally friendly biodiesel from waste cooking oil by using microwaves. The purposes of this research are to determine effect of varying the microwave power on the rendement, denisty, kinematic viscosity, and water residue of the biodiesel based on Indonesian National Standard Number 7182:2015 About Biodiesel. Using esterification and transesterification reaction to form methyl ester and using fly ash/Na2O as catalyst. Catalyst was prepared by impregnation coal fly ash with NaOH with heating process using furnace for 1 hour at 750 oC. Microwaves power that used was 180, 300, 450, 600, and 800 watts with 4 minutes reaction time and 15 grams fly ash/Na2O catalyst. The production of biodiesel refers to Indonesian National Standard Number 7182:2015 About Biodiesel, with details of biodiesel quality requirements density at 40 oC in the range of 850 – 890 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40 oC in the range of 2,3 – 6,0 mm2/s (cSt), and maximum water residue is 0,05 % volume, so that the characteristics of the biodiesel from all power variations still out of the standards.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1650
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1650
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
PERBAIKAN SISTEM PEMANASAN DENGAN MEMODIFIKASI TUNGKU PEMANAS YANG DILENGKAPI DENGAN CEROBONG ASAP
Kusumayanti, Heny; Staf Pengajar PSD III T . Undip
Astuti, Widi; Staf Pengajar PS T.Kima Unnes
Broto, R.TD Wisnu; Staf Pengajar PSD III T . Undip
2021-11-11 07:18:59
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1650
en
Abtract The empowerment of micro industries, in emping‘s chip micro industry to the member of group which is enterprise Batang speciallized is give suitable solution to consument for giving natural culinary with high nutrition value independently and cheap. The development of micro industries is a circular activity that consist of briefing about the usage of furnace completely by stack gas as pilot plan, assitancy when the producer makes sweet emping’s chip system more delicious and better performance than product’s previous Key word: micro industries emping’s chip.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/17509
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17509
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016; 1-8
Optimalisasi Penggunaan Alat Praktikum Power Supply Switching dengan Menggunakan Topologi Half Bridge Konverter sebagai Alat Bantu Praktikum Elektronika Analog
Enny, Enny; PSD III Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2018-02-03 14:18:08
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17509
switching; half-bridge converter; SG 352;
en
Power supply merupakan perangkat keras yang mampu menyuplai tenaga atau tegangan listrik secara langsung dari sumber tegangan listrik ke tegangan listrik yang lainnya. Power supply memiliki input dari tegangan yang berarus alternating current (AC) dan mengubahnya menjadi arus direct current (DC) yang nantinya digunakan untuk mensuplai peralatan elektronik yang membutuhkan arus searah. Power supply terbagi menjadi dua yaitu power supply linear dan power supply switching. Pada power supply switching yang akan dioptimalkan dalam penggunaannya menggunakan topologi half bridge konverter. Topologi half bridge konverter memiliki beberapa keunggulan yaitu mudah untuk membuat output yang banyak dan mudah dalam pengontrolannya. Proses switching pada half bridge konverter mengunakan mosfet IRFP 460 dan dijalankan menggunakan IC UC SG3525 dengan frekuensi switching 40 KHz. Dalam mengoptimalkan alat ini, menggunakan suplai 220 Volt AC lansung disearahkan menggunakan dioda, dan di filter menggunakan kapasitor. Hasil penyerahan tersebut kemudian masuk ke half bridge konverter, yang di jalankan oleh SG 3525 dan mosfet IRFP 460, kemudian masuk kedalam rangkaian filter output, dan siap digunakan. Keluaran pada power supply ini dapat diatur sesuai kebutuhan dengan rentang tegangan 0 Volt sampai 23,33 Volt, 10 A. Power supply ini juga dilengkapi dengan rangkaian feedback, sehingga tegangan keluar dapat stabil.Serta dapat diatur sesuai kebutuhan dalam praktikum Elektronika Analog khususnya dalam unit percobaan Clipper dan unit percobaan Gate . Abstract Optimizing the Use of Power Supply Switching Practice Tools Using Topology Half Bridge Converter As A Tool for Analogue Electronics Practise Power supply is a hardware that can supply power or voltage directly from the source voltage to the other electrical voltage. The power supply has input from alternating current (AC) voltage and converts it into direct current current (DC) which will be used to supply electronic equipment requiring direct current. Power supply is divided into two: linear power supply and switching power supply. In the switching power supply that will be optimized in its use using a half bridge converter topology. The converter half bridge topology has several advantages: it is easy to make a lot of output and easy to control. The switching process in half bridge converter uses IRFP 460 mosfet and runs UC SG3525 IC with 40 KHz switching frequency. In optimizing this tool, use 220 volt AC supply directly rectified using diode, and in filter using capacitor. The result then goes to the half bridge converter, which is run by SG 3525 and IRFP 460 mosfet, then goes into the output filter circuit, and ready to use. Output on this power supply can be adjusted as needed with voltage range 0 Volt to 23.33 Volt, 10 A. Power supply is also equipped with feedback circuit, so the out voltage can be stabilized. And can be arranged according to requirement in Analog Electronics especially in unit Clipper experiment and Gate experimental unit.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1724
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1724
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
SENYAWA BARU PASCA KEBAKARAN PENYEBAB RAPUHNYA BETON BERTULANG
Lukman, Lukman; Jurusan Teknik Sipil
PSD III Teknik UNDIP Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1724
en
Abstract Fire can be happened everywhere at anytime, including to building which use reinforced concrete construction. As consequense of the fire. a heating and cooling cycle by turns happen which cause complex fisis and chemical phase chenge. Considering that concrete has teracity againts high temperature without having chemical compound coposition change because of the high silica, which is until 1000 EC of temperature Keyword The concrete after fire
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18015
2020-04-17T20:20:37Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18015
2020-04-17T20:20:37Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017; 45-48
Diversifikasi Jamang (Jajanan Mangrove) Dengan Modifikasi Peralatan Produksi
Redjeki, Sri; Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Maslukah, Lilik; Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Azizah T.N., Ria; Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Hartati, Retno; Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
Riniatsih, Ita; Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro
2017-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18015
en
Untuk menambah penghasilan keluarga, ibu-ibu rumah tangga khususnya di Kota Semarang telah berupaya berwirausaha berbagai makanan ringan, seperti kuping gajah, chistik, kue kecipir, dan pastel kering. UKM Kelompok ”Bina Citra Karya Wanita” pimpinan Ibu Mufidah dan UKM Kelompok ”Bina Karya Sejahtera” pimpinan Ibu Sudartik merupakan kelompok produsen jajanan yang berasal bahan alternatif dari buah mangrove. Namun demikian, mengingat peralatan yang digunakan untuk produksi roti kering masih sangat konvensional, sehingga kualitas maupun kuantitas roti relatif masih rendah. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan sentuhan teknologi untuk proses produksi berupa peralatan pembuat cheesestick, peniris minyak, mixer, dan prosedur operasi pembuatan jajanan berbahan dasar mangrove sehingga dihasilkan kue atau roti kering yang mempunyai tekstur baik, warna menarik, enak, dan renyah. Dari permasalah diatas maka targetnya adalah desain perbaikan peralatan proses produksi Jamang (Jajan Mangrove). Setelah memakai alat pengaduk mekanis, produksi menjadi 7 kg per hari, setelah mengunakan mesin pembuat cheestick produksi menjadi lebih cepat yaitu 15 menit dan setelah menggunakan peniris minyak meningkatkan kualitas dari hasil jajanan mangrove dan menjadi lebih bersih. Pelaksanaan penerapan IPTEKS bagi masyarakat meningkatkan kapasitas pengetahuan Kelompok UKM Bina Citra Karya Wanita dan UKM Bina Karya Sejahtera di Desa Mangunharjo dan Mangkang Wetan Diversified Jamang (Jajan Mangrove) With Production Equipment Modification To increase the family's income, housewives, especially in the city of Semarang has sought to entrepreneurship on variety of snacks, such as kuping gajah, cheesestick, kue kecipir and pastel kering. SME Group "Bina Citra Karya Wanita" lead by Mrs Mufidah and SME Group "Bina Karya Sejahtera" lead by Mrs. Sudartik are snack producer groups based on mangrove flour. However, considering the equipment used for the production of mangrove flour is still very conventional, so that the quality and quantity of product is still relatively low. Therefore, the necessary to give simple technology on their the production process in the form of equipment cheesestick makers, oil drainer, mixer, and the operating procedures of making snacks made from mangrove so that the resulting dry cake or bread that has a good texture, color attractive, tasty and crunchy. From the problems above, the target is the improvement of production process equipment design mangrove based snack (Jajanan Mangrove). After using a mechanical stirrer, production increase to 7 kg per day, after using the machine becomes faster production cheestick ie 15 minutes and after using the oil drainer improve the quality of the results of mangrove snacks and become cleaner. Implementation of the application of science and technology for increasing the capacity of the knowledge of SME Bina Citra Karya Wanita and SME Bina Karya Sejahtera at village of Mangunharjo and Mangkang Wetan, Semarang.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/19164
2019-03-18T16:48:21Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/19164
2019-03-18T16:48:21Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018; 19-24
Test Stability Of Natural Color Dyes From The Lether Fruit Of Palm’s Waste
Broto, R.T.D. Wisnu; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Supriyo, Edy; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Pudjihastuti, Isti; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Arifan, Fahmi; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-06-04 13:13:33
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/19164
leather; fruit of palm; solvent; stability test; kulit buah siwalan; solven; uji stabilitas
en
The leather fruit of palm (Borassus flabilifer) is one of the local fruit native to Indonesia produced from palm plants are very abundant due to not knowing the season During this leather palm fruit is still not widely used and is only regarded as wastes. The leather palm fruit color has anthocyanin substances which are natural pigments reddish color. The extraction of the leather palm by using different types of solvents include water, ethanol water mixture, the mixture of water - propanol, a mixture of water-ethanol-propanol, ethanol, a mixture of ethanol - propanol and propanol. The best extraction results were obtained by using ethanol solvent. Furthermore, stability test of pigment extract’s the leather fruit of palm (anthocyanin) to pH, temperature, light, and color was done by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength 520 nm. In the stability test of pigment extract’s the leather palm fruit (anthocyanin) to pH, pH range 0-5 with interval 1 obtained the best pH 1 with absorbance value 0,3965. Temperature stability test with temperature range 50 -100oC with 10oC range gives best temperature 50oC with absorbance value 0,387. The results of stability test of pigment extract’s the leather fruit of palm (anthocyanin) to light showed decrease of absorbance value directly proportional to duration of irradiation The natural anthocyanin dye stability test derived from siwalan peel shows the extract with the greatest total anthocyanin having a large color intensity as well. Uji Stabilitas Zat Warna Alami dari Limbah Kulit buah Siwalan Buah siwalan (Borassus flabilifer) adalah salah satu buah lokal produk asli Indonesia yang dihasilkan dari tanaman lontar sangat melimpah karena tidak mengenal musim. Selama ini kulit buah siwalan masih belum banyak dimanfaatkan dan hanya dianggap sebagai limbah. Kulit buah siwalan mempunyai kandungan zat warna antosiaanin yang merupakan zat warna alami berwarna kemerah-merahan. Kulit buah siwalan di ekstraksi dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis solven antara lain air, campuran air etanol, campuran air – propanol, campuran air-etanol-propanol, etanol, campuran etanol – propanol dan propanol. Hasil ekstraksi terbaik didapatkan dengan menggunakan solvent etanol. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji stabilitas ekstrak zat warna kulit buah siwalan (antosianin) terhadap pH, suhu, sinar, dan warna dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum 520 nm. Pada uji stabilitas ekstrak zat warna kulit buah siwalan (antosianin) terhadap pH, rentang pH 0-6 dengan interval 1 didapat pH terbaik 1 dengan nilai absorbansi 0,3965. Uji stabilitas suhu dengan rentang suhu 50 -100oC dengan rentang 10oC menghasikan suhu terbaik 50oC dengan nilai absorbansi 0,387. Hasil uji stabilitas ekstrak zat warna kulit buah siwalan (antosianin) terhadap sinar menunjukkan penurunan nilai absorbansi berbanding lurus dengan lamanya penyinaran. Uji stabilitas zat warna alami antosianin yang berasal dari kulit buah siwalan menunjukkan ekstrak dengan total antosianin paling besar memiliki intensitas warna yang besar pula.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/3967
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3967
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
PENGARUH ARUS DAN WAKTU PADA PELAPISAN NIKEL DENGAN ELEKTROPLATING UNTUK BENTUK PLAT
Sutomo, Sutomo -
Senen, Senen -
Rahmat, Rahmat -
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3967
en
The influence of electric current and time using to coating production with electroplating machine for flat forming. Corrosion is the mainly problem of material, base on this problem researcher would like to know the influence of nickel’s mass for plat coating. This research have conclusion that more time the electric current is needed will produce more thickness of coating. The current is 4 amperes and the time is 2400 seconds will produce 1.8 gr nickel’s coating. Increasing current density will increase the thickness of coating, especially for using time 2400 seconds, current density 8.5 amperes/dm2. Layering rate of coating is 1.0 μm/second for current density A/dm2 Key word : electroplating, electric current, time coating
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/25106
2020-04-28T18:53:49Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/25106
2020-04-28T18:53:49Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019; 57-64
Karakterisasi Katalis CaO dan Uji Aktivitas pada Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kedelai
Pratigto, Setiarto; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Istadi, Istadi; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Wardhani, Dyah Hesti; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
2019-11-27 21:28:31
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/25106
CaO; batch; characterization; kinetics; transesterification
id
Penelitian ini akan mengkaji kinetika reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dengan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO dengan parameter rasio mol reaktan terhadap konversi metil ester yang digunakan untuk menentukan persamaan kecepatan reaksi. Katalis CaO digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi karena memiliki kekuatan basa yang tinggi, ramah lingkungan, kelarutan yang rendah dalam metanol. Kinetika reaksi untuk reaktor batch dihitung saat reaksi berlangsung berdasarkan rejim surface area limited yang menentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk persamaan kecepatan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO menurut metode differential reactor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol dengan katalis CaO dengan variabel bebas perbandingan mol reaktan. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan metanol teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis dan trigliserida tidak teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis menunjukkan mekanisme reaksi katalitik Eley-Rideal. Persamaan kecepatan reaksi dapat digunakan dalam perancangan reaktor, sehingga hubungan antara konversi trigliserida menjadi biodiesel dengan kebutuhan berat katalis dan volume reaktor yang diperlukan dapat diprediksi. This study will examine the kinetics of the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol using a CaO catalyst with the parameters of the mole ratio of reactants to the conversion of methyl esters used to determine the reaction velocity equation. CaO catalyst is used for transesterification reaction because it has high base strength, environmentally friendly, low solubility in methanol. The reaction kinetics for a batch reactor are calculated when the reaction takes place based on a decisive surface area limited regime. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape of the speed equation for the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol using a CaO catalyst according to the differential reactor method. The research was carried out with the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and methanol with a CaO catalyst with a free variable ratio of reactant moles. The results of the study revealed that methanol adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and triglycerides not adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst showed an Eley-Rideal catalytic reaction mechanism. The reaction speed equation can be used in reactor design, so the relationship between the conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel with the required catalyst weight and the reactor volume required can be predicted.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4911
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4911
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
PEMANFAATAN AMPAS JAHE LIMBAH INDUSTRI JAMU DAN MINUMAN UNTUK PRODUKSI MINYAK JAHE DENGAN DESTILASI KOHOBASI VACUUM
Handayani, Dwi; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Ikhsan, Diyono; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4911
en
Abstrak Minyak jahe termasuk minyak atsiri yang merupakan komoditas eksport dengan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi karena banyak digunakan dalam industri kosmetik, makanan, aromaterapi dan farmasi. Ampas jahe yang dihasilkan dari proses pembuatan jamu, jahe instan maupun industri minuman kesehatan, selama ini belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Mengingat potensi minyak jahe dan perlunya peningkatan nilai ekonomis ampas jahe yang selama ini sebagai limbah industri, maka perlu dilakukan pengambilan minyak jahe dari ampas jahe. Proses destilasi minyak atsiri selama ini dilakukan secara konvensional, sehingga pada destilasi minyak jahe maka zingiberene yang ada mengalami degradasi thermal. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknologi destilasi agar zingiberene dalam minyak jahe tidak mengalami degradasi yaitu dengan destilasi vacuum, dan untuk mendapatkan efisiensi yang optimal dengan pengujian antara proses destilasi kohobasi dan destilasi uap-air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proses destilasi vacuum secara kohobasi mempunyai randemen teringgi yaitu 2,320 % dengan persamaan laju produksi Y = 0,078 X2 – 1,941X + 8,52 ( R2= 0,982 ). Karena kadar minyak jahe dalam rimpang jahe : 1 - 3 %, maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa pada proses tersebut didapatkan effisiensi yang cukup tinggi yaitu 77,33 % dari kadar maksimal minyak yang ada pada rimpang jahe dan kualitas minyak jahe yang dihasilkan memenuhi SNI Kata kunci : ampas jahe, minyak jahe, destilasi vacuum. ABSTRACT Ginger oil including essential oils which are export commodities with high economic value because it is widely used in the cosmetics industry, food, aromatherapy and pharmaceuticals. Ginger pulp resulting from the process of making herbal medicine, instant ginger beverage and healthcare industries, has not been fully utilized. Given the potential of ginger oil and the need to increase the economic value of waste ginger as well as an industrial waste, it is necessary to capture the oil of ginger ginger pulp. Essential oil distillation process has been done conventionally, so that the ginger oil distillation zingiberene existing thermal degradation. The research aims to gain distillation technology that zingiberene in ginger oil is not degraded by vacuum distillation, and to obtain optimum efficiency by testing the distillation process kohobasi and steam-distilled water. The results showed that the vacuum distillation process has randemen teringgi kohobasi is 2.320% with a production rate equation Y = 0.078 X2 - 1.941 X + 8.52 (R2 = 0.982). Because the levels of ginger in ginger oil: 1-3%, it can be stated that in the process earned a high enough efficiency is 77.33% of the maximum levels of the existing oil and the ginger rhizome ginger oil quality produced meets SNI Keywords: pulp ginger, ginger oil, vacuum distillation.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/34295
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/34295
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021; 1-6
Soil Recovery Menggunakan Pupuk Microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa dan Efeknya terhadap Produktivitas Melon
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/download/34295/0
Aulia, Margaretha Praba; Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Boyolali
Aji, Rangga Warsita; PT Algaepark
2021-05-08 13:34:22
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/34295
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa; Keasaman tanah; Melon; Produktivitas Melon; Bioremediasi
id
Lahan pertanian maupun perkebunan di Indonesia mengalami penurunan kesuburan akibat dari penggunaan pupuk kimia buatan berlebih yang menghilangkan unsur hara asli dari tanah. Kerusakan tanah ini juga diakibatkan oleh pH tanah yang terlalu asam. Keasaman pH tanah ini dapat berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas hasil pertanian maupun perkebunan. Melon adalah salah satu tanaman buah yang memerlukan pH netral selama pertumbuhannya sehingga didapatkan produktivitas maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pH terhadap soil recovery yang akan terlihat pada produktivitas melon. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pemberian perlakuan terhadap pengendalian pH menggunakan pupuk organik hayati berbasis microalgae Chlorella Pyrenoidosa yang terdapat dalam pupuk Chloten, urea, kapur serta tanpa perlakuan tambahan sebagai kontrol terhadap pH tanah yang berdampak pada produktivitas hasil panen melon. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa pH tanah serta produktivitas melon. Perlakuan keasaman tanah menggunakan pupuk berbasis mikroalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa tidak memiliki efek signifikan terhadap keasaman tanah serta produktivitas tanaman melon. Penggunaan pupuk berbasi microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa merupakan perlakuan terbaik yang didapat untuk mengatur keasaman tanah serta memiliki tingkat produktivitas hasil melon tertinggi. Agricultural land and plantations in Indonesia have decreased fertility due to the use of excess artificial chemical fertilizers that remove native nutrients from the soil. Soil damage is also caused by soil pH that is too acidic. The acidity of this soil pH can have an impact on decreasing the productivity of agricultural and plantation products. Melon is a fruit plant that requires a neutral pH during its growth in order to obtain maximum productivity. This study aims to determine the impact of pH on soil recovery which will be seen in melon productivity. This research was conducted by giving treatment to pH control using bio-organic fertilizer based on Chlorella Pyrenoidosa microalgae which is contained in Chloten, urea, lime and without additional treatment as a control for soil pH which has an impact on the productivity of melon yields. The parameters used in this study were analysis of soil pH and melon productivity. Soil acidity treatment using Chlorella pyrenoidosa microalgae-based fertilizer did not have a significant effect on soil acidity and the productivity of melons. The use of Chlorella pyrenoidosa microalgae based fertilizer is the best treatment obtained to regulate soil acidity and has the highest yield of melon yields.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7205
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7205
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI LIMBAH SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN LEMPONGSARI, KODYA SEMARANG DENGAN KOMPOSER EM-4
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; Laboratorium Proses Industri Kimia,PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Jl Prof Sudharto SH,Tembalang Semarang ;Telpon 024 7471379, HP 08122876918
Supriyo, Edy; Laboratorium Bioteknologi,PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl Prof Sudhatho SH,Tembalang,Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7205
en
Abstract In Semarang limited landfill waste,new problems.If problems not handled and managed properly,an increase of waste that occur each year could shorten justify the air.In addition,the waste can the quality of natural resources,causing floods,and cause some diseased. Research to be conducted has several specific objectives,as follomposer EM-4.Minimizing the volume of waste in Semarang environment develop a network tool composter for organic fertilizer production of large-scale environmental and examine the addition of decomposers EM-4 the formation of humus to improve the productivity of organic fertilizer in environmentally friendly, operating condition optimization weathering process household waste using waste decomposer EM-4. Composter network of productivity environmentally friendly is expected to replace the function of inorganic fertilizers Research results:the best is on addition EM-4 8 ppm,with the following results:value ratio C/N 14,77;P2O5 1,24%;K2O 0,42% SNI: ratio C/N 10-20 ;0,1% min P2O5 ;0,2%min K2O Keyword: EM-4 composer,liquid compost organic,organic waste
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/45766
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/45766
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 39-45
Penurunan Kadar Zat Warna Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dengan Metode Adsorpsi Menggunakan Serbuk CaCO3 Dari Cangkang Telur Dan Karbon Aktif
Oko, Syarifuddin; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Harjanto, Harjanto; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Kurniawan, Andri; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Winanti, Cici; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
2022-06-17 01:55:44
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/45766
Adsorben; Blending; efesiensi; Limbah Tekstil
id
Industri tekstil Indonesia berkembang semakin pesat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sandang masyarakat. Namun, banyaknya industri tekstil di Indonesia ini tidak diimbangi dengan pengolahan limbah cair yang baik dan benar. Limbah cair tekstil merupakan salah satu pencemar organik yang sulit terdegradasi dan beracun. Zat warna tekstil merupakan bahan kimia yang memiliki struktur cincin aromatis dan cincin heteroatom, seperti azo, diazo, benzidine dan antraquinon yang yang kompleks dan stabil sehingga menyebabkan komponen ini sulit didegradasi dan bersifat toksik. Salah satu bahan pewarna, sintetik yang banyak dikonsumsi di industri tekstil adalah Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). Adsorpsi merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi pencemaran zat warna Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). Cangkang telur merupakan salah satu bahan adsorben yang mudah didapat dan ekonomis. Adsorben lain yang digunakan adalah karbon aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu kontak terhadap efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi zat warna Remazol Brilliant Blue R menggunakan campuran CaCO3 dari cangkang telur dengan karbon aktif dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh blending adsorben terhadap efisiensi adsorpsi. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan dengan rasio massa CaCO3: karbon aktif 0,2:0,8 dan memvariasikan waktu kontak 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 menit. Adsorpsi dilakukan menggunakan adsorben sebanyak 5 g kedalam zat warna Remazol Brilliant Blue R dengan konsentrasi awal 100 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi adsorpsi terbaik diperoleh pada waktu kontak 20 menit menggunakan blending CaCO3 dan karbon aktif dengan konsentrasi akhir Remazol Brilliant Blue R 0,65 ppm dan efisiensi adsorpsi sebesar 99,35%. Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian akan digunakan oleh masyarakat mengenai komposisi yang tepat antara CaCO3 dan karbon aktif dalam pengolah limbah tekstil serta dengan menggunakan metode yang sangat sederhana. The Indonesian textile industry is growing rapidly to meet the people's clothing needs. However, the large number of textile industries in Indonesia is not balanced with proper and proper wastewater treatment. Textile liquid waste is an organic pollutant that is difficult to degrade and is toxic. Textile dyes are chemicals that have an aromatic ring structure and a heteroatom ring, such as azo, diazo, benzidine and anthraquinone which are complex and stable, making these components difficult to degrade and toxic. One of the synthetic dyes that are widely consumed in the textile industry is Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). Adsorption is an alternative to reduce the contamination of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye. Egg shell is one of the most readily available and economical adsorbent materials. Another adsorbent used is activated carbon. This study aims to determine the effect of contact time variations on the efficiency of reducing the concentration of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye using a mixture of CaCO3 from eggshell with activated carbon and to determine the effect of blending adsorbent on adsorption efficiency. The adsorption process was carried out with a mass ratio of CaCO3:activated carbon 0.2:0.8 and varying contact times 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. Adsorption was carried out using 5 g of adsorbent into Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye with an initial concentration of 100 ppm. The results showed that the best adsorption conditions were obtained at a contact time of 20 minutes using a blend of CaCO3 and activated carbon with a final concentration of Remazol Brilliant Blue R 0.65 ppm and an adsorption efficiency of 99.35%. It is hoped that the results of the research will be used by the public regarding the correct composition between CaCO3 and activated carbon in textile waste processing and using a very simple method.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9773
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9773
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014; 18-25
PENGARUH SUSUNAN BAHAN TERHADAP WAKTU PENGOMPOSAN SAMPAH PASAR PADA KOMPOSTER BERAERASI
Irawan, TA. Bambang; AKIN St.Paulus, Semarang
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9773
en
Abstract Traditional markets generating organic waste such as leaves, stems of plants that can be cultivated in aerobic and anaerobic composter produces organic fertilizer called compost. This study used a method of mixing the ingredients in aerated tub because the composting process occurs in aerobic and anaerobic. This research studied the effect of the variation of goat manure material consisting of straw, bran using EM microbe 4 as activator. These results indicate that the effect of goat dung accelerate the composting process is indicated by a color change and the results of C / N ratio is high on the 14th day of Materials - materials containing high organic C also affects the speed of the composting process. Keyword : organic waste, composter, microbe, compos Abstrak Pasar tradisional menghasilkan sampah organic berupa daun-daunan , batang tanaman yang dapat diolah secara aerobic dan anaerobic dalam komposter menghasilkan pupuk organic yang disebut kompos. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pencampuran bahan dalam bak beraerasi karena proses pengomposan terjadi secara aerob dan anaerob. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh kotoran kambing terhadap variasi bahan yang terdiri dari merang, bekatul dengan menggunakan mikroba EM 4 sebagai activator. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kotoran kambing berpengaruh mempercepat proses terjadinya kompos ini ditunjukan dengan adanya perubahan warna dan hasil rasio C/N yang tinggi pada hari ke 14. Bahan – bahan yang mengandung C organic yang tinggi juga berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan proses terjadinya pengomposan. Kata kunci :sampah, komposter, mikroba, kompos
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/52473
2023-06-17T15:05:37Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/52473
2023-06-17T15:05:37Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023; 13-20
Pengaruh Jumlah Pengemulsi pada Pembuatan Cat Emulsi Berbasis Bahan Alami Kasein dari Susu Sapi
Purnavita, Sari; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Oktaviananda, Cyrilla; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Rinihapsari, Elisa; Program Studi Analis Kesehatan, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwjaya
Wibowo, Priyo; Program Studi Analis Kesehatan, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwjaya
Primahendra, Yosef Bintang Satya; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
2023-06-17 15:04:43
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/52473
kasein; jumlah pengemulsi; cat emulsi
id
Produksi susu sapi yang melimpah tidak diikuti dengan permintaan yang tinggi dari masyarakat sehingga banyak produk susu sapi yang tidak termanfaatkan. Susu sapi yang masih segar maupun yang sudah rusak memiliki kandungan kasein yang cukup tinggi. Kasein termasuk polimer alami sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan utama pada pembuatan cat emulsi. Pada pembuatan cat emulsi, faktor yang harus diperhatikan adalah kestabilan emulsi. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah pengemulsi (1 gram, 2 gram, 3 gram, dan 4 gram) yang digunakan terhadap karakteristik cat yang meliputi ukuran partikel, waktu kering, viskositas, daya rekat, dan kekerasan. Hasil uji statistik (Uji F) menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pengemulsi memiliki pengaruh terhadap karakteristik cat yang meliputi ukuran partikel, waktu kering, viskositas, daya rekat, dan kekerasan. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji statistik (Uji F) menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pengemulsi berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik viskositas, ukuran partikel, waktu kering, dan tingkat kekerasan, serta jumlah pengemulsi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap karakteristik daya rekat cat. Cat emulsi berbasis kasein dan kapur tohor dengan penambahan bahan pengemulsi CMC sebanyak 4 gram memiliki kualitas yang terbaik, yaitu nilai kekerasan 4 H, daya rekat 97,5%, waktu kering 38,5 menit, ukuran partikel 8,75 mikron, dan viskositas 450 d.Pa.s. The abundant cow's milk production is not followed by high demand from the public so that many cow's milk products are not utilized. Cow's milk that is still fresh or that has been spoiled has a fairly high casein content. Casein is a natural polymer so it can be used as the main ingredient in the manufacture of emulsion paints. The factor that must be considered in the manufacture of emulsion paint is the stability of the emulsion, thus this study aims to determine the effect of the amount of emulsifier (1 gram, 2 gram, 3 gram, and 4 gram) used on the paint characteristics which include particle size, dry time, viscosity, adhesion, and hardness. Statistical test results (Test F) showed that the amount of emulsifier has an influence on the characteristics of the paint which includes particle size, drying time, viscosity, adhesion, and hardness. The results of the study using statistical tests (Test F) showed that the amount of emulsifier had a significant effect on the characteristics of viscosity, particle size, dry time, and level of hardness, and the amount of emulsifier had a very significant effect on the characteristics of paint adhesion. Casein and quicklime based emulsion paint with the addition of 4 grams of CMC emulsifier has the best quality, namely 4 H hardness, 97.5% adhesion, 38.5 minutes dry time, 8.75 micron particle size, and 450 viscosity. d.Pa.s.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11051
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11051
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
OPTIMASI WAKTU PERENDAMAN DAN KONSENTRASI NATRIUM METABISULFIT PADA PROSES PRODUKSI TEPUNG SUKUN
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Faizah, Laila; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Broto, R TD. Wisnu; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11051
en
Abstract The breadfruit plants were included in the tribe Moraceae produce breadfruit. Breadfruit can be used and consumed by the public into processed foods for a snack, can be in the form of fried breadfruit, boiled breadfruit, gethuk breadfruit. To overcome the breadfruit harvest time, and to extend the shelf life of breadfruit, breadfruit then can be made into other processed food products, including breadfruit can be processed into flour breadfruit. Breadfruit flour can be made using raw materials made breadfruit chips of a certain size, then the chips is soaked with a solution of natrium metabisulphite with various concentrations and soaking time varies. In immersion chip by using solution of natrium metabisulphite 0,8 % yield breadfruit flour carbohydrate 25.87% with a soaking time 55 minutes. Key Words: breadfruit, breadfruit flour Abstrak Tanaman sukun yang termasuk dalam suku Moraceae menghasilkan buah sukun. Buah sukun dapat dimanfaatkan serta dikonsumsi masyarakat menjadi makanan olahan untuk camilan, bisa dalam bentuk sukun goreng, sukun rebus, gethuk sukun. Untuk mengatasi waktu panen raya sukun, dan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan buah sukun, maka buah sukun bisa dibuat menjadi produk olahan pangan yang lain, diantaranya buah sukun tersebut dapat diolah menjadi tepung sukun. Tepung sukun dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan bahan baku buah sukun yang dibuat chip dengan ukuran tertentu, selanjutnya chip tersebut direndam dengan menggunakan larutan natrium metabisulfit dengan berbagai konsentrasi dan waktu perendaman yang bervariasi. Pada perendaman chip dengan menggunakan larutan natrium metabisulfit 0,8 % menghasilkan tepung sukun dengan kadar karbohidrat 25,87 % dengan waktu perendaman 55 menit. Key Words : buah sukun, tepung sukun
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1629
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1629
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
Peningkatan Produksi Garam Beryodium Melalui Aplikasi Alat Pencetak Garam Secara Mekanik
Handayani, Dwi; Dosen Fakultas Teknik UNDIP
Murni, Murni; Dosen Fakultas Teknik UNDIP
Ikhsan, Diyono; Dosen Fakultas Teknik UNDIP
Arifan, Fahmi; Dosen Fakultas Teknik UNDIP
2021-11-11 07:18:58
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1629
en
The salt moulder groups "Muji Rahayu" have a mission for drummed up salt moulders by are very limited, by process technology conventionally. The result of production is salt_powder which is a gunny_pack then on sale at the prince of low. If it is soled in salt_moulder, the price will increase. Salt moulder form of Instrumentation which it is has incereased quality and sale at the prince salt iodized consumption. However, at the employe moulder machine which is continue, the machine has trouble because it is always related to salt which have a character is corrosive. Therefore, it needs to have a salt_moulder which is simple and easy to be operated by salt-farmer moreover the price is cheap. The salt moulder will work by mechanic and aplication style. Because of the caracter of salt which corrosive, so the contraction which related to salt is made by stainless steel. By the expectation it be able to increase the income of salt_farmers. Keywords : iodized salt, salt moulder
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14753
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14753
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
EMULSIFIKASI EKSTRAK KULIT DAN BUAH NAGA MERAH MENGGUNAKAN XANTHAN GUM: ANALISIS KADAR FENOLIK, KADAR FLAVONOID DAN KESTABILAN EMULSI
Paramita, Vita; Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Abidin, Zainal; Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Wikanta, Deddy K; Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Aini, Falasifah N; Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Adiatma, Afifta L; Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14753
Abstrak Pertumbuhan produksi buah naga di Indonesia meningkat dengan munculnya kebun buah yang memproduksi buah naga. Pertumbuhan ini perlu diikuti pula dengan pemanfaatan zat aktif dalam buah naga, terutama senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Pengembangan ekstrak buah naga dalam bentuk emulsi merupakan tantangan utama dalam bidang pangan maupun farmasi untuk meningkatkan efektifitas kinerja komponen-komponen zat antioksidan. Selain itu, pemanfaatan ekstrak tumbuhan jauh lebih murah secara ekonomis dibandingkan dengan hasil purifikasi dari senyawa tertentu yang mahal. Penelitian ini menggunakan buah naga merah lokal (Hylocereus polyrhizus) dalam bentuk emulsi dengan menggunakan xanthan gum sebagai zat penstabil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh kadar fenolik dan kadar flavonoid dalam buah naga merah sebagai antioksidan serta kestabilannya dalam bentuk emulsi. Metode analisa yang diterapkan meliputi analisa kadar fenolik, kadar flavonoid, kadar air dan tes kestabilan emulsi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar fenolik ekstrak buah naga (9,66 mg/g) 14 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kadar fenolik pada ekstrak kulit buah naga (0,69 mg/g). Sementara, hampir tidak ada perbedaan terhadap hasil kadar flavonoid antara kulit maupun daging buah naga. Suhu penyimpanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kestabilan emulsi ekstrak kulit (0,14 mg/g) maupun buah naga (0,15 mg/g). Emulsi yang disimpan pada suhu 8 °C tidak menunjukkan adanya perubahan warna selama masa penyimpanan (7 hari). Kata kunci: H. polyrhizus, emulsi, xanthan gum, fenolik, flavonoid Abstract Production growth of dragon fruit in Indonesia increased and supported by the fruit farms. This production growth should be followed by the utilization of the active substances from the dragon fruit. i.e. phenolic and flavonoid. The development of dragon fruit extract as an emulsion provided a challenge in food and pharmaceutical application. The active substances from dragon fruit extract provided the antioxidant capability and cost effectiveness while comparing them to the expensive purified of specific component. This work studied the emulsification of the peel and the flesh of local dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) by applying xanthan gum as stabilizer and evaluated the phenolic, flavonoid content and their emulsion stability. Analysis applied were including phenolic content, flavonoid content, moisture content and organoleptically of emulsion stability test. Phenolic concentration contained on the flesh (9,66 mg/g) fourteen times higher than on the peel of local dragon fruit (0,69 mg/g). Meanwhile, both peels and flesh of the dragon fruit were containing no differences on their flavonoid content (0,14 and 0,15 mg/g). Storing emulsion on the 8 °C did not show any color change for periode of 7 days. Keywords: H. polyrhizus, emulsion, xanthan gum, phenolic, flavonoid
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1719
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1719
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
STUDI AWAL REKAYASA PROSES PRODUKSI TEH HIJAU BERKATEKIN TINGGI MELALUI TEKNOLOGI STEAMING
Yulianto, Mohammad Endy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Senen, Senen; Jurusan Teknik Mesin PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Ariwibowo, Didik; Jurusan Teknik Mesin PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1719
en
Abstract Tea is a nalural healty, beverage because of catechin content which is a bioactive matter that can retard cancel growth, heart desease, blood and nerves, making healthy for mouth, teeth and some other infection. Therefore, high catechin in tea would be needed. To Obtain high catechin contend it must eliminate enzymatically oxidation process of polyphenol during tea manufacturing. Thus, it was created a process and processing system which sustain the process. The basic design was inactivation of polyphenol oxidase enzyme by steaming. It wishes a high catechin green tea product that can either be directly as a beverage or as a catechin powder for dietary food and functional food or medicine. The variables of this study, were percentage of steam, tea leaves feeding and humidity. The investigated parameters were temperature, catechin content, moisture content, and humidity as time function. The result was that at 900C yielded high catechin. The study shows that at 70% humidity yielded higher catechin and lower moisture content. Keywords : Green tea; Steaming
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14676
2020-04-17T20:20:21Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14676
2020-04-17T20:20:21Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017; 1-6
Gas SF 6 (Sulfur Hexa Fluorida) Sebagai Pemadam Busur Api Pada Pemutus Tenaga (PMT) Di Saluran Transmisi Tegangan Tinggi
Setiono, Iman; Program Studi Teknik Elektro Departemen Teknologi Industri
Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
2018-02-14 15:23:46
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14676
Bunga api; Gas SF6; Pemutus tenaga; Tegangan tinggi
id
Keberadaan Pemutus Tenaga (PMT) pada saluran transmisi mutlak diperlukan, karena untuk menyalurkan dan memutuskan sistem penyaluran tenaga listrik dari pusat pembangkitan sampai ke konsumen harus bisa di atur dengan menggunakan PMT ini. PMT adalah sebuah alat yang berfungsi untuk memutus-hubungkan aliraan listrik yang melalui saluran transmisi tegangan tinggi. Karena faktor tegangan tinggi , yaitu untuk Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi (SUTT) adalah 150 KV dan untuk Saluran Udara Tegangan Extra Tinggi (SUTET) adalah 500 KV, maka setiap kali menghubungkan dan memutuskan kontak di dalam PMT gesekan pada kontak-kontak tersebut yang terbuat dari logam. Akibat dari gesekan ini akan muncul bunga api yang sangat berbahaya dapat menimbulkan kebakaran dan kerusakan peralatan. Untuk memadamkan bunga api ini , maka di gunakan gas SF6 yang bersifat isolator , sehingga bunga api padam dan dapat mencegah terjadinya kebakaran dan kerusakan peralatan. Gas SF6 (Hexa Fluoride Sulfur) As Fire Extinguisher On Power Breaker (PMT) On High Voltage Transmission Channel The existence of Power Circuit breaker (PMT) in the transmission line is absolutely necessary, because to channel and decide the system of electricity distribution from the power station to the consumer must be managed by using this PMT. PMT is a device that serves to break-up the electricity supply through high voltage transmission lines. Due to the high voltage factor, that is for High Voltage transmission line (SUTT) is 150 KV and for Extra High Voltage Transmission line (SUTET) is 500 KV, then every time connect and disconnect the contact inside the friction PMT on those contacts made from metal. As a result of this friction will appear very dangerous sparks can cause fire and equipment damage. To extinguish this spark, then in use SF6 gas that is an isolator, so the sparks out and can prevent the occurrence of fire and equipment damage.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1830
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1830
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
KINETIC STUDY OF THE UTILISATION OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES TO LACTIC ACID USING Lactobacillus delbrueckii
Abdullah, Abdullah; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Diponegoro University, Semarang. Telp: 7460058,
Mat, Hanapi bin; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Resouerces,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor
Widayat, Widayat; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Diponegoro University, Semarang.
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1830
en
Abstract Lactic acid fermentation includes several reactions in association with the microorganism growth. A kinetic study was performed of the utilisation of multiple substrates to lactic acid using lactobacillus delbrueckii. Batch fermentation was performed to study effect of different substrates such as glucose, fructose and sucrose. The objective of this research is to study kinetics grow microbial. A anaerobic fermentation were studied in 3 litres stirred fermentor ( Biostat B Model) with working volume of 1 liter, temperature : 40 oC, pH = 6.0, inoculums size : 5% , sugar concentration = 20 g/1. During the first hours of fermentation, glucose and fructose accumulated in the medium and the rate of hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose was faster than conversion of these substrate. The maximum concentration of glucose and fructose was 5.82 and 5. 14 g/l respectively. The sucrose, glucose, and fructose consumption completely utilized at 56, 68, and 104 hours, respectively. Kinetic parameter for maximum .specific growth rate in glucose, fructose and sucrose is 0.103, 0.0448, and 0.0398 (h-1), respectively. The saturation constant is 2.13, 2.67, and 3.32 g/1. Key Words: Kinetic Study, Sugars, Lactic Acid, Maximum Specific Growth Rate and Saturation Constant
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18201
2021-01-15T06:13:35Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18201
2021-01-15T06:13:35Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Daftar Isi
Metana, Editor
2016-06-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18201
en
Daftar Isi Juni 2016
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1906
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1906
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
SISTEM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH GAS CIANIDA PADA INDUSTRI PESTISIDA STUDI KASUS PT. ALFA ABADI PESTISIDA - JAWA BARAT
Supriyo, Edy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1906
en
Abstract Pesticide industries produce substance to kill pest and weeds, therefore product,side product, raw material and its wastes are hazardous and poison. The main pollution from pesticides industries are air pollutant. According to property of the wastes, treatment wastes include combination of absorbtion, catalytic and condensation order to match with limiting value by government. After being treated, the component moritored i.e. CN was reduced from 10 mg/lt become 0.01 mg/lt Keywords : cyanide, pesticide industry.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/22666
2020-04-17T20:21:41Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/22666
2020-04-17T20:21:41Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019; 19-24
Sintesa Metil Ester Sulfonat dari Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jathropa Curcas Oil) dan Aplikasinya pada Proses Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Nugroho, Amin; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro
Buchori, Luqman; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro
2019-06-18 07:05:31
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/22666
EOR; Surfaktan; Sulfonasi; MES; Dolomite; Transesterifikasi; Esterifikasi
en
Konsumsi minyak bumi mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, sementara produksinya cenderung mengalami penurunan. Produksi minyak bumi dapat ditingkatkan dengan oil recovery. Sejak tahun 1980, teknik Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) dengan menggunakan surfaktan sebagai penginjeksi (surfactant flooding) merupakan salah satu teknik yang paling berhasil untuk meningkatkan produksi minyak. Surfaktan dapat dibuat dari bahan alami, salah satunya dari minyak jarak pagar. Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu reaksi dan pengaruh penambahan metanol terhadap metil ester sulfonat (MES, surfaktan) yang dihasilkan dalam operasi sulfonasi. Surfaktan yang diperoleh kemudian diaplikasikan dalam proses EOR. Proses pembuatan MES dari minyak biji jarak dilakukan melalui 2 tahapan yaitu proses esterfikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan katalis batu dolomite. Metil ester (ME) yang diperoleh kemudian disulfonasi untuk mendapatkan MES. Konsentrasi surfaktan anionik dalam produk dianalisa dengan spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MES yang memiliki kandungan surfaktan anionik paling tinggi diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 90 menit dan penambahan metanol dengan konsentrasi 40%wt yaitu sebesar 55,464 mg/L. Uji kompatibilitas didapatkan larutan berwarna keruh (koloid), sedangkan tegangan antarmukanya sebesar 17,71 dyne/cm dan tegangan antarmuka pada suhu 80oC adalah 26,57 dyne/cm. Petroleum consumption has increased from year to year, while production tends to decline. Petroleum production can be increased by oil recovery. Since 1980, the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique using surfactants as injectors (surfactant flooding) is one of the most successful techniques for increasing oil production. Surfactants can be made from natural ingredients, one of them from jatropha oil. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of reaction time and the effect of adding methanol to methyl ester sulfonate (MES, surfactant) produced in sulfonation operations. The surfactants obtained are then applied in the EOR process. The process of MES production from castor oil is carried out through 2 stages, namely esterfication and transesterification with dolomite catalyst. Methyl esters (ME) were obtained then sulfonated to obtain MES. The concentration of anionic surfactants in the product was analyzed by a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the MES which had the highest anionic surfactant content was obtained at the reaction time of 90 minutes and the addition of methanol with a concentration of 40% wt was 55.464 mg/L. Compatibility test obtained colloidal colored solution (colloid), while surface tension was 17.71 dyne/cm and surface tension at 80oC was 26.57 dyne/cm.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4031
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4031
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
METANA
Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
ASIDOLISIS ENZIMATIK MINYAK IKAN TUNA( THUNNUS THYNNUS) MENJADI PRODUK ASAM LEMAK KAYA OMEGA-3 DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIPASE GETAH PEPAYA (carica papaya latex)
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; 1Laboratorium Proses Industri Kimia,PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fakultas Teknik, Universitas
Diponegoro Jl Prof Sudharto SH,Tembalang Semarang
Pudjihastuti, Isti; 2Laboratorium Bioteknologi,PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fakultas Teknik, Universitas
DiponegoroJl Prof Sudhatho SH,Tembalang,Semarang
Kusumayanti, Heny; Laboratorium Teknologi Pengolahan Pangan,PSD III Teknik Kimia,Fakultas Teknik
,Universitas Diponegoro,Jl Prof Sudharto SH,Tembalang,Semarang
2012-09-19 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4031
en
ABSTRACT Incorporation of omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA) into Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) fish oil was investigated by using acidolysis enzimatis Process. The product of this modification is expected to be used as an ingredient nutrifition food products, especially in milk and baby food as well as pregnant and lactating The purpose of this study was to optimizing the used of lipased papaya latex (Carica papaya latex) in the product to incorporation fatty acids rich in omega-3.Bioreactor acidolysis enzematik development and Optimization of process the productivity of fatty acids rich in omega-3. Reaction Acidolysis was conducted between tuna (thunnus thynnus) fish oil by microbial lipase (5% of the weight of the substrate mixture) or vegetable lipased (Carica papaya latex) (6-10% by weight subtract mixture) as biocatalist.Acidolysis mixture the bioreactor at 40 o C for (2-6 hours) and the stirring speed of 200 rpm, pH (4.5 to 6.5). to eliminate free fatty acids from the product acidolysis performed neutralization with NaOH The results are expected to show that the lipase papaya latex (Carica papaya latex) can be used as biocatalyst incorporated omega-3 fatty acids in tunaIthunnus thunnyl) fish oil . In this study sought conditions for optimum incorporation rate, ie the use of papaya latex lipase concentration of 8%, the ratio of concentrations of omega-3 fatty acid and palm oil (1:1), pH = 5.5, Optimal time of 4 hours and the temperature (40oC) . The results were analyzed incorporation of omega-3 (EPA and DHA) with GC.EPA generated: 3.57% and DHA = 3.91% Key word:Acidolysis,Tuna fish oil
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/33380
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/33380
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020; 55-60
Improve Capsicum spp. Seed Quality in Seedling Using Microorganism Organic Fertilizers
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/download/33380/98886
Juhariah, Jujuk; Universitas Boyolali
Lestariana, Dwi Suci; Universitas Boyolali
Aulia, Margaretha Praba; Universitas Boyolali
2020-11-22 06:20:46
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/33380
Organic; chili, seed, fertilizers, microorganism
en
This study aims to improve the seed quality in seedling using microorganism-based fertilizer. This study was conducted from July to September 2019 at Boyolali University’s greenhouse. This experiment was an arranged factorial randomized block design with three factors, which are three chili varieties (green, white, and curly chili) and three kinds of organic fertilizers (microalgae, effective microorganisms, and local microorganisms). Then the plants observed five times. Parameters observed are the living plant number, leaves’ number, and plant height. The results show that there was no significant difference in living plant numbers among all the treatments. The significant differences appear in the number of leaves and plant height. The significant difference indicated that the difference influenced by the plant type not because of the application of the fertilizer.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6840
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6840
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
PEMODELAN DAN SIMULASI PROSES PENGERINGAN CHIPS MOCAF
Ariwibowo, Didik; PSDIII Teknik Mesin Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Yohana, Eflita; Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Yulianto, M. Endy; PSDIII Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Paramitha, Vita; PSDIII Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Arifan, Fahmi; PSDIII Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6840
en
This study was to propose the use of a simple heat and mass transfer based model to predict the evolutions of the moisture content and temperature of cassava chip undergoing superheated steam drying (SSD). Cassava chip has been chosen as the product to be simulated because of its various uses in the food especially as modified cassava flour (mocaf). Recently, superheated steam drying (SSD) has received much attention as an alternative drying technique for heat-sensitive biomaterials. There are a very limited number of works that report attempts to model this drying process, although there are a number of works that report studies of this drying technique experimentally. The results showed that the drying of the product is affected by the drying steam temperature and the product characteristics. The model was found to be able to predict the heat and mass transfer behavior. Keywords: Cassava chip, mocaf, superheated steam drying
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/41776
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/41776
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021; 55-60
Konsentrasi Polyfenol pada Teh Hitam Celup Komersial Produksi Perkebunan Teh di Jawa Tengah
Supriyo, Edy; Departemen Teknologi Industri Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Pudjihastuti, Isti; Departemen Teknologi Industri Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2021-12-02 14:53:59
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/41776
Teh hitam; celup; polyfenol
id
Teh merupakan minuman yang dihasilkan dari pucuk daun tanaman Camellia sinensis yang tumbuh di pegunungan pada ketinggian 600–2500 m dpl. Teh hitam merupakan jenis teh yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Teh ini diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi melalui proses oksidasi enzimatis katekin oleh polifenol oksidase. Teh hitam yang dikemas dalam bentuk the celup banyak digemari konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui konsentrasi polyfenol dalam teh hitam celup komersial. Sampel teh hitam celup komersial dengan merk dagang TP, TDT, TB, TL, TD, dan TM diproduksi oleh enam perkebunan teh di Jawa Tengah yang diperoleh secara acak dari swalayan di Kota Semarang. Kandungan polyfenol pada sampel teh hitam celup dianalisa dengan menggunakan spetrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 725nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teh hitam celup komersial yang beredar di Kota Semarang telah memenuhi standard SNI 3753–2014, dengan rata-rata konsentrasi polyfenol 8,83-43,63 %b/b. Analisa Zscore menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang sangat nyata antar konsentrasi polyfenol di enam sampel teh hitam celup komersial, hal ini dimungkinkan dengan adanya standarisasi proses produksi teh hitam di berbagai industri teh di Indonesia. Dan teh hitam celup komersial TDT mempunyai konsentrasi polyfenol diatas rata-rata yaitu 43,63 % b/b. Tea is a drink produced from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant that thrives in the mountains at an altitude of 600–2500 m above sea level. Black tea is a type of tea that is widely consumed by Indonesian people. Black tea is produced by fermentation, namely the process of enzymatic oxidation of catechins by polyphenol oxidase. Black tea is produced in several packages, including as black tea bags. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of polyphenols in commercial black tea bags. Samples of commercial black tea bags with the trademarks TP, TDT, TB, TL, TD, and TM were produced by six tea plantations in Central Java which were obtained randomly from supermarkets/stores in Semarang City. The polyphenol content in black teabag samples was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 725nm. The results showed that the commercial black tea bags marketed in the Semarang City had met the standards of SNI 3753–2014, with an average polyphenol concentration of 8.83-43.63% w/w. The Zscore analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the concentrations of polyphenols in the six samples of commercial black tea bags, this may cause by the standardization of black tea production processes in various tea industries in Indonesia, but commercial black tea bags with the trademark TDT had polyphenol concentrations above the average is 43.63% w/w.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7614
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7614
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
KEBERADAAN ANILIN DI SUNGAI CITARUM HULU AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN AZO DYES PADA INDUSTRI TEKSTIL
Suhendra, Edward; Program Magister Ilmu Lingkungan, Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro
Purwanto, Purwanto; Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan,Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro
Kardena, Edwan; Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Program Pasca Sarjana Insitut Teknologi Bandung
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7614
en
Abstract The dyeing and printing processes in textile industry produces wastewater containing residual dyes. The most widely used textile dyes are azo dyes. The textile industry is one of the main industries in West Java province, where one of the textile industry centers is Majalaya textile industry center. Majalaya textile industry center had begun since the 1910s, where in Majalaya subdistrict located the most textile companies which produced textile wastewater. Textile wastewater which contained azo dyes discharged into the Citarum Hulu River directly or after treatment in the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) owned by the company. One of the product metabolites produced from azo dyes biodegradation by bacteria in anaerobic conditions are various anilines. Several anilines which are persistent, could flow to downstream of Citarum Hulu River. Various anilines, referred to as total anilines, could be analyzed by the colorimetric method using visual spectrophotometer. Total anilines in water samples after biodegradation by anaerobic bacteria was 14.46 mg/l highest. While total aniline in river water samples was 3.58 mg/l highest. And at the downstream of Citarum Hulu River, there was total of aniline 1,825 mg/l highest in the river sediment samples. DO in the river water samples were 4.25 - 7.8 mg/l, while pH of the river water samples were 7.1 - 10.7. The occurence of total aniline in textile wastewater and river water samples in Citarum Hulu River (Majalaya subdistrict) and in river sediments at the downstream of Citarum Hulu indicated biodegradation of azo dyes from textile wastewater by anaerobic bacteria. Key words : Citarum Hulu River, textile wastewater, azo dyes, total aniline
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/49325
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49325
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 2 (2022): Desember 2022; 93-98
Pembuatan Briket Arang Dari Kombinasi Bonggol Jagung Dan Tempurung Kelapa Dengan Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) sebagai Perekat
Rachma, Asmaa Mufiida; Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Departemen Teknologi dan Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Supriyo, Edy; Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Departemen Teknologi dan Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2022-11-10 13:46:13
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49325
Briket; Batok Kelapa; Tongkol Jagung
id
Kebutuhan bahan bakar di Indonesia semakin lama semakin meningkat dikarenakan aktivitas masyarakat yang juga semakin meningkat. Akibatnya bahan bakar yang tidak terbarukan semakin menipis dan menjadi ancaman serius bagi masyarakat. Salah satu energi alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah penggunaan biomassa. Biomassa ini dapat mengatasi kelangkaan bahan bakar fosil karena ketersediaan bahan yang melimpah di Indonesia. Limbah pertanian digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif karena melimpah dan tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Tempurung kelapa dan bonggol jagung merupakan contoh dari limbah padat pertanian yang tiap tahunnya bertambah produksinya. Maka dari itu kedua bahan tersebut digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif pembuatan briket arang pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Briket arang merupakan bahan bakar berbentuk padat yang mengandung karbon, menyala dalam waktu yang cukup lama, serta memiliki nilai kalor yang tinggi. Tempurung kelapa dan bonggol jagung diolah menjadi arang dan ditambah pengikat serta dilakukan pengolahan lebih lanjut untuk dijadikan briket. Perekat yang digunakan adalah perekat PVAc (Polyvinyl Acetate). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode factorial design dengan 8 percobaan dan variasi suhu yang digunakan 400oC dan 500oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi briket yang terbaik adalah variasi 10 gram tempurung kelapa dan 8 gram bonggol jagung dengan suhu karbonisasi 500oC, briket ini memiliki nilai kalor 7220,12 Cal/g, kadar abu 7,913%, dan kadar air 7,1%. The need for fuel in Indonesia is increasing over time due to increasing community activities. As a result, non-renewable fuels are running low and become a serious threat to society. One alternative energy that can be done is the use of biomass. This biomass can overcome the scarcity of fossil fuels due to the availability of abundant materials in Indonesia. Agricultural waste is used as an alternative fuel because it is abundant and not used optimally. Coconut shells and corn cobs are examples of agricultural solid wastes which increase in production every year. Therefore, these two materials are used as alternative materials for making charcoal briquettes to replace fossil fuels. Charcoal briquettes are solid fuels that contain carbon, burn for a long time, and have a high calorific value. Coconut shells and corn cobs are processed into charcoal and added with binders and further processing is carried out to make briquettes. The adhesive used is PVAc (Polyvinyl Acetate) adhesive. This study used the factorial design method with 8 experiments and the temperature variations used were 400oC and 500oC. The results showed that the best variation of briquettes was the variation of 10 grams of coconut shell and 8 grams of corn cobs with a carbonization temperature of 500oC, these briquettes had a calorific value of 7220.12 Cal/g, ash content of 7.913%, and water content of 7.1%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11045
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11045
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
IbM KELOMPOK INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA KERAJINANALUMUNIUM DAN ALAT DAPUR DI KABUPATENBOYOLALI,MENINGKATKAN PENCETAKAN ALAT DAPUR SECARA MEKANIS
Achmad, Laila Faizah; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIONEGORO
Susanti, Margaretha Tuti; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIONEGORO
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIONEGORO
Paramita, Vita; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIONEGORO
2014-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11045
aluminum; hydraulic press tools; kitchen appliance products
en
Crafts copper and aluminum metal is well known as the only craft villages featured in Bambu Kuning District Boyolali which is the center of industry UKM need to be given guidance and training , especially for UKM that there is little need of such a helping hand for community service programs ( IbM ). IbM basic selection service programs to improve the quality and productivity of the aluminum craft in which the earlier process of making traditional , manually ( using hand -made) in order to become more mechanical craft aluminum kitchen equipment especially produced more precise form, include : Improvement of the manufacturing process of aluminum kitchen utensils mechanically, Design a simple hydraulic press tools according to their ability to operate and care for craftsmen improvement of more uniform product specifications in order to look more attractive.The method offered on IbM activities provide training and guidance to craftsmen on how to operate the hydraulic press tools properly and correct , also perfect the shape of the product so that the resulting shape kitchen tools more precise, more improved quality and can be sold at a higher price also to the wider marketing and export between islands . Plan that will be implemented to produce products in accordance with the Standard of food quality ( SII ) , starting from :1. Improvement of human resources with training and consultation on technology printing process2. Technology improvements equipment by designing a simple hydraulic press toolsTarget outcomes kitchen appliance is able to sell the product in accordance with the SII marketing broader, reaching levels of economical operation in the field of technology , management and promotion through the integration and synchronization of marketing flows from the point of production to the level of use of the product by the user or the user.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14750
2021-01-15T06:11:52Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14750
2021-01-15T06:11:52Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
DAFTAR ISI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNDIP
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14750
DAFTAR ISI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/57084
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/57084
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023; 111-116
Peningkatan Karakteristik Biokomposit Pektin Kulit Jeruk dan TiO2
Silvia, Deli; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta.
Annisa, Siti Nur; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta.
2023-12-22 01:39:54
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/57084
biodegradable; compostable; pektin kulit jeruk; pati porang; TiO2
id
Indonesia menghasilkan sekitar 7,8 juta ton sampah plastik setiap tahunnya. Hampir 83% sampah tersebut berasal dari daratan dan lautan, sisanya 17% berasal dari wilayah pesisir. Limbah ini mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran tanah, air, laut bahkan udara terhadap organisme dan lingkungan. Sehingga perlu adanya alternative dalam penggunaan kemasan, salah satunya dengan penggunaan biokomposit. Kemasan yang bersifat compostable dan biodegradable dengan menggunakan bahan alami. Telah dilakukan penelitian pembuatan biokomposit dari pati porang, pektin kulit jeruk, sorbitol dengan penambahan variasi TiO2 (b/v) (0%, 0,3%, 0,5% dan 0,7%). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis sifat karakteristik biokomposit sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Dengan melakukan pengujian karakteristik biokomposit berupa uji ketebalan, uji kuat tarik, uji elongasi, dan uji elastisitas. Nilai tertinggi pengujian karakteristik biokomposit diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0,7% dengan nilai ketebalan 0,182 mm; kuat tarik 8,473 MPa; elongasi 64,05% dan elastisitas 0,0185 MPa. Hasil yang diperoleh telah dibandingkan dengan nilai SNI, dan telah memenuhi SNI 7188.7:2016 sebagai kantong belanja. Indonesia produces around 7.8 million tons of plastic waste every year. Almost 83% of this waste comes from land and sea, with the remaining 17% coming from coastal areas. This waste causes pollution of soil, water, sea and even air to organisms and the environment. So there needs to be an alternative in the use of packaging, one of which is the use of biocomposites. Packaging that is compostable and biodegradable using natural materials. Research has been conducted on the manufacture of biocomposites from porang starch, orange peel pectin, sorbitol with the addition of TiO2 variations (b/v) (0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of biocomposites according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). By testing the characteristics of biocomposites in the form of thickness test, tensile strength test, elongation test, and elasticity test. The highest value of biocomposite characteristics testing was obtained at a concentration of 0.7% with a thickness value of 0.182 mm; tensile strength of 8.473 MPa; elongation of 64.05% and elasticity of 0.0185 MPa. The results obtained have been compared with SNI values, and have met SNI 7188.7: 2016 as a shopping bag.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1668
2021-01-15T06:09:56Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1668
2021-01-15T06:09:56Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
DAFTAR ISI
Kusumayanti, Heny
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1668
en
DAFTAR ISI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11044
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11044
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016; 39-44
Pengolahan Ubi Jalar ( Ipomoea batatas L) Dengan Sistem Kering Untuk Meningkatkan Komoditas Pangan Lokal
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Ahmad, Laila Faizah; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Setiawati, FS Nugraheni; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGO
Ginting, Sofiani Br; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGO
2018-02-14 15:23:18
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11044
Ubi jalar; tepung ubi jalar; keripik ubi jalar; Sweet potato; sweet potato starch; sweet potato chips
en
Indonesia merupakan negara yang mempunyai banyak tanaman, diantaranya tanaman ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L). Apabila panen tiba harga ubi jalar segar menjadi turun dan umur simpan ubi jalar segar tidak bisa bertahan lama. Masyarakat Indonesia biasa mengkonsumsi ubi jalar antara lain dengan cara direbus, digoreng atau dibuat kolak ubi jalar. Umur simpan dari ubi jalar segar tidak bertahan lama, untuk itu diperlukan cara menanggulangi supaya umur simpan menjadi lebih panjang maka dilakukan pengolahan pangan ubi jalar menjadi tepung ubi jalar. Selain dapat memperpanjang umur simpan ubi jalar, apabila tepung ubi jalar dijual juga bisa menambah pendapatan masyarakat. Pengolahan ubi jalar selain dibuat menjadi tepung ubi jalar, ubi jalar bisa juga dibuat menjadi keripik ubi jalar. Selain bisa dikonsumsi sendiri, masyarakat juga bisa menjual keripik ubi jalar sehingga bisa menambah pendapatannya masyarakat. Sweet Potato Processing (Ipomoea Batatas L) With Dry Systems To Improve Local Food Commodities Indonesia is a country that has a lot of plants, including sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L). If the harvest price of fresh sweet potatoes to be down and the shelf life of fresh sweet potatoes can’t last long. Indonesian society used to eat sweet potatoes, among others with boiled, fried or made sweet potato compote. The shelf life of fresh sweet potatoes did not last long, it needed a way to overcome that shelf life becomes longer then made the food processing sweet potato yams into flour. Besides being able to extend the shelf life of sweet potato, sweet potato flour if the sale also can increase people's income. Sweet potato processing in addition to be made into sweet potato starch, sweet potato can also be made into sweet potato chips. In addition to their own consumption, the public can also sell sweet potato chips so they can add the public revenue.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1800
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1800
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
PRODUKSI SIRUP GLUKOSE DARI PATI SECARA ENZYMATIK
Supriyo, Edy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Kurniawan, Dedy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1800
en
Abstract In the prodacution of tapioca starch, before the starch being dried, glucose syrup could be produced wih ghigh concentrotion of maltose and glucose using enzymatic processes. Hidrolized tapioca starch using a-amylase enzyme which comes from Aspergilus niger produce concentration of syrup i.e. hanya 42,88 %, while using commercial a-amylase enzymes of NOVO (AMG 3001) the conversuion yiled was 114%. Beside the ash content is still high make the syrup colour become cloudy, whilst glucose syrup produced with a-amylase enzymee is very clear. Keywords : syrup glucosa, Aspergilus niger, a-amylase, tapioca starch
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1860
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1860
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
Penerapan Produksi Bersih pada Proses Painting Steel Sebagai Upaya Minimasi Limbah (Studi Kasus Pada Industri Perakiton Sepeda Motor)
Priyambada, Ika Bagus; Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1860
en
Abstract Painting Steel process in some automotive industries uses Spray methode, but this methode produce more liquid waste and solid waste. Waste minimization that can be done by Cleaner Production through implementation of Cotionic Electro Deposition (CED) methode. This methode has a purpose to reduce liquid waste and solid waste to achieve minimum environmental effects. After a comparization beetwen Spray methode and CED methode based on the amount of production, paint consumption, watter consumption, electrical consumption, man power consumption ond waste from the production, the result is CED methode has more economical benefit as much as Rp 556.736. 178,00/month. This analyz doesn't snatch investment. Key words : Cleaner Production, Spray methode, CED methode, saving
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11341
2020-04-17T20:21:05Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11341
2020-04-17T20:21:05Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018; 55-59
Pemanfaatan Minyak Goreng Bekas Menjadi Sabun Mandi
Prihanto, Antonius; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katholik Mangunwijaya
Irawan, Bambang; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katholik Mangunwijaya
2018-12-10 07:22:53
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11341
minyak goreng bekas; sabun mandi; rekayasa
id
Rekayasa produk limbah untuk mengurangi pencemaran dapat memberikan nilai lebih terhadap produk yang di hasilkan. Upaya pemanfaatan limbah minyak goreng bekas untuk diolah menggunakan rekayasa proses menjadi produk yang lebih berguna berupa sabun mandi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi NaOH dan suhu proses terhadap kualitas produk sabun mandi. Pada tahap persiapan, minyak goreng bekas dibersihkan dari pengotornya melalui proses filtrasi dan penetralan dengan larutan NaOH. Minyak goreng bekas yang telah murni dan jernih selanjutnya direaksikan dengan larutan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH 25 %, 30 %, 35 %, 40 % dan 45 % pada suhu proses dengan variasi 30 oC, 35 oC, 40 oC, 45 oC dan 50 oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada konsentrasi larutan NaOH 25 % menghasilkan kualitas sabun terbaik dengan kadar alkali paling kecil yaitu 0.0272 %
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4024
2021-01-15T06:18:20Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4024
2021-01-15T06:18:20Z
METANA
Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Daftar Isi
kusumayanti, heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia FT Undip
2011-07-05 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4024
en
daftar isi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/25948
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/25948
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020; 11-18
Proses Pembuatan Minyak Kelapa Murni dengan Menggunakan Rhizopus Oligosporus
Moehady, Bintang Iwhan; Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Hidayatulloh, Irwan; Politeknik Negeri Bandung
2020-05-30 20:47:25
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/25948
Coconut milk; Rhizopus oligosporus; virgin coconut oil; saponification
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
id
Minyak kelapa murni merupakan bahan makanan yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan konsumsi dan bahan tambahan untuk proses industri. Minyak kelapa murni diproduksi dari bahan baku krim santan yang merupakan hasil pelindihan antara air dengan buah kelapa. Pemecahan emulsi pada santan menggunakan teknik ekstraksi kering (dry extraction) dan teknik ekstraksi basah (wet extraction). Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan proses ekstraksi basah, yaitu secara fermentasi menggunakan inokulum padat berupa mikroba atau ragi yang dikembangkan pada media padat. Proses tersebut dipilih untuk menyesuaikan dengan situasi masyarakat daerah di Indonesia yang banyak menghasilkan kelapa serta menyesuaikan dengan keberadaan ragi tempe yang telah memasyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan minyak kelapa dari bahan baku santan (coconut milk) dengan menggunakan inokulum ragi tempe yang mengandung Rhizopus oligosporus. Hasil minyak kelapa murni akan dianalisa parameternya berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Dari data percobaan di peroleh hasil analisa produk minyak kelapa murni yang paling optimum sesuai dengan SNI adalah percobaan pada variasi jumlah ragi tempe 0.5 gram dengan jumlah minyak yang dihasilkan 91.35 gram dan nilai kekeruhan 1,8 NTU. Hasil analisis kimia dan fisik: Indeks bias: 1,451, Kadar air: 0,3%, Kadar kotoran: 0,023%, Kadar bebas asam lemak: 0,96%, Kadar minyak Pelikan: 1,82%, angka saponifikasi: 262,969 mgKOH / g lemak. Virgin coconut oil is a food ingredient that is widely used as a consumption material and as an additive for industrial processes. The oil produced from coconut milk cream which was the result of leaching between water and coconut. The emulsion in coconut milk then broken by dry extraction method and wet extraction method. In this research the method carried out by a wet extraction process, which used fermentation using microbes or yeast that was developed on solid media. This process was chosen to adapt to the Indonesian people who produced ton coconut each year and in the same time, the tempeh yeast that has been popular in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to obtain virgin coconut oil from coconut milk using yeast inoculum containing Rhizopus oligosporus. The parameters of virgin coconut oil analyzed based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The experimental data obtained from the results of the most optimal analysis of virgin coconut oil in accordance with SNI experiments on the variation of the amount of tempeh yeast 0.5 grams with the amount of oil produced 91.35 grams and turbidity value 1.8 NTU. Chemical and physical analysis results: Refractive index: 1,451, Air content: 0,3%, Dirt content: 0,023%, Free fatty acid level: 0,96%, Pelicans oil content: 1,82%, saponification rate: 262,969 mg KOH /g fat.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6807
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6807
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
KINETIKA HIDROLISIS TRIGLISERIDA RBDPO MENJADI CAMPURAN ASAM LEMAK
Alamsyah, Andi Nur; Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, Bogor
Jl. Tentara Pelajar No.1 Bogor 16111 Fax.0251-8336194
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6807
en
Indonesia is one of largest producer of vegetable oils especially palm oil. The Palm oil commodity is potential to develop. One of the products is fatty acid. Enzymatic hydrolysis with lower pressure and temperature is the method to produce fatty acid. The aim of this research was to develop a kinetic of reaction of hydrolysis to produce fatty acid. The advantage of this research is obtaining an equation rate of enzymatic hydrolysis reaction which could be used to design a commercial scale reactor. A simple Michaelis-Menten model was used to obtain the equation of rate. By non-linear regression curve fitting the equation was tend to first order model, then linear and non-linear regression were utilized to the first order equation rate of reaction. The highest constant was of 0.07minute-1 which obtain from 40oC and w/o ratio of 1:2. Keywords: fatty acid, kinetic of hydrolysis
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1665
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1665
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
Daftar Isi
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia UNDIP
2021-11-11 07:19:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1665
en
Daftar Isi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7618
2021-01-15T06:16:30Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7618
2021-01-15T06:16:30Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
COVER
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7618
en
COVER
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/45600
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/45600
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 57-64
Pemanfaatan Enzim Bromelin dari Tepung Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) untuk Menurunkan Kadar Kafein Kopi pada Proses Pembuatan Sirup Kopi
Hapsari, Azhara Rumba; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Departemen Teknologi Industri Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Broto, R.TD Wisnu; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Departemen Teknologi Industri Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Apriyanti, Eny; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Universitas Pandanaran
2022-06-17 01:55:51
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/45600
Enzim Bromelin; Kafein Kopi; Kadar Gula
id
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemakaian tepung nanas dengan waktu ekstraksi, sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar kafein kopi arabica dengan menggunakan tepung nanas yang mengandung enzim bromelin terhadap penurunan kadar kafein pada pembuatan sirup kopi. Metode yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi. Variabel tetap pada percobaan ini yaitu berat bubuk kopi, variabel bebas untuk percobaan yaitu variasi waktu, massa dan suhu pemasakan kopi sedangkan variabel terikat adalah kondisi kadar kafein. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah analisa yang dilakukan yaitu analisa kadar kafein dan analisa gula. Kadar kafein diperoleh hasil pada waktu 3 jam suhu 50°C dan massa 28 gram merupakan hasil terbaik penurunan kafein yang menghasilkan kadar kafein 1,48 %, sedangkan untuk kadar gula diperoleh 48,77%. Hal ini dikarenakan massa tepung nanas dan waktu ekstraksi yang lama sehingga enzim bromelin dari tepung nanas dapat terekstrak dan dapat menurunkan kadar kafein. This study aims to see the effect of using pineapple flour with extraction time so that it can reduce the caffeine content of Arabica coffee using pineapple flour containing the enzyme bromelain on the reduction of caffeine levels in the manufacture of coffee syrup. The method used is extraction. The fixed variable in this experiment is the weight of the powder coffee, the independent variable for the experiment is the variation of time, mass, and temperature of coffee cooking, while the dependent variable is the condition of caffeine content and sugar analysis. Caffeine content was obtained at a time of 3 hours at a temperature of 50°C and a mass of 28 grams wes the best results for decreasing caffeine which resulted in a caffeine content of 1.48% while for a sugar content of 48,77% it was obtained. This is due to the mass of pineapple flour and the long extraction time so that the bromelain enzyme from pineapple flour can be extracted and can reduce caffeine levels.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9777
2021-01-15T06:10:59Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9777
2021-01-15T06:10:59Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014
Pengantar Redaksi
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9777
en
Pengantar Redaksi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12579
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12579
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
AKUMULATOR, PEMAKAIAN DAN PERAWATANNYA
Setiono, Iman; PSD III Teknik Elektro Universitas Diponegoro
Jalan Prof. Sudarto, SH Tembalang Semarang
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12579
Abstrak Akumulator merupakan sumber tegangan arus searah yang meliputi sumber tegangan sekunder, keberadaannya diperoleh karena sumber tegangan yang lain.Fungsi dari akumulator pada saat ini semakin banyak, terutama sebagai sumber tegangan untuk jenis peralatan yang fleksibel. Dengan semakin banyak jenis peralatan yang menggunakan akumulator, maka akan menjadi lebih banyak jenis akumulator yang ada di pasar. Suatu hal yang paling penting dalam akumulator adalah masalah optimalisasi penggunaan dan pemeliharaan dimana memerlukan perhatian. Sehingga akumulator dapat hidup tahan lama, maka pemeliharaan/perawatan memegang peranan penting, terutama untuk perangkat bergerak, sebagai sarana transportasi yang menggunakan akumulator sebagai sumber energi. Dengan adanya perawatan yang tepat, diharapkan bahwa daya tahan akumulator dapat bertahan hidup dalam jangka waktu cukup lama. Kata kunci: akumulator, pemeliharaan, sumber tegangan. Abstract Accumulator is a direct current voltage source which includes a secondary voltage source, because its existence is obtained due to the voltage source to another. Accumulator on nowadays more and more functions, especially as a voltage source for the type of equipment that is flexible. With more and more types of equipment that use accumulators, then will be the more types of accumulators in the market. A most important thing in the accumulator is a matter of optimizing the use and maintenance that need attention. So that the accumulator can be durable lifetime, then a treatment holds an important role, especially for the move tool, as a means of transportation that use the accumulator as an energy source. With the proper care, it is expected that the durability of the accumulator can survive a period of time long enough. Keywords: accumulator, maintenance, voltage source.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/54292
2023-06-17T15:05:38Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/54292
2023-06-17T15:05:38Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023; 62-68
Pembuatan Pewarna Alami dari Ekstrak Daun Alpukat dengan Penambahan Tawas, Kapur Sirih, dan Tunjung
Lestari, Susi; Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Supriyo, Edy; Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2023-06-17 15:05:01
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/54292
Pewarna alami; Daun alpukat; Fiksasi warna
id
Pewarnaan tekstil dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pewarna dari bahan sintesis dan alami. Pada dasarnya pewarna alami lebih aman digunakan dibandingkan dengan pewarna sintesis. Sedikitnya pencemaran merupakan salah satu keunggulan penggunaan pewarna alami. Daun alpukat berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan pewarna alami karena mengandung tanin yang cukup besar. Tanin dapat menghasilkan zat warna cokelat dan kecokelatan pada kain. Akan tetapi, penggunaan pewarna alami kurang diminati oleh masyarakat karena hasil pewarnaan yang kurang mencolok jika dibandingkan dengan pewarna sintesis. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan inovasi pembuatan pewarna alami tekstil dengan variasi penambahan zat fiksasi warna. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan variasi warna pewarna alami yang dihasilkan dan meningkatkan ketahanan luntur warnanya. Terdapat empat sampel dengan variabel bebas yang berbeda. Variabel bebas yang digunakan yakni jenis zat fiksasi yang ditambahkan dalam sampel. Sampel F0 merupakan sampel kontrol tanpa penambahan zat fiksasi, Sampel F1 dengan penambahan zat fiksasi tawas 0,05 M, sampel F2 dengan penambahan zat fiksasi kapur sirih 0,05 M, dan sampel F3 dengan penambahan zat fiksasi tunjung 0,05 M. Sampel hasil fiksasi warna dilakukan pengujian absorbansi serta ketahanan luntur. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil terbaik Textile coloring can be done using dyes from synthetic and natural materials. Basically, natural dyes are safer to use than synthetic dyes. Little pollution is one of the advantages of using natural dyes. Avocado leaves have the potential to be used as natural dyes because they contain a large amount of tannins. Tannins can produce brown and brown dyes on fabrics. However, the use of natural dyes is less attractive to the public because the coloring results are less conspicuous when compared to synthetic dyes. In this research, an innovation was made in the manufacture of natural textile dyes with variations in the addition of color fixation agents. The purpose of this research is to increase the color variations of the natural dyes produced and to increase their color fastness. There were four samples with different independent variables. The independent variable used is the type of fixing agent added to the sample. Sample F0 was a control sample without the addition of fixing agent, Sample F1 with the addition of 0.05 M alum fixative, F2 sample with the addition of 0.05 M whiting fixing agent, and F3 sample with the addition of 0.05 M tunjung fixative.Samples resulting from color fixation were tested for absorbance and fastness. From this study, the best results were obtained on sample F1 (alum fixation) with an absorbance of 0.6914 and dye absorption of 0.1150 mol/L and the results of the color fastness test on a scale of 4 (good).
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1653
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1653
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH TERPADU 3R (REDUCE-REUSE-RECYCLE), PEMBUATAN KOMPOS DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK
Dharma, Budhi; Program Diploma III Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2021-11-11 07:18:59
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1653
en
Abstract Garbage represents the waste product of household activities in solid as well as half solid forms. They derive from human settlement, market, commercial areas, offices, industrial zones, ranch and other public facilities. Implementing the 3-R progrom (Reduce-Reuse- Recycle), such as : separating various kinds of garbage from its source, development of garbage composting and integrated use of garage recycling product in human settlement area is regarded as an effective way to solve the garbage problem.The 3 - R program is expected to increase understanding and awareness among the community members about environmental health and also to minimize garbage disposal to the final garbage disposal plant. Key word: garbage, reduce, reuse, recycle, compos
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/17508
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17508
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016; 9-12
Pengaruh Perbaikan Instalasi Penerangan Terhadap Tahanan Isolasi, Tegangan Dan Kuat Cahaya Yang Dihasilkan
Setiono, Iman; Program Studi Teknik Elektro Departemen Teknologi Industri
Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Moedijono, Moedijono; Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2018-02-03 14:18:10
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17508
Installation; lighting; lighting level; Instalasi; lampu; tingkat pencahayaan
en
Fungsi dari lampu adalah untuk membuat penerangan buatan khususnya pada malam hari. Tingkat kualitas pencahayaannya menjadi prioritas agar supaya lampu dapat diberdayakan se maksimal mungkin. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas tingkat pencahayaan pada lampu adalah keandalan instalasi, stabilitas besarnya tegangan listrik dan kualitas lampunya sendiri. Dengan berdasarkan faktor yang tersebut diatas , maka dilakukan perbaikan instalasi penerangan.Yang menjadi tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk memperbaiki instalasi penerangan sehingga dapat di berdayakan semaksimal mungkin. Metode yang digunakan adalah teknis aplikatif, artinya dilakukan dengan langsung terjun kelapangan untuk memberikan contoh cara-cara memperbaiki lampu penerangan yang baik dan benar sesuai dengan kaidah yang ada.Hasilyang diperoleh ternya ada pengaruh antara kualitas instalasi penerangan dengan tahanan isolasi , tegangan kerja lampu , serta kuat cahaya yang dihasilkan.Harga tahanan isolasi meningkat secara signifikan berkisar antara 200 sampai 218 M ohm, tegangan kerja antara 198 sampai dengan 220 volt , sedangkan kuat cahaya yang dihasilkan adalah ntara 1460 sampai dengan 1500 lumen. Hal ini dapat dipahami karena dengan instalasi yang bagus , maka kerugian-kerugian yang ditimbulkan karena instalasi sudah saat diganti dapat dihindari , hal sesuai ketentuan yang ada di Peraturan Umum Instalasi Listrik.(PUIL). Abstract Effect of Improvement of Lighting Installation on Isolation Resistant, Voltage And Strong Light Generated The function of the lamp is to make artificial lighting especially at night. The level of lighting quality is a priority so that the lights can be empowered to the maximum possible. Some of the factors that affect the quality of the lighting level on the lamp are the reliability of the installation, the stability of the magnitude of the voltage and the quality of the lamp itself. Based on the factors mentioned above, the repair of lighting installation is done. The goal of this program is to improve the lighting installation so that it can be done as much as possible. The method used is technical applicative, meaning that is done with direct plunge spaciousness to give examples of ways to improve the lighting of good and correct in accordance with existing rules. The result is that there is an influence between the quality of the lighting installation with the isolation resistance, the working voltage of the lamp, and the resulting light strength. The insulation resistance rate increases significantly between 200 to 218 M ohms, the working voltage is between 198 to 220 volts, Resulting from 1460 to 1500 lumens. This can be understood because with a good installation, the losses caused by the installation when replaced can be avoided, in accordance with the provisions of the General Electric Installation Regulations (PUIL).
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1774
2021-01-15T06:19:37Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1774
2021-01-15T06:19:37Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
PEDOMAN PENULISAN
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1774
en
PEDOMAN PENULISAN
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18016
2020-04-17T20:20:40Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18016
2020-04-17T20:20:40Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017; 55-57
Peran Laminar Air Flow Cabinet Dalam Uji Mikroorganisme Untuk Menunjang Keselamatan Kerja Mahasiswa Di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi
Harjanto, Sri; Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan, Departemen Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro
Raharjo, Raharjo; Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan, Departemen Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro
2017-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18016
Microorganism; Laminar Air Flow, Mikroorganisme, Laminar Air Flow
en
Keamanan dan keselamatan kerja di lingkungan laboratorium sangat dibutuhkan , seperti di laboratorium mikrobiologi. Untuk menunjang hal tersebut di atas peran Laminar air flow cabinet dirasa sangat penting akan keberadaannya karena mempunyai tingkat keamana dan keselamatan bagi pemakai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan jika kita masih menggunakan peralatan sederhana seperti inkas. Lebih –lebih untuk penanganan bakteri yang bersifat patogen. Di laboratorium mikrobiologi ini melayani mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah praktikum pendidikan juga mahasiswa yang sedang menyelesaikan penelitian Tugas Akhir. Dengan Laminar air flow cabinet ini didukung kedisiplinan serta bekerja sesuai peraturan tata tertib yang ada diharapkan bisa membantu menyelesaikan tugas dan bisa memberikan perlindungan serta rasa aman bagi mahasiswa tersebut. The role of laminar air flow cabinet in the test of microorganism to presurve work safetyin student microbiology laboratory Safety and safety in the laboratory environment is needed, as in the microbiology laboratory. To support the above, the role of Laminar air flow cabinet feels very important to its existence because it has a level of security and safety for users who are higher than if we still use simple equipment such as inkas. More-for the handling of bacteria that are pathogenic. In this microbiology laboratory serves students who take courses of educational practicum as well as students who are completing research Final Assignment. With Laminar air flow cabinet is supported by discipline and work according to existing rules of order are expected to help complete the task and can provide protection and a sense of security for the student.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/19172
2020-04-17T20:21:02Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/19172
2020-04-17T20:21:02Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018; 25-30
Analisa Kadar Lemak Dalam Susu Perah Sapi Menggunakan Gaya Sentrifugasi
Masruroh, Hidayatul; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Masruroh, Ulla Disky; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Nugraheni, Fransisca Sri; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Paramita, Vita; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-06-04 13:13:33
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/19172
susu sapi; centrifugasi; kadar lemak; cow's milk; centrifugation; fat contentsusu sapi; sentrifugasi; kadar lemak; suhu; cow's milk; centrifugation; fat content; storage
en
Selama berabad-abad susu telah dikenal sebagai bahan pangan yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia, karena susu banyak mengandung semua komponen bahan yang diperlukan oleh manusia. Kandungan terbesar susu adalah air dan lemak. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian kandungan lemak pada susu sapi murni menggunakan gaya sentrifugasi, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel berubah, berupa suhu yang digunakan dalam penimpanan susu yaitu 50C, 250C dan 300C, putaran yang digunakan selama percobaan yaitu 1772 rpm, 2080 rpm, 2455 rpm, 3266 rpm, dan 4080 rpm serta waktu yang digunakan yaitu 15 menit, 20 menit dan 25 menit terhadap pemisahan lemak dalam susu sapi murni. Uji analisa pada penelitian ini meliputi uji kandungan lemak, pH, densitas dan viskositas. Pada penelitian tersebut variabel paling optimal yaitu susu pada suhu 300C dengan kecepatan putaran 2455 rpm dan dalam waktu 25 menit mendapatkan hasil kandungan lemak sebesar 2,5ml. Sedangkan hasil pengukuran pH dari ketiga variabel mendapatkan hasil 6,5. Untuk densitas hasil yang didapat yaitu 1,014;1,052; 1,036 masing-masing pada suhu 50C,250C,300C dan untuk viskositas sebesar 1,46. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak perbedaan signifikan pengaruh kecepatan putaran sentrifugasi terhadap densitas, pH maupun viskositas. Namun terdapat pengaruh putaran kecepatan sentrifugasi terhadap kadar lemak yang terpisahkan. Semakin tinggi suhu penyimpanan disertai peningkatan kecepatan putaran sentrifugasi, maka semakin tinggi kadar lemak yang terpisahkan. Fat Content Separation Analysis from Dairy Milk by using Centrifuge For centuries dairy has been well known as the food needed by humans, due to its benefits for growth. The major content of milk is water and fat. This study examined the fat content of pure cow's milk using centrifugation force, with the aim to know the effect of independent variables, such as the temperature used in milk storage (5, 25 and 30 0C), the rotation speed of centrifugation (1772, 2080, 2455, 3266, and 4080 rpm) and the centrifugation time (15, 20 and 25 minutes) against the separation of fat in pure cow's milk. The analysis was including fat content test, pH, density and viscosity. In this study, the most optimum variables of fat content separation from milk (2.5 ml) were found at temperature of 300C with the centrifugation speed of 2455 rpm rotation and within 25 minutes. While, there were no different of the pH (6.5) and viscosity (1.46) regarding to the dependent variables. For the density, the results obtained are 1.014, 1.052; 1,036 for each at 50C, 250C, 300C. The result showed that there were no significant difference in the effect of centrifugation rotation speed to density, pH and viscosity. However, increasing the centrifugation rotation speed increased the fat content. The higher the storage temperature along with the increased speed of the centrifugation cycle, were resulted the higher the separated fat content.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/3841
2018-02-04T15:01:41Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3841
2018-02-04T15:01:41Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 02 (2009): Desember 2009
PEMODELAN TERMODINAMIKA STEAM REFORMER UNTUK PRODUKSI GAS H2 MENGGUNAKAN GAS ALTERNATIF HASIL PEMBAKARAN COKES
Wikanta, Deddy Kurniawan; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3841
en
Abstract Most of H2 gas industry produce its product from natural gas by reforming. Availability of natural gas stay no longer. One of alternative substitute gas is flue gas from cokes. The problem is how to model thermodynamically the reformer so that it operates as same in order compare with using natural gas. For this reason it needs to be simulated thermodynamic model to know the process tendency to succeed. This research is done in 2 step, namely : thermodynamic modelling and simulation. The result give recommendation that flue gas from cokes can be used as gas substitute to feed reformer. Keywords : reformer; thermodynamic
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/26046
2020-04-28T18:53:56Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/26046
2020-04-28T18:53:56Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019; 49-56
Model Sistem Monitoring pH dan Kekeruhan pada Akuarium Air Tawar berbasis Internet of Things
Tadeus, Dista Yoel; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Azazi, Khasnan; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Ariwibowo, Didik; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2019-11-27 21:28:30
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/26046
Aquarium; turbidity; acidity; IoT
id
Ikan hias dan vegetasi air memiliki rentang toleransi terhadap nilai parameter lingkungan. Parameter tersebut hendaknya senantiasa diawasi demi kelangsungan hidupnya. Internet of Things (IoT) telah dimanfaatkan sebagai sistem monitoring dan otomasi parameter lingkungan ikan dan vegetasi air namun sistem ini membutuhkan biaya yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan suatu model sistem monitoring berbasis IoT berbiaya rendah untuk memberikan informasi parameter pH dan kekeruhan air setiap saat kepada pemilik ikan hias. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan komponen opensource dan sensor berbiaya rendah. Data monitoring digunakan untuk mengaktifkan aktuator berupa filter air. Filter akan aktif apabila tingkat kekeruhan air sudah melebihi batas kekeruhan yang ditentukan. Pengujian kekeruhan air aquarium menunjukkan saat kekeruhan mencapai 3000 ntu pukul 14.12 pompa aktif dan filter bekerja sampai kekeruhan berada pada nilai 498 ntu pada pukul 17.00 dan pompa mati secara otomatis. Nilai pH dan kekeruhan air berhasil ditampilkan dengan baik di aplikasi Blynk pada ponsel. Hasil pengujian menyimpulkan bahwa sistem monitoring yang dikembangkan telah berhasil diimplementasikan dengan baik. Ornamental fish and aquatic vegetation have a tolerance range of environmental parameter values. These parameters should always be monitored for survival. Internet of Things (IoT) has been utilized as a monitoring and automation system for environmental parameters of fish and aquatic vegetation, but this system requires high costs. The purpose of this study is to develop a low-cost IoT-based monitoring system model to provide information on pH parameters and water turbidity at any time to ornamental fish owners. This system is built using opensource components and low-cost sensors. Monitoring data is used to activate the actuator in the form of a water filter. The filter will active if the turbidity level of water has exceeded the specified turbidity limit. The aquarium water turbidity test showed that when the turbidity reached 3000 ntu at 14.12 the pump was active and the filter worked until the turbidity was at 498 ntu at 17.00 and the pump automatically shut down. The pH value and the turbidity of the water were successfully displayed in the Blynk application on the cellphone. The test results concluded that the monitoring system developed was successfully implemented.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4912
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4912
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
FORMULASI MIKROENKAPSUL OLEORESIN KAYUMANIS (Cinnamon burmanni) DAN CENGKEH (Caryophillus aromaticus Linn)
Arifan, Fahmi; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Wikanta, Deddy Kurniawan; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4912
en
Product development spices such as cinnamon and cloves in the form of oleoresin microcapsules cinnamon and cloves that can be used as a natural preservative because of its potential as an antioxidant and antimicrobial as well as a flavoring agent (agent taste) in food products. In this research, formulation of microcapsules to obtain microcapsules pleoresin cloves and cinnamon. Optimal extraction results obtained at 50 ° C, pressure of 350 bar, the efficiency of clove and cinnamon bark amounted to 17.24% and 1.16% of khromatography Cinnamaldehye analysis of cinnamon was 96.7%, moderate levels of eugenol clove 72, 08%. Terstabil emulsion composition with a ratio of lecithin; gum arabic; malto dextrin and CMC (10; 90, 10, 10), emulsion terstabil microcapsules made with two formulas, formula A with clove oleoresin composition is more dominant, and the composition of formula B with composition oleoresin microcapsules cinnamon bark is more dominant, the results for the microencapsulation formula A 8 (1:4) was 85.98% and B8 formula (4:1) 89.13%. Key word : oleoresin clove, cinnamon-microencapsulated
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/33636
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/33636
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021; 7-14
Komposit Kolang-Kaling Dan Tepung Tapioka Dengan Penambahan Berbagai Jenis Plasticizer
Indarti, Laurentina Dinia Eka; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya Semarang
Purnavita, Sari; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya Semarang
Pratiwi, Mumpuni Asih; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya Semarang
2021-05-08 13:34:23
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/33636
Bioplastik; kolang-kaling; komposit; tepung tapioka
id
Plastik komersial dimasyarakat sangatlah digemari. Namun, penggunaan plastik komersial sebagai bahan pengemas saat ini mulai dikurangi karena plastik dari bahan sintetik kimia ini sulit diurai oleh mikroba dan membutuhkan waktu cukup lama untuk terurai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh rasio bahan baku dan pengaruh jenis plasticizer terhadap karakteristik bioplastik. Pembuatan bioplastik dilakukan dengan menimbang 20 g campuran bahan dengan rasio kolang-kaling : tepung tapioka. Metode yang dilakukan dengan memanaskan tepung tapioka dan aquadest dalam beaker glass hingga terjadi gelatinasi. Selanjutnya menambah bubur kolang-kaling dan plasticizer sesuai rasio yang ditetapkan. Lalu, campuran tersebut dipanaskan pada suhu 70℃ sambil diaduk selama 15 menit kemudian dilakukan degassing process. Campuran dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 60℃ selama 24 jam. Pada variabel ke dua, proses dilakukan dengan berbagai jenis plasticizer. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh FT-IR (alkohol, alkana dan alkena), rasio bahan baku terbaik 3 : 1. Rasio bahan baku 3:1 menghasilkan nilai tensile strength sebesar 10,05 MPa, elongation sebesar 22,325 % dan ketahanan air sebesar 57,41 %, serta mampu terdegradasi dengan mudah. Penelitian dengan variabel bebas jenis plasticizer menunjukkan bahwa dengan plasticizer gliserol diperoleh nilai tensile strength dan elongation tertinggi yaitu sebesar 7,08 MPa dan 19,48 %, ketahanan air sebesar 50 %, dan bioplastik yang dihasilkan paling mudah terdegradasi. Commercial plastic in the community is very popular. However, the use of commercial plastics as packaging materials is now starting to be reduced because plastics from these chemical synthetic materials are difficult to decompose by microbes and take a long time to decompose. This study aims to study the influence of raw material ratio and the influence of plasticizer type on bioplastic characteristics. Bioplastic making is done by weighing 20 g of mixed ingredients with kolang-kaling ratio: tapioca flour. The method is done by heating tapioca flour and aquadest in beaker glass until gelatination occurs. Next add the kolang-kaling porridge and plasticizer according to the ratio set. Then, the mixture is heated at 70°C while stirring for 15 minutes then degassing process. The mixture is dried in the oven at 60°C for 24 hours. In the second variable, the process is carried out with various types of plasticizers. The results of this study obtained FT-IR (alcohol, alkanes and alkenes), the ratio of the best raw materials 3 : 1. The 3:1 raw material ratio produces tensile strength of 10.05 MPa, elongation of 22.325% and water resistance of 57.41%, and is able to degrade easily. Research with plasticizer-free variable type shows that with glycerol plasticizer obtained tensile strength and elongation highest value of 7.08 MPa and 19.48%, water resistance of 50%, and bioplastic produced most easily degraded.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7206
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7206
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
STUDI PENGARUH METODE PEMBUATAN DAN SUMBER BAHAN BAKU PADA PROSES PRODUKSI KATALIS DARI ZEOLIT ALAM
Widayat, Widayat; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fak Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Satriadi, H; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fak Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Roesyadi, Achmad; Laboratorium Teknik Reaksi Kimia Jurusan Teknik Kimia
Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Kampus Sukolilo ITS
Rachimoellah, H M; Laboratorium Teknik Reaksi Kimia Jurusan Teknik Kimia
Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Kampus Sukolilo ITS
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7206
en
Abstract Indonesia has the potential for considerable natural zeolites. This natural zeolites, silica deposits typically have amounted to 60%, it also contains components of alumina. Silica and alumina oxide compound that can be used as a catalyst, particularly in the process of dehydration. This research aims to study the influence of the method of manufacture of catalysts in the production process of natural zeolite catalyst. The observed response is the surface area in comparison with silica, alumina and kristalitas. The surface area is measured by the method kristalitas and BET with XRD analysis as well as the composition of the silica-alumina with AAS. The methods used in this research is the process of exchanging ions-development with alcohol and dealuminiation process with hydrochloric acid solution. The raw materials used are natural zeolite from Malang, Lampung Province and Regency of Gunung Kidul. The results showed that dealuminasi process with hydrochloric acid produces a better surface area compared to the ion exchange process and development with alcohol. Besides the resulting catalyst with silicate dealuminasi process is a catalyst if the raw material of the Regency of Gunung Kidul and mordenite type if the raw materials used originate from Malang. Key words : Zeolite catalyst, natural zeolites, surface area, crystallite,Si/Al comparison
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/42267
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42267
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 7-13
Perancangan Perahu Pemungut Sampah Plastik yang Mengapung di Pesisir Danau Matano
Harman, Harman; Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Akademi Teknik Soroako
Jasman, Jasman; Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Akademi Teknik Soroako
Israkwaty, Israkwaty; Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Akademi Teknik Soroako
2022-06-17 01:55:32
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42267
Perahu; Sampah; Plastik; Gaya apung
id
Sampah plastik yang menumpuk di pesisir danau Matano merupakan akumulasi dari perilaku masyarakat selama bertahun-tahun membuang sampah di sembarang tempat yang pada akhirnya terbawa air ke Danau Matano. Diperlukan upaya bersama antara masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah guna menanggulangi penumpukan sampah tersebut. Meskipun telah dilakukan upaya pembersihan, namun penumpukan sampah masih terlihat di beberapa titik. Salah satu kendala karena sulitnya menjangkau area yang berada di air yang bercampur lumpur, serta keberadaannya di bawah rumah-rumah warga setempat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang perahu yang dapat menjangkau area penumpukan sampah di air, serta mengangkat sampah tersebut ke atas perahu secara otomatis menggunakan metode pembanding. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa gambar rancangan menggunakan software Autodesk Inventor yang siap dilakukan proses Fabrikasi dengan ukuran utama 3740 x 2000 x 800 (L x B x D). Pengujian dilakukan melalui analisis berat yaitu sebesar 179,97 kg, dengan gaya apung sebesar 606,53 kg, sedangkan volume lambung yang akan tenggelam ketika berada pada kapasitas maksimal sebesar 79,13%. Dari hasil tersebut, perahu akan dapat berfungsi sebagaimana yang diharapkan. A piled of plastic waste has been seen across the shore of Lake Matano. This has become the results of local people’s bad behavior for years for not throwing their garbage to its place. Those waste has been carried by the stream and forms such a disturbing plastic pile along the shore, and had raised some environmental concerns over this behavior. Therefore, this requires serious attention particularly from the community and local government for solution. There have been some actions taken for trying to solve it, however, similar pile is still found in some hotspots. There has been some limitation to those actions, for example to reach areas under the water that has already been mixed with muds for a long time, and those which has been stack under houses of the local’s residents. This research aimed at designing a garbage boat that shall able to collecting the waste, particularly plastic in some difficult hotspots mentioned above automatically by the use of a comparison method. The result is a drawing design generated by the Autodesk Inventor software which is ready for next step, the fabrication process. The main dimension of the boat is 3740x2000x800 (L x B x D). A test was done specifically on the weight of the boat which approximately 177.97kg, with a buoyancy force of 606,53 kg, Then the volume for the hull part would sink whenever reach its ‘capacity of 79,13%. Under this current estimation, the whole part is ready for operation.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9772
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9772
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014; 12-17
KINETIKA FERMENTASI LIMBAH KULIT NANAS DAN PRODUKTIVITAS ETANOL
Pramashinta, Alice; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Jl. Prof Sudharto Tembalang Semarang
Abdullah, Abdullah; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Jl. Prof Sudharto Tembalang Semarang
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9772
en
Abstract In this research studied the effect of initial total sugar concentration of pineapple peel waste in cell concentration, total sugar consumption and ethanol production profile. Pineapple peel fermentation is done by batch system for 60 hours with various intial total sugar 30, 50 and 70 g/L. Batch fermentation profiles showed that the optimum total sugar concentration was 70 g/L which resulted highest ethanol productivity 0.617 g/L/h when compared with total sugar concentration 30 g/L and 50 g/L. Kinetic parameters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch fermentation using pineapple peel waste as substrate were also studied. Growth kinetic parameter was determined by Monod equation. Growth rate specific maximum 0.032 jam-1 and Monod constant Ks 17.18 g/L. Keywords: bioethanol, pineapple, batch, kinetic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Abstrak Pada penelitian ini akan dipelajari pengaruh konsentrasi gula total awal dari limbah kulit nanas pada profil pembentukan sel, konsumsi gula total dan produksi etanol. Fermentasi limbah kulit nanas dilakukan dengan sistem batch selama 60 jam dengan variasi gula total awal sebesar 30, 50 dan 70 g/L. Profil fermentasi batch menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi gula total optimum adalah 70 g/L yang menghasilkan produktivitas etanol tertinggi 0,617 g/L/jam bila dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi gula total 30 g/L dan 50 g/L. Parameter kinetika dari Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam fermentasi batch menggunakan limbah kulit nanas sebagai substrat juga dipelajari. Parameter kinetika pertumbuhan ditentukan dengan persamaan Monod. Kecepatan pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum 0,032 jam-1 dan konstanta Monod Ks 17,18 g/L. Kata kunci: bioetanol, nanas, batch, kinetika, Saccharomyces cereviseae
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/52666
2023-06-17T15:05:37Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/52666
2023-06-17T15:05:37Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023; 21-28
Valorization of red ginger hydrodistillation wastes as foot sanitizers
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/download/52666/168561
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/download/52666/168562
Dante, Puntigavere; Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran
Mardawati, Efri; Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran
Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran
Ningrum, Riska Surya; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproduct, National Research and Innovation Agency
Dewantoro, Awaly Ilham; Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran
Munajat, Munajat; PT. Sinkona Indonesia Lestari, Jl. Raya Ciater Km. 171 Subang, West Java 41281, Indonesia
2023-06-17 15:04:46
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/52666
Coffee Extracts; Red Ginger Hydrosols; Staphylococcus aureus; Zingiber officinale;
en
Red ginger is known as one of the medicinnal and aromatic plants that have high value in the form of essential oils. The distillation of red ginger essential oils required large amounts of water, and then most of the water was disposed of as wastewater. This wastewater is known as hydrosol, which still contains a small amount of essential oils and secondary metabolites such as zingiberene and geraniol. These compounds were considered to have the potential to be utilized in cosmetic products such as foot sanitizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate a foot sanitizer product based on red ginger hydrosol that combined with coffee extracts based on its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the physical characteristics of the product. Foot sanitizer was produced in three formulations with different concentration (in percentage) of red ginger hydrosols and coffee extracts consist of F1 (45:25), F2 (35:35), and F3 (25:45). The results showed the F3 formulation provided the largest antibacterial inhibition (2.89±0.60 mm) compared to other formulations. The F3 formulation has a physical characteristics such as coffee scent aroma, a dark brown color, a pH of 5.5, a density of 960.73 kg/m3 and has a weak antibacterial activity. Based on the comparison results with previous studies, the utilization of coffee extracts in red ginger hydrosols-based foot sanitizer needs to be substitued with other natural extracts, especially having a strong antibacterial activity. It should be carried out to increase the potential value of valorizing red ginger hydrosols as foot sanitizer.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11052
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11052
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
PEDOMAN PENULISAN NASKAH JURNAL METANA
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITASV DIPONEGORO
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11052
en
PEDOMAN PENULISAN NASKAH JURNAL METANA
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1643
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1643
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI LIMBAH KOTORAN SAPI PERAH DENGAN REAKTOR BIOGAS SISTEM BATCH DI DESA LEREP KABUPATEN UNGARAN
Widjajanto, Didik Wisnu; Jur. Nutrisi & Makanan Ternak . Fak. Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro, Kampus Tembalang, Semarang
Kusumayanti, Heny; Teknik Kimia PSD III, Fak Teknik Universitas Diponegoro, Kampus Tembalang, Semarang
Rejeki, Sri; llmu
Kelautan. Fak. Perikanan & llmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Kampus Tembalang, Semarang
2021-11-11 07:18:59
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1643
en
Abstract Biogas is mixed gas of methane(CH4), carbondioxide (CO2) and others which is produced as a result of moterial degradation of organic material such as animal and humon feces or plant byproduct by methanagen bacterial activity in biodigester. The present work is aimed to produce biogas fromfeces of milk cow. Biogas reactor used is built by IbM team of "IbM Peternak sapi Perah Penghasil Biogas di larep-Ungaran" (batch system). Result of present work revealed that 4 m3 biogas reactor with batch system is able to produce biogas starting doy 4. ln the following day, the biogas production increase and reach peak on day seven which is produce 42,85 liter of mix gas or 25,71 liter of methana gas Keywords : biogas. batch system, cow feces http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/editor/viewMetadata/1643
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14754
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14754
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
PEMANFAATAN MINYAK JELANTAH UNTUK PEMISAHAN PATCHOULI ALKOHOL MINYAK NILAM DENGAN DESTILASI EKSTRAKTIF
Hidayatna, Deden; Program Studi D III Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50275
Ariyanto, Hermawan Dwi; Program Studi D III Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50275
Pudjihastuti, Isti; Program Studi D III Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50275
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14754
Abstract Patchouli oil is an essential oil obtained from the leaves of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) by distillation. Oil is a non-oil export commodities among the most volatile oil exports in Indonesia. Patchouli oil exports in 2004 amounted to 1295 tons, while exports of the whole essential oil was 2633 tons (BPS, 2006). So that nearly 50% of volatile oil exports, dominated by patchouli oil. Patchouli oil are not only used as perfuming ingredients, can also be used as a drag scent perfumes other perfuming ingredients that do not quickly lose aroma and more durable (fixative) in the manufacture of perfumes, cosmetics and soap. Even today, the patchouli oil many developed toward drug product. This is because the essential oil contains more than 24 types of sesquiterpene, which has the potential as anti-cancer compounds, anti-microbial, anti-inflamatory, antibiotics and anti-microbial and anti-tumor. One component of patchouli oil potential and have a very high sale value of patchouli alcohol. Almost all the components of patchouli alcohol can produce the flavor and health products and medicines, and some researchers have attempted to separate them. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the essential oil of patchouli alcohol by combining the extraction and distillation in one column using a solvent used frying oil. This process is known as extractive distillation. Used frying oil is a solvent that can bind impuritas and alter the relative volatility of components in the original condition. This research started with the design and manufacture vacuum extractive distillation. A preliminary study conducted to determine the pressure relatively well for use in the purification process pathcouli alcohol patchouli oil. This pressure was varied in two variables, 3, 4 and 5 mmHg with a temperature of 110, 120,130,140, and 150oC. While the distillation time set two, four, six and eight hours, expected in this range at all pathchouli alcohol distillate. sample of each distillate was analyzed using gas chromatografi. advantages of our lab is able to replace the function of n-hexane as a solvent that has been used conventionally and transformed to enable the use of waste cooking oil is recovered the former (oil Jelantah).Keyword :extractive destillation, flavour,patchouli oil
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1720
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1720
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
PENYISIHAN KONSENTRASI TIMBAL (Pb) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBENT ABU ENDAPAN BATU BARA (STUDI KASUS : AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI PERCETAKAN SEMARANG)
Hardyanti, Nurandani; PS Teknik Lingkungan FT Undip
Syafrudin, Syafrudin; PS Teknik Lingkungan FT Undip
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1720
en
Abstract Offset industries produced waste water contained lead contaminant and had pollution potential for environment. One of method to remove waste water contained lead was used bottom ash as adsorbent. This research was to know the ability of bottom ash to reduce lead in artificial waste water with concentration of lead was 20.64 mg/l in the batch and continuous processes. For the batch processes, bottom ash was used as independent variable of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 weight gram and highest removal efficiency up to 72.09-90.84%. While in continuous process experimental used column with diameter of 2 inch, discharge of 760 ml/minute, and influent concentration of 15 mg/l, 20mg/1, and 25 mg/l. Highest efficiency of removing lead was 73%-92.93%. With velocity constanst was 0.416-0.490 ml/mg. Second while operational capacity was 0.069-0.081 mg/g. Keywords:offset, adsorption, waste water, lead, coal bottom ash
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11340
2020-04-17T20:20:14Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11340
2020-04-17T20:20:14Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017; 30-36
Pengaruh Temperatur, Konsentrasi Katalis Dan Rasio Molar Metanol-Minyak Terhadap Yield Biodisel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Melalui Proses Netralisasi-Transesterifikasi
Prihanto, Antonius; Program Studi D3 Teknik Kimia
Akademi Kimia Industri Santo Paulus Semarang
Irawan, T.A. Bambang; Program Studi D3 Teknik Kimia
Akademi Kimia Industri Santo Paulus Semarang
2018-02-14 15:23:49
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11340
biodiesel; used cooking oil; biodisel yield; neutralization-transesterification; biodiesel; minyak goreng bekas; yield biodisel; netralisasi-transesterifikasi
en
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan biodisel dari minyak goreng bekas melalui proses netralisasi-transesterifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh temperatur terhadap yield biodiesel, pengaruh konsentrasi katalis terhadap yield biodiesel dan pengaruh rasio molar methanol-minyak goreng bekas terhadap yield biodiesel melalui proses netralisasi dan transesterifikasi. Untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses transesterifikasi terbaik, maka dikaji pengaruh variasi suhu (30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC), variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH (0,75 %, 1 %, 1,25 %, 1,5 %, 1,75 %) dan rasio molar metanol-minyak (6:1; 7:1; 8:1; 9:1; 10:1) terhadap yield biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari minyak goreng bekas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada rasio 6 : 1, konsentrasi katalis KOH 1 % pada suhu 60 oC mengahasilkan yield biodiesel maksimal sebesar 87,3 %. Effect of Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Methanol-Oil Molar Ratio Against Biodiesel Yield from Used Cooking Oil Through Neutralization Transesterification ProcessA research has been conducted on the making of biodiesel from used cooking oil through a neutralization-transesterification process. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on biodiesel yield, the effect of catalyst concentration on biodiesel yield and the effect of molar ratio of methanol to used biodiesel yield through neutralization and transesterification process. To obtain the best transesterification process condition, the effect of temperature variation (30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC), KOH catalyst concentration variation (0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, 1,5 %, 1.75%) and the molar ratio of methanol-oil (6: 1; 7: 1; 8: 1; 9: 1; 10: 1) to the yield of biodiesel produced from used cooking oil. The results showed at a ratio of 6: 1, the concentration of 1% KOH catalyst at 60 ° C resulted in a maximum biodiesel yield of 87.3%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1831
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1831
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
MESIN PENGIRIS KENTANG SISTEM SENTRIFUGAL
Suharto, Suharto; Staf Pengajar Teknik Mesin Polines
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1831
en
Abstrak Pengolahan kentang menjadi keripik merupakan tahapan pascapanen yang ditempuh untuk pengembangan penganekaragaman produk dan peningkatan nilai tambah Metode yang digunakan dimulai dengan proses mengiris kentang segar menjadi irisan tipis dengan ketebalan 2 mm. Hasil merancang dan membuat mesin ini diperoleh mesin pengiris kentang sistem silinder pemutar dengan kapasitas 350 kg yang dapat diproses selama 1 jam, dan dimensi mesin dengan panjang 600 mm, lebar 400 mm, dan tinggi l000 mm dengan penggerak motor listrik 1 HP. Pengaturan pisau sebelum menggunakan mesin untuk mendapatkan ketebalan hasil irisan yang diinginkan. Pemakaian material sebaiknya dipilih stainles steel (baja tahan karat) untuk memberikan higienes bagi makanan Kata kunci : Mesin, pengiris, kentang sentrifugal
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/19162
2020-04-17T20:20:54Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/19162
2020-04-17T20:20:54Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018; 1-6
Kandungan Antioksidan pada Kubis Merah (Brassica oleracea L.) Dan Aplikasinya Pada Pembuatan Kerupuk
Putri, Aldila Sagitaning; Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Semarang
Kristiani, Endang i Bekti; Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Semarang
Haryati, Sri; Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Semarang
2018-06-04 13:13:27
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/19162
kubis merah; antosianin; aktivitas antioksidan; red cabbage; anthocyanin; antioxidant activity
en
Kubis Merah (Brassica oleracea L.) merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian yang mengandung kandungan antosianin yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali potensi kubis merah sebagai antioksidan alami pada kerupuk kubis merah. Tahapan dari penelitian ini adalah pembuatan kerupuk kubis merah dengan berbagai formulasi tepung tapioka dan kubis merah, uji organoleptik serta penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar antosianin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan dari kubis merah dan kerupuk kubis merah sebesar. Dari uji organoleptik yang paling disukai panelis adalah perlakuan T2K1 yaitu 150 gram tapioka dan 50 gram kubis mera yang memiliki kadar air sebesar 15,49%, kadar abu 1,18%, kadar protein 1,48%, kadar lemak 16,55%, antosianin 1,31% dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 23,93%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kerupuk kubis merah memiliki potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan. Antioxidant content in Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and Application In The Making of Crackers Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is one of the agricultural products containing anthocyanin content that has potential as antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of red cabbage as a natural antioxidant in red cabbage crackers. The stages of this research are the manufacture of red cabbage crackers with various formulations of tapioca flour and red cabbage, organoleptic test and the determination of antioxidant activity and anthocyanin levels. The results showed that antioxidant activity of red cabbage and red cabbage cracker amounted to. The most preferred organoleptic test of panelist is T2K1 treatment which is 150 g tapioca and 50 g of red cabbage which has water content 15,49%, ash content 1,18%, protein content 1,48%, fat content 16,55%, antocyanin 1.31% and antioxidant activity of 23.93%. Thus it can be concluded that red cabbage crackers have the potential as a source of antioxidants.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1907
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1907
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
PROSES PENGKELATAN MINYAK CENGKEH DENGAN ASAM SITRAT
Silviana, Silviana; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Kampus Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Telp./Fax. (024)7460058/(024)76480675
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1907
en
Abstract Clove leaf oil is essential oil produced by distillation of clove leaf. The oil is still dark color and low eugenol content, generally. It was caused by Fe content in the oil, so the oil has dark color. Furthermore, it needs to improve the value of clove leaf oil through chelating process with citric acid. The objective of research is to obtain the significant variable for content and volum response. The research conducts with initial Fe content, chelating process, and final analysis of Fe content. Analysis of Fe content uses Spectrofotometry. The research uses design of experiment: factorial design 24 with variables: citric acid concentration (1- 2%b), temperature (50oC – 70oC), time (l - 2 hours) and stirring speed (300-600 rpm). Data treatment obtained using Design Expert software. The result shows that temperature and time are significant variable for decreasing Fe content. Decreasing of Fe content from initial content 22,98mg/L down to l,86 - 2l,26mg/L. Regresion model obtained is Eugenol =74,45 + 0,10325 temperature. However, absorbent concentration and stirring speed variables have significant influent for decreasing volume. The regresion model obtained is Fe content = 34,6075-(0,54775T)-29,0551+0,548Tt, where T is temperature and t is time of chelating process. Key word: clove leaf oi; chelaling; citric acid; Fe content
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/22146
2020-04-17T20:21:38Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/22146
2020-04-17T20:21:38Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019; 25-31
Kinetika Pengeringan Busa Ampas Seduhan Teh
Hartati, Indah; Teknik Kimia, Universitas Wahid Hasyim
Kusumaningrum, Maharani; Universitas Negeri Semarang
2019-06-18 07:05:31
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/22146
kinetika pengeringan; ampas teh; busa putih telur
en
Dominasi produksi minuman teh dalam kemasan berdampak pada meningkatnya produksi limbah ampas seduhan teh yang masih memiliki kandungan berbagai metabolit sekunder, mineral, serat dan protein. Metode pengeringan busa (foam mat drying) dapat diterapkan pada produksi serbuk ampas seduhan teh guna mendukung pengembangan dan pemanfaatan lebih lanjut dari ampas seduhan teh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi busa putih telur pada proses pengeringan busa ampas seduhan teh serta mengkaji kinetika pengeringan lapis tipis menggunakan model kinetika Newton/Lewis, Page, Henderson-Pabis, Logartitmic dan Two Term. Parameter proses yang dievaluasi meliputi variasi penambahan busa putih telur (7,5-15%) sementara kadar maltodekstrin yang ditambahkan sebesar 30% dan pengeringan dilakukan pada suhu 800C. Penelitian menunjukkan jika penggunaan busa putih telur 7,5% memberikan kontanta kecepatan pengeringan yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan penggunaan busa putih telur 10-15%. Dalam penelitian ini, model kinetika Page merupakan model yang memberikan kesesuaian yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan model kinetika Newton/Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, Logartitmic dan Two Term. The emerging growth of tea based beverage impacts on the abundance of spent tea waste, a solid waste in which rich of secondary metabolites, minerals, fibre and protein. Foam mat drying of spent tea leaves powder is applied for further utilization of spent tea waste. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of egg white concentration added in the foam mat drying of spent tea waste and investigate the foam mat drying kinetics. The thin layer drying kinetics models applied were Newton/Lewis, Page, Henderson-Pabis, Logartitmic and Two Term model. The egg white concentration were varied of 7,5-15%, meanwhile the maltodextrin was of 30% and the the drying processes were performed at temperature of 800C. The research showed that the foam mat drying of spent tea waste performed at egg white concentration addition of 7,5% gave higher drying rate constant. In this research, Among the empirical models applied in this research, Page model was found to be the most adequate model representing the drying behavior of spent tea waste.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4755
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4755
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
METANA
Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN TERHADAP RENDEMEN MINYAK JERUK PURUT MENGGUNAKAN DISTILASI VAKUM
W, Deddy Kurniawan; DIII Teknik Kimia Undip
Jl. Prof Sudarto Tembalang
Arifan, Fahmi; DIII Teknik Kimia Undip
Jl. Prof Sudarto Tembalang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4755
en
ABSTRAK Negara kita termasuk negara penghasil minyak jeruk purut dan minyak ini juga merupakan komoditi yang menghasilkan devisa negara. Oleh karena itu pada tahun-tahun terakhir ini, minyak jeruk purut mendapat perhatian yang cukup besar dari pemerintah Indonesia. namun ketersediaan bahan baku secara berkelanjutan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar masih mengalami hambatan. Oleh sebab itu budidaya tanaman secara intensif diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Untuk itu, digunakan destilasi vakum dalam meningkatkan kualitas minyak sereh wangi. Keunggulan dari destilasi vakum tidak mengakibatkan dekomposisi komponen minyak atsiri sehingga mutu rendemen yang dihasilkan akan lebih baik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses penyulingan yang menggunakan bahan baku daun jeruk purut dan pelarut aquadest. Proses distilasi menggunakan jenis distilasi vakum dengan variabel yang berpengaruh adalah waktu (2, 3 dan 4 jam). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil yang maksimal pada penyulingan 3 jam dengan variabel bahan baku dan pelarut 1:4. Analisa produk dari minyak jeruk yang didapatkan adalah sebagai berikut pH 5, densitas 0,86 gr/ml, viscositas 0,31 Cp, indeks bias 1,46, volume minyak jeruk 11 ml, angka asam 2,805 mg-KOH/gr dan angka penyabunan 61,71 mg-KOH/gr. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan lama waktu penyulingan akan berpengaruh terhadap jumlah minyak jeruk purut yang dihasilkan dan dapat berpengaruh juga pada komposisi dari minyak jeruk purut. Kata kunci : minyak jeruk purut, distilasi vakum dan pelarut aquadest. ABSTRACT Our country including kaffir lime oil producing countries and oil is also a commodity that generates foreign exchange. Therefore, in recent years, the kaffir lime oil received considerable attention from the government of Indonesia. but the continuous availability of raw materials to meet the needs of the market is still experiencing barriers. Therefore, intensive cultivation is needed to resolve the issue, both in quantity and quality. To that end, vacuum distillation is used in improving the quality of scented citronella oil. The advantages of vacuum distillation does not result in decomposition of volatile oil components so that the quality of the resulting yield will be better. In this study the distillation process that uses raw materials lime leaves and the solvent distilled water. Distillation process using this type of vacuum distillation with an influential variable is the time (2, 3 and 4 hours). From the research results obtained maximum results in 3 hours with a variable refinery feedstock and solvent 1:4. Analysis of orange oil products obtained are as follows pH 5, the density of 0.86 g / ml, 0.31 Cp viscosity, refractive index 1.46, the volume of kaffir lime oil 11 ml, 2.805 mg-KOH/gr acid number and saponification number mg-KOH/gr 61.71. From the research we can conclude a long time refining oil will affect the amount of lime produced and may also affect the composition of kaffir lime oil. Key words: kaffir lime oil, vacuum distillation and solvent distilled water.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/33428
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/33428
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020; 61-67
Enhanced adsorption property of TiO2 based nanoribbons produced by alkaline hydrothermal process
Ariyanti, Dessy; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro
Mo’ungatonga, Satriani; University of Auckland
Gao, Wei; University of Auckland
2020-11-22 06:20:46
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/33428
Nanoribbon based TiO2; nanowires based TiO2; hydrogen trititanate; adsorption; Rhodamine B adsorption; Methyl orange adsorption
en
TiO2 is a semiconductor material with endless potential for the development of renewable energy as well as in the environmental field application. With various methods, TiO2 nanostructures with various morphology, properties and application can be developed. In this paper, the synthesis of TiO2 based nanoribbons with high adsorption property produced by alkaline hydrothermal methods were investigated. Its morphology, crystal structure and physical properties were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The result shows that by controlling the hydrothermal processing time, different morphology and structures of TiO2 nanoribbons with different adsorption properties can be obtained. The nanoribbons produced via alkaline hydrothermal method has width 200-300 nm and length up to several microns. It also possesses fair adsorption capacity over dyes (Rhodamine B and Methyl orange) considering its large surface area and high pore volume.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6841
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6841
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
PEMODELAN DAN SIMULASI PROSES PENGERINGAN CHIPS MOCAF
Ariwibowo, Didik; PSDIII Teknik Mesin Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Yohana, Eflita; Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Yulianto, M. Endy; PSDIII Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Paramitha, Vita; PSDIII Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Arifan, Fahmi; PSDIII Teknik Kimia Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6841
en
This study was to propose the use of a simple heat and mass transfer based model to predict the evolutions of the moisture content and temperature of cassava chip undergoing superheated steam drying (SSD). Cassava chip has been chosen as the product to be simulated because of its various uses in the food especially as modified cassava flour (mocaf). Recently, superheated steam drying (SSD) has received much attention as an alternative drying technique for heat-sensitive biomaterials. There are a very limited number of works that report attempts to model this drying process, although there are a number of works that report studies of this drying technique experimentally. The results showed that the drying of the product is affected by the drying steam temperature and the product characteristics. The model was found to be able to predict the heat and mass transfer behavior. Keywords: Cassava chip, mocaf, superheated steam drying
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/42254
2021-12-14T12:04:48Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42254
2021-12-14T12:04:48Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021; 69-80
Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi Sebagai Bioplastik Dengan Menggunakan Metode Perlakuan Pelarut Organik
Setiawan, Adhi; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Anggraini, Febby Dwi Melanny; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Ramadani, Tarikh Azis; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Cahyono, Luqman; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Rizal, Mochammad Choirul; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
2021-12-06 23:19:31
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42254
Bioplastik; Jerami; Perlakuan Pelarut Organik; Selulosa
id
Jerami padi memilki kandungan selulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bioplastik dari bahan baku jerami padi menggunakan perlakuan pelarut organik serta menganalisis pengaruh rasio massa pati dengan selulosa karakteristik produk bioplastik. Proses delignifikasi jerami menggunakan larutan etanol 5% dan 35% pada suhu 80oC selama dua jam. Bioplastik dibuat dengan rasio massa pati dengan selulosa sebesar 1:0,5; 1:1; dan 1:1,5. Karakterisasi menggunakan metode SEM, XRD, TG-DTA, uji tarik, uji transmisi uap, serta uji degradasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi menggunakan etanol menyebabkan peningkatan kadar selulosa serta kristalinitas jerami. Morfologi bioplastik menunjukkan permukaan yang tidak rata serta terdapat bagian matriks yang terpisah dengan fiber. Hasil TG-DTA menunjukkan pengurangan massa bioplastik sebesar 81,01% pada suhu 550oC. Hasil kuat tarik terbaik pada bioplastik yang dibuat dengan rasio massa pati dengan selulosa 1:0,5 pada konsentrasi delignifikasi etanol 35%. Nilai kuat tarik yang diperoleh sebesar 8,773 Mpa. Pengujian degradasi bioplastik dilakukan selama 10 hari diperoleh nilai % degradasi terbesar bioplastik adalah sebesar 99,9%. Rice straw contains cellulose which can be used as raw material for making bioplastics. This study aims to synthesize bioplastics from rice straw using organic solvent treatment and analyze the effect of the mass ratio of starch to cellulose on the characteristics of bioplastic products. The straw delignification process used 5% and 35% ethanol solution at 80oC for two hours. Bioplastics are made with a mass ratio of starch to cellulose of 1:0.5; 1:1; and 1:1.5. Characterization using SEM, XRD, TG-DTA methods, tensile test, vapour transmission test, and degradation test. The results showed that the delignification process using ethanol caused an increase in cellulose content and straw crystallinity. The morphology of the bioplastic shows an uneven surface and there are parts of the matrix that are separated from the fiber. The results of TG-DTA showed a reduction the mass of bioplastic by 81.01% at a temperature of 550oC. The best tensile strength results in bioplastics made with a mass ratio of starch to cellulose 1:0.5 at a delignification concentration of 35% ethanol. The tensile strength value obtained was 8,773 Mpa. The bioplastic degradation test was carried out for 10 days and the largest percentage of bioplastic degradation was 99.9%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7615
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7615
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
PEMBUATAN ZAT WARNA ALAMI DARI BIJI KESUMBA DALAM BENTUK KONSENTRAT TINGGI UNTUK PEWARNA MAKANAN
Paryanto, Paryanto; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Jl.Ir.Sutami No.36 A Surakarta, 57126, Telp./Fax.0271 632112
Hermiyanto, Hermiyanto; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Jl.Ir.Sutami No.36 A Surakarta, 57126, Telp./Fax.0271 632112
Sanjaya, Simon Dicky Surya; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Jl.Ir.Sutami No.36 A Surakarta, 57126, Telp./Fax.0271 632112
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7615
en
Abstract The use of synthetic dyes for food in Indonesia reached 88%, this figure is quite alarming considering the health effects of synthetic dyes. So that needs to be made of natural dyes to replace the synthetic dyes. Like the natural pigments bixin of the annatto seed can give a yellow color to red. This study was conducted to determine how to produce natural pigments bixin from annatto seed using extraction process and how the optimum conditions and their application in food.Factors affecting the extraction process among other types of solvents, the size of the material to be extracted, temperature and extraction time, the ratio of material to solvent and stirring speed. Bixin will be degraded when heated and will turn into norbixin when there is excess salt sodium (Na) or potassium (K). Bixin extraction from the seeds annatto using a solvent acetone (CH3COCH3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with variations in concentration, extraction temperature, stirring speed and the ratio of material to solvent. For bixin analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, bixin will produce a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 470 nm and using FTIR spectrophotometer to determine the group of bixin.The water content in the seeds kesumba is 37% and has a total of 10% bixin content. The optimum conditions of the extraction process of seed kesumba bixin is the type of solventNaOH with a concentration of 0.25 N, extraction temperature of 60 oC, 400 rpm stirring speed and weight of material to solvent ratio 1:20 by weight 2192 mg extract. Keywords: Extraction, bixin, annatto, bixa orellana, sodium hydroxide
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/49376
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49376
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 2 (2022): Desember 2022; 99-104
Pengaruh Massa Adsorben Blending CaO Dari Cangkang Telur dan Karbon Teraktivasi untuk Adsorpsi Zat Warna Methylene Blue
Oko, Syarifuddin; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Kurniawan, Andri; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Angreni, Dewi; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
2022-11-10 13:46:14
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49376
adsorpsi; cangkang telur; karbon aktif; methylene blue
id
Industri tekstil merupakan salah satu penyebab pencemaran lingkungan akibat zat warna yang digunakan dalam proses pencelupan tekstil. Limbah zat warna yang dihasilkan oleh industri tekstil merupakan senyawa organik non-biodegradable yang dapat mencemari lingkungan terutama pada lingkungan perairan. Methylene blue merupakan salah satu zat organik pencemar yang tidak dapat terurai karena terdapat gugus benzena yang sulit terdegradasi. Cara yang paling mudah untuk mengolah limbah cair industri tekstil adalah dengan cara adsorpsi. Cangkang telur adalah salah satu adsorben yang murah dan mudah didapat, juga adsorben lain yang digunakan adalah karbon aktif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh massa adsorben CaO:C terhadap efisiensi adsorpsi dan penurunan konsentrasi zat warna methylene blue. Cangkang telur terlebih dahulu di kalsinasi menggunakan furnace pada suhu 800oC selama 4 jam. Ukuran cangkang telur dan karbon aktif ialah 100 mesh. Adsorpsi dilakukan dengan rasio CaO:C yaitu 2:8 dan memvariasikan massa adsorben yaitu 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 6; 8; 10; 10,5 dan 11 gram. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan selama waktu kontak 60 menit dalam konsentrasi zat warna methylene blue 100 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan massa adsorben optimum ada pada massa 10 gram dengan konsentrasi akhir methylene blue 0,0139 ppm dan efisiensi adsorpsi 99,9861 %. Society need for clothing has increased, which results in an increased number of factories in the textile industry. The textile industry is one of the causes of environmental pollution due to dyes used in the textile dyeing process. Dye waste produced by the textile industry is a non-biodegradable organic compound that can pollute the environment, especially in the aquatic environment. Methylene blue is one of the polluting organic substances that cannot decompose because there is a benzene group that is difficult to degrade. The alternative for handling the dye waste of the textile industry is the adsorption. Egg shells used because abundant amounts and are economical, and other adsorbens used are activated carbon. This study was to determine the effect of cao:c adsorben mass on adsorption efficiency and decreased concentration of methylene blue. The egg shell is first calcined using a furnace at a temperature of 800oC for 4 hours. The size of the egg shell and activated carbon is 100 mesh. Adsorption is carried out with a CaO:C ratio of 2:8 and varies the mass of adsorbens which is 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 6; 8; 10; 10,5 and 11 grams. The adsorption process is carried out during a contact time of 60 minutes at a concentration of methylene blue 100 ppm. The results showed the optimum adsorbens mass was at 10 grams with reduced the methylene blue concentration to 0,0139 ppm and the adsorption capacity obtained was 99,9861%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11046
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11046
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
IbM.KELOMPOK INDUSTRI SERBUK INSTAN JAMU DAN MINUMAN KESEHATAN DI UNGARAN, KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Handayani, Dwi; FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Ikhsan, Diyono; FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Murni, Murni; FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Ardiansari, Anindya; Fak. Ekonomi UNNES
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11046
en
Abstract UMKM" TigaDara " which is located at Jl . UripSumoharjo 45 and UMKM " Berliana " address at 7 Kuncen New jl.ApelUnggaran - Kab.Semarang an economically productive UMKM as micro businesses , with a production of herbs or a health drink in the form of instant powder and liquid beverages . Early in its development , the effort focuses on the various processing plants living pharmacies ( empon - empon ) are made into a variety of herbs and health beverages in an instant form , for example : instant ginger , white turmeric , saffron , turmeric, tamarind , Mahkotadewa , etc. . During this production process been conventional and instant powders produced by high sugar levels that can not be consumed by diabetics . Given that in order to produce sugar -free powder that requires technology and modern processing equipment , namely the granulation process , it is necessary to support the introduction of technology and the granulation equipment . While UD Berliana now more concentrated on liquid products requiring wringer empon - empon that can operate mechanically with greater capacity and semi-continuous operation . Given that during the management system implemented is still a family management , then with the development of business and the broader marketing outreach is necessary to improve management and use of the Web to expand their marketing reach . With the help of technology , equipment and granulation managemen as wringer and structuring the results of this activity can be rapidly growing SMEs . This is evident from the production capacity that was originally only 50 kg per day to 200 kg per day , followed by an increase in network marketing , and sales revenue . Keyword :Teknology, granulation, wringer, Web. Abstrak UMKM ”Tiga Dara” yang beralamat di jl. Urip Sumoharjo 45 dan UMKM ”Berliana” yang beralamat di jl.Apel No.7 Kuncen Baru Ungaran-Kab.Semarang merupakan UMKM yang produktif secara ekonomis sebagai usaha mikro, dengan produksi berupa jamu atau minuman kesehatan dalam bentuk serbuk instan dan minuman cair. Selama ini proses pengolaahan dilakukan secara konvensional dan dihasilkan serbuk instan dengan kadar gula yang tinggi sehingga tidak bisa dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes. Mengingat bahwa untuk dapat memproduksi serbuk yang bebas gula memerlukan teknologi dan peralatan proses yang modern, yaitu dengan proses granulasi, maka perlu adanya bantuan pengenalan teknologi dan peralatan granulasi tersebut. Sedangkan UD Berliana sekarang ini lebih mengkonsentrasikan pada produk cair sehingga membutuhkan alat pemeras empon-empon yang dapat beroperasi secara mekanik dengan kapasitas yang lebih besar dan beroperasi secara semi kontinyu. Disamping itu, mengingat bahwa selama ini sistem manajemen yang diterapkan masih merupakan manajemen keluarga, maka dengan semakin berkembangnya usaha dan semakin luasnya pemasaran diperlukan adanya penyuluhan perbaikan manajemen dan penggunaan Web untuk memperluas jangkauan pemasarannya. Dengan adanya bantuan teknologi, peralatan dan penataan manajemennya maka UMKM tersebut dapat berkembang pesat. Hal ini terlihat dari kapasitas produksi yang pada awalnya hanya 50 kg per hari menjadi 200 kg per hari yang diikuti dengan peningkatan jaringan pemasaran dan omset penjualannya. 8Kata kunci : Teknologi, granulator, pemeras, Web.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14747
2021-01-15T06:11:48Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14747
2021-01-15T06:11:48Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNDIP
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14747
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1669
2021-01-15T06:10:03Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1669
2021-01-15T06:10:03Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
Kusumayanti, Heny
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1669
en
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9750
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9750
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016; 45-49
Perancangan Pengering Berinsulasi Dengan Aplikasi Pengeringan Ikan Tengiri
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; Laboratorium Teknologi Pangan, Program Studi D III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
Pudjihastuti, Isti; Laboratorium Operasi Teknik Kimia , Program Studi D III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-02-14 15:23:19
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9750
en
Prinsip Dasar Rancang Bangun Alat Pengering, peubah-peubah yang harus diperhatikan antara lain Sifat – sifat bahan yang akan dikeringkan,karakteristik pengeringan dari bahan, aliran panas, kualitas produk, fasilitas sekeliling,kapasitas alat,Dari faktor – faktor tersebut diharapkan untuk mendapatkan alat pengering dengan kinerja yang berdayaguna dan berhasil guna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membangun alat pengering ikan berinsulasi untuk memperbaiki proses pengeringan ikan tradisional,meningkatkan nilai gizi, hygiene dan keamanan pangan dan mengaplikasikan alat pengering pada pengeringan ikan teri (Stolephorus heterolobua), serta mengetahui kwantitas asam lemak omega-3. Alat pengering hasil rancang bangun, ukuran 1 m x 1,2m x1,75 m, ukuran kolektor 1,2 m x 0,6 m, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengeringkan ikan teri (Stolephorus heterolobua) secara higienis dan mempertahankan kualitas produk Lama pengeringan 72 jam memberikan hasil ikan kering yang memenuhi standar kadar air , untuk pemanas surya kadar air 2,45 %, untuk pemanas buatan kadar air 2,65% Produk yang disukai adalah pengeringan dengan kadar garam 6% Pada produk yang dapat diterima memberikan nilai EPA 0,5972 gr/100 gr, dan DHA 0,4032 gr/100 gr, nilai TBA 1,21 mgr/kg, TVB : 7,04mgr N/100gr,TMA : 5,11 % mgr N. Design of Insulated Dryers Application for Tengiri Fish Dryer Basic Principles of Design Tools dryer, variables that must be considered among other properties - properties of the material to be dried, the characteristic drying of the material, heat flow, quality of products, the facilities around, the capacity of the tool, From factors - these factors are expected to get drier the performance of a very powerful and effective. The aim of this study was to design and build insulated fish dryers to improve the traditional fish drying process, enhance nutritional value, food safety and hygiene and to apply drier at drying anchovy (Stolephorus heterolobua), as well as to know the quantity of omega-3 fatty acids. Drier the result of design, size 1m x 1.2m x1,75 m, collector size of 1.2 mx 0.6 m, can be used for drying fish (Stolephorus heterolobua) hygienically and maintain the quality of products Lama drying 72 hours results dried fish that meets dtandar water content, for solar heating water content of 2.45%, for artificial heating water content of 2.65% preferred product is dried with saline 6% On acceptable products value EPA 0.5972 gr / 100 g and 0.4032 g DHA / 100 g, the value of TBA 1.21 mgr / kg, TVB: 7,04mgr N / 100gr, TMA: 5.11% N mgr
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1804
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1804
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
EKSTRAKSI ASAM LEMAK OMEGA - 3 DARI LIMBAH IKAN TUNA
Jos, Bakti; Jurusan Teknik Kimia
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1804
en
Abstract Tuna waste still have a valuable substance that is fish oil, which contains omega-3 fatty acid. Omega-3 is polyunsaturated fatty acid, consist of two acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and dokosahexanoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acid has many usefulness for human’s health, related to heart, retina, and brain function. This research is done to get omega-3 fatty acid from tuna waste by extraction method using n-hexane. The purposes of the research are to learn about variables that affect the product and decide the condition to get optimal product. The research method is making table and chart from the variables. The condition of the operation are : temperature ± 30oC, solvent n-hexane, KOH concentration is 40 gr/liter, and concentration of oil in feed is 0.068 gr/cc. The variables are : comparison of solvent and feed (10:4; 15:4; 20:4; 25:4; 30:4; 35:4) at period 1,5 jam, and period of extraction (0,5; 0,75; 1; 1,25; 1,5; 1,75 jam) at comparison of solvent and feed 30:4. The result shows that the optimal condition is reached at comparison of solvent and feed 30:4 and period of extraction 1,5 hour. The rendement is 24,76%. Key words : tuna, omega-3, extraction
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1902
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1902
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
REPAIR OF PROCESS EXTORTION OF CENTRIFUGAL OIL AND ADJUSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY IS PRECISELY UTILIZE AT INDUSTRY CHIPS EMPING GEPUK MELINJO DI KABUPATEN BATANG
Abidin, Zainal; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD IlI Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1902
en
Abstract At the industry produce the chips emping gepuk melinjo conventional generally experience of the resistance at process extortion of oil because this process walk gravitationly with extortion time about 0.5 hour. Problems of arising out is oil conten in chips emping gepuk melinio still high about 15 % is while equipments of extortion of oil which have is not yet can operate in an optimal fashion ( leak is in gravitation with time of 30 minute). is so that needed by the equipments able to improve ; repair the process extortion of oil in chips emping gepuk melinjo fry. This matter will pursue in improvement of capacities produce the chips emping gepuk melinio. To increase product to be needed modify, equipments of extortion of oil, so that efiensi production can be boasted up and peaceful for the use it and also improve the chips emping product qualitv gepuk. As according to the clauses released by Departemen Kesehatan, oil content in food stuff fried by is less than 5%. because at high oil rate will quicken the process rancidity at food-stuff. Besides with high oil rate will be able to improve the cholesterol rate in blood. From the result of perception during extortion by centrifugal oil wringer, extortion time about 2 - 3 minute with oil content in chips emping gepuk under or less than 5 %, so that the result of chips emping gepuk yielded by seen drier and will improve the endurance. Keyword : Chips emping gepuk melinjo, centrifugal wringer,oil rate and extortion time.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/21393
2020-04-17T20:21:27Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/21393
2020-04-17T20:21:27Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018; 60-64
Modifikasi Motor Bakar 4 Langkah Bahan Bakar Bensin Menjadi Biogas: Aplikasi Untuk "Engine Test Bed"
Wijayanto, Wishnu; Departmen Teknik Kimia, Universitas Diponegoro
Apriyanti, Eny; Departement Teknik Kimia, Universitas Pandanaran
2018-12-10 07:22:53
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/21393
biogas; gas metana; modifikasi; pembebanan; torsi
en
Biogas merupakan salah satu bahan bakar non fosil bersifat renewable (terbarukan) yang dapat dijadikan bioenergi alternatif. Biogas memiliki konsentrasi gas metana (CH4) yaitu 50–75 %, gas karbon dioksida (CO2)25–50%, gas nitrogen (N2) 0 - 0,3 %, gas hidrogen (H2) 1-5 %, gas hidrogen sulfida (H2S) 0,1-2 % dan gas oksigen (O2) 0,1-0,5 %. (Hambali, 2007). Untuk dapat menggunakan biogas sebagai bahan bakar motor bakar pada mesin bensin generator 4 langkah 1300 (watt) dilakukan modifikasi pada : kelonggaran katup isap dan buang, injektor venturi pada karburator dan menaikkan rasio kompresi 9,2 – 9,3. Pada pengujian dihasilkan torsi maksimum 4,1 (Nm), Temperatur 490 oC pada pembebanan 1000 (watt).
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4032
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4032
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
METANA
Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
MODEL MATEMATIS LAJU PEMBAKARAN BIOBRIKET CAMPURAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN BUNGKIL JARAK (JATROPHA CURCAS L)
Kurniawan, Eddy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Malilkussaleh
Jalan Tgk. Chik Ditiro No. 26 Lancang Garam Lhokseumawe, 24351
2012-09-19 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4032
en
ABSTRAK Potensi biomassa sampah organik dan bungkil jarak sebagai energi alternatif sedemikian melimpah, namun belum terolah sepenuhnya. Padahal komposisi sampah organik dan bungkil jarak merupakan biomassa dengan kandungan energi yang relatif besar. Apabila sampah organik dan bungkil jarak diolah bersama-sama dengan bungkil jarak dengan menggunakan bahan perekat tapioka dan tar akan diperoleh satu bahan bakar padat buatan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif.Dalam penelitian ini, komposisi yang di uji adalah briket dengan persentase sampah organik dan bungkil jarak yaitu 100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75; 0/100. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengumpulan, pengeringan, penghalusan, karbonisasi, pengayakan, pencampuran bahan baku (sampah organik, bungkil jarak, perekat tapioka dan perekat tar) dan pengepresan dengan tekanan 1 kg/cm².Dari penelitian di laboratorium dan pendekatan model matematis didapatkan bahwa karakteristik laju pembakaran briket komposisi sampah organik dan bungkil jarak (25/75) dengan bahan perekat tar, lebih cepat terbakar dan suhu yang dicapai optimal. Briket yang dihasilkan dengan perekat tar tidak disukai karena berasap, sedangkan briket yang dihasilkan dengan perekat tapioka lebih disukai karena tidak berasap. Kata kunci : Briket, bahan perekat, pembakaran ABSTRACT The pontential of biomass municipal waste and jathropha oil cakes in such is abundant, but has not been fully processed. The municipal waste and jathropha oil cakes can be converted into biobriquette via pyrolisis, which can be used as alternative fuel. Tar and tapioca adhesive were applied for the binder. In this study, briquettes with the mass ratio of municipal waste and jathropha oil cakes of 100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75; 0/100 have been produced and tested. Reasearch was done by collecting, drying, testing, carbonization, screaning, mixing raw materials (municipal waste, jathropha oil cakes, tapioca adhesive and tar adhesive) and pressing at 1 kg/cm². Laboratory work and mathematical model showed that the rate of combustion and charateristic of the briquette with composition of municipal waste and jathropha oil cakes is (25/75), with adhesive tar, burns faster. Briquettes produced with the adhesive tar are not preferred because of the smoke, while the briquettes produced with tapioca adhesive are preferred because of the smoke free. Keywords : Briquette, adhesive materials, combustion
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/30364
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/30364
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020; 26-32
Dampak Lingkungan dan Kesehatan Pemanfaatan Limbah Cat Sebagai Produk Material Bangunan
Citra, Ari Dina Permana; Universitas Widya Husada
Iswandari, Hargianti Dini; Universitas Widya Husada
2020-05-31 09:43:44
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/30364
paint waste; concrete brick; life cycle assessment; environmental impact; health impact
id
Limbah cat yang tidak mempunyai nilai ekonomis dan memerlukan biaya untuk pengolahannya, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku menjadi produk yang berguna. Limbah cat digunakan sebagai bahan baku campuran pembuatan produk bata beton (paving block) agar dapat mencegah dampak negative lingkungan. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak lingkungan dan kesehatan dari limbah cat dan pemanfaatannya sebagai campuran bata beton. Dampak lingkungan sebagai ekotoksisitas dan dampak kesehatan berupa toksisitas dihitung menggunakan perangkat kajian daur hidup LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) pada variasi kadar limbah cat sebesar 1,2,3,4 dan 5% pada bata beton. Hasil kajian menunjukkan penurunan potensi dampak lingkungan dan kesehatan produk bata beton dibandingkan limbah cat padat. Ekotoksisitas limbah cat terendah pada media tanah dan tertinggi pada media perairan air tawar. Toksisitas pada manusia jauh lebih tinggi dibanding pada media lingkungan, dipakai sebagai dasar penanganan limbah cat. Pemanfaatan limbah cat sebagai bahan baku campuran bata beton dapat mengurangi ekotoksisitas dan toksisitas secara signifikan, dapat digunakan sebagai model pengelolaan limbah. Paint waste that has no economic value and requires a cost for its processing can be used as raw material to become a useful product. Waste paint is used as a raw material for the manufacture of concrete brick products (paving blocks) in order to prevent negative environmental impacts. The research carried out aims to assess the environmental and health impacts of paint waste and its use as a concrete brick mixture. Environmental impacts as ecotoxicity and health impacts in the form of toxicity are calculated using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) life cycle assessment tool on the variation of paint waste content of 1,2,3,4 and 5% in concrete bricks. The results of the study show a decrease in the potential environmental and health impacts of concrete brick products compared to solid paint waste. The lowest paint waste ecotoxicity in soil media and highest in freshwater waters media. Toxicity in humans is much higher than in environmental media, used as a basis for handling paint waste. The use of paint waste as raw material for concrete brick mix can significantly reduce the ecotoxicity and toxicity, it can be used as a waste management model.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6809
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6809
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
UPAYA PERBAIKAN SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA TEPUNG UBI KAYU MELALUI PROSES FERMENTASI SAWUT UBI KAYU DENGAN STARTER BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT LACTOBACILLUS CASEI DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU SNACK TRADISIONAL PILUS DAN ROTI MUFFIN
Kusumaningrum, Annisa; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
Sumardiono, Siswo; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6809
en
Cassava is one of the biggest commodity in Indonesia which is the total amount of its production is 24,080,000 ton/year. This huge amount of cassava can be used as cassava flour so that it could have similar characteristics with wheat flour. Therefore, in this research the cassava is being modified by fermentation method using the lactic acid bacteria starter,i.e Lactobacillus casei. While the cassava grate is being fermented, the enzyme that could destroy the cassava cell is produced by bacteria so it cause the degradation of starch granula. This condition changes of the physiochemical characteristic of cassava flour produced. The purpose of this research determines the best condition from the variables concentration of lactic acid bacteria starter and fermentation time of the cassava grate to physiochemical characteristic of cassava flour. The best conditions of cassava flour is fermentation time of 48 hour and 6% v/v Lactobacillus casei concentration. Physiochemical characteristic of cassava flour best treatment is the swelling power of 14.13, level of expand “pilus” snack 596.399%, baking expansion 2.28 cm /g and hardness of 3 muffin cake was 620.262 gf. Keywords: cassava fermentation, Lactobacillus casei, physiochemical characteristic, fermentation time, concentration of lactic acid bacteria starter
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1664
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1664
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
Pengantar Redaksi
Kusumayanti, Heny
2021-11-11 07:19:01
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1664
en
Pengantar Redaksi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7610
2021-01-15T06:16:25Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7610
2021-01-15T06:16:25Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Daftar Isi
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7610
en
Daftar Isi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/46292
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/46292
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 65-70
Optimasi Pembuatan Kitosan Dari Limbah Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina fulica) Menggunakan Factorial Design 2 Pangkat 3
Septiani, Intan; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Supriyo, Edy; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2022-06-17 02:18:03
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/46292
cangkang bekicot; kitin; kitosan; deasetilasi
id
Kitosan merupakan padatan yang berwarna putih kecoklatan, bersifat nontoksit, biodegradable dan biocompatible. Mengolah cangkang bekicot menjadi kitosan melalui tiga proses yaitu deproteinasi yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan protein, demineralisasi untuk menghilangkan mineral, dan deasetilasi untuk menghilangkan gugus asetil yang masih terikat pada kitosan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mutu kitosan yang dihasilkan dari cangkang bekicot dan pengaruh waktu (160 dan 180 menit), rasio (1 : 6,5 dan 1 : 7,5) dan suhu (85oC dan 95oC) pada proses deasetilasi terhadap % kadar air yang dihasilkan dan dilakukan proses optimasi dengan variasi waktu deasetilasi untuk menentukan % kadar air kitosan cangkang bekicot. Dari penelitian pembuatan kitosan dari cangkang bekicot didapatkan kondisi optimum proses deasetilasi pada waktu 160 menit, rasio kitin : NaOH 1 : 6,5 dan suhu 95oC dengan kadar air sebesar 2,2%. Kitosan yang didapatkan memiliki kadar abu sebesar 95,19%, berwarna putih, kitosan yang terbentuk sebesar 9,98% dan kitosan yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai pengawet bakso dengan masa simpan selama 3 hari. Chitosan is solid with brownish-white color, non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Processing snail shells into chitosan go through three processes, namely deproteination which aims to remove protein, demineralization to remove minerals, and deacetylation to remove acetyl groups. This research was conducted to determine the quality of chitosan produced from snail shells and effect of time (160 and 180 minute), ratio (1:6,5 and 1:7,5) and temperature (85oC and 95oC) in the deacetylation process to the % water content and an optimization process with time variations in deacetylation time to determine the % water content of snail shell chitosan. From the research making chitosan from snail shell it was found that the optimum conditions for the deacetylation process were 160 minutes, the ratio of chitin: NaOH 1:6.5, and a temperature of 95oC with a water content of 2.2%. The chitosan obtained has an ash content of 95.19%, is white, the chitosan formed is 9.98% and the resulting chitosan can be used as a meat ball preservative with a shelf life of 3 days.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9778
2021-01-15T06:11:03Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9778
2021-01-15T06:11:03Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014
Daftar Isi
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9778
en
Daftar Isi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12580
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12580
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
MODIFIKASI TEPUNG UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) DENGAN METODE HEAT MOISTURE TREATMENT (HMT) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN MI INSTAN
Santosa, Herry; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Handayani, Noer Abyor; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Bastian, Hasbi Ashidqi; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Kusuma, Ilga Mega; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12580
Abstrak Mi instan merupakan makanan yang cukup popular di Indonesia. Selain praktis dan murah, mi instan memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup sebagai pengganti makanan pokok seperti beras. Pada umumnya, mie instan dibuat dari bahan baku tepung gandum. Namun, tidak semua orang dapat mengonsumsi mi instan dengan bahan baku tepung gandum ini. Oleh karena itu, tepung ubi jalar merupakan alternatif sebagai bahan baku pembuatan mi instan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah karakterisasi tepung ubi jalar ungu, menentukan waktu dan suhu modifikasi paling baik. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tiga tahap; 1.Tahap pembuatan tepung ubi jalar ungu; 2.Tahap karakterisasi tepung ubi jalar ungu; 3.Tahap modifikasi tepung ubi jalar ungu dengan menggunakan metode modifikasi Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT). Dari tahap karakterisasi diketahui bahwa tepung ubi jalar ungu memiliki nilai swelling power sebesar 3,1 g/g; solubility sebesar 2,8 %, yang masih berada di bawah nilai swelling power dan solubility tepung gandum, sehingga diperlukan tahap modifikasi. Waktu modifikasi dan suhu modifikasi berpengaruh positif pada sifat fungsional tepung ubi jalar ungu yaitu swelling power dan solubility. Untuk mendekati swelling power dan solubility dari tepung gandum, modifikasi lebih baik dilakukan pada suhu 60 ºC selama 5 jamKata kunci : tepung ubi jalar ungu, Heat Moisture Treatment, Mi instan, Swelling power, solubility Abstract Instant noodle is a well-known food in Indonesia. Aside of it’s simplicity and cheap, instant noodle have enough nutrition as a substitute for main food like rice. Usually, instant noodle is made from wheat flour as material. But, not every people could use this instant noodle as their daily meal.. Therefore, purple sweet potato could be an alternative as a substitute material of instant noodle. The purposes of this study is to examine functional properties of the purple sweet potato flour, and determining best time and temperature modification. To achieve the purposes, this study is done through three stages; 1. Production stage of the purple sweet potato flour; 2.Characterization stage of the purple sweet potato flour; 3.Modification stage of the purple sweet potato flour using Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) modification method. From the characterization stage is known that the purple sweet potato flour has swelling power 3,1 g/g; solubility 2,8 % so it is necessary to be modified. Time modification and temperature modification giving a positif effect to functional properties of the purple sweet potato flour that is swelling power and solubility. In order to closing the swelling power and solubility with wheat flour, modification is better be doing at 60 ºC for 5 hours long. Keywords: Purple Sweet Potato Flour, Heat Moisture Treatment, Instant Noodle, Swelling power, solubility
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/58548
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/58548
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023; 69-78
Kandungan Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) yang Beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Supriyo, Edy; Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Noviana, Siti Nurlaela; Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2023-11-26 13:29:29
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/58548
AMDK; mikroplastik; Semarang; ukuran; kandungan
id
Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang berukuran 1–5000 μm. Mikroplastik dapat ditemukan dimana saja dan salah satunya adalah pada air minum. Air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) selama ini dianggap sebagai produk higienis sehingga aman dikonsumsi, dan menjadi andalan masyarakat untuk memenuhi asupan cairan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan mikroplastik yang terdapat dalam AMDK yang beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Sampel berupa AMDK merek A dan P dalam kemasan botol plastik bervolume 600 dan 500 mL serta gallon bervolume 19 Liter diambil dari distributornya di Kota Semarang, yang dipanaskan dengan sinar matahari pada suhu 28 dan 40oC. Air sampel kemudian disaring menggunakan membrane filter PTFE hydrophilic dengan pori 0,22 µm dan dikeringkan dalam desikator selama 24 jam, ditimbang serta diamati dengan mikroskop stereo dan dengan FTIR Spectometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di semua sampel terdapat mikroplastik dalam bentuk fragmen dan fiber yang berturut-turut berukuran 1,91-44,85µm dan 2,94-130,02 µm. Mikroplastik berukuran 1–10 µm mempunyai angka Z-score terbesar yaitu 1,953. Jumlah dan berat mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada air dalam kemasan botol P pada suhu 40oC yaitu 97 partikel/500 mL dan 0,0136 gr. Mikroplastik yang ada dalam AMDK merupakan plastic dengan gugus fungsi polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yang diperkirakan berasal dari kemasan AMDK tersebut. Microplastics are plastic particles measuring 1–5000 μm. Microplastics can be found anywhere, and one of them is in drinking water. Bottled drinking water (or Air Minum dalam kemasan/AMDK) has long been considered hygienic. Hence, it is safe for consumption and has become a mainstay for people to fulfill their body's fluid intake. This research aims to analyze the microplastic content in AMDK marketed in Semarang, Central Java. Samples in the form of AMDK brands A and P in plastic bottles of 600 and 500 ml and gallons with a volume of 19 liters were taken from the distributor in Semarang City, which were heated with sunlight at temperatures of 28 and 40oC. The sample water was then filtered using a PTFE hydrophilic membrane filter with 0.22 µm pores, dried in a desiccator for 24 hours, weighed, and observed with a stereo microscope and an FTIR Spectrometer. The results showed that there were microplastics in all samples in fragments and fibers measuring 1.91-44.85µm and 2.94-130.02µm, respectively. Microplastics measuring 1–10µm have the largest Z-score, i.e. 1.953. The highest number and weight of microplastics were found in P bottles of water at a temperature f 40oC, i.e. ,97 particles/500 mL and 0.0136 gr. The microplastics in AMDK are plastics with the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) functional group, which is thought to come from their packaging
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1655
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1655
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
ROTATING MEMBRANE EMULSIFICATION FOR PRODUCING UNIFORM EMULSION
Aryanti, Nita; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Diponegoro University, Kampus Undip Tembalang Semarang, 50278
2021-11-11 07:18:57
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1655
en
Abstract A versatile and high capacity membrane emulsification system which utilises a rotating membrane for the precision manufacture of uniform emulsions droplet was investigated. Single emulsions were produced with a very low viscosity of paraffin wax. Tween 20 and carbomer, as dispersed phase, emulsifier and stabilizer, respectively. Emulsion droplets in the range of 138 µm to 305 µm with coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 9% to 29% were obtained. The methodology allows control of droplet production through adjustment of system operating parameters (membrane type, rotation speed, dispersed phase flux) to influence the average droplet size and droplet uniformity. Keywords : Emulsion, membrane emulsification, rotating membrane, stainless steel membrane, uniform droplet.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/17510
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17510
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016; 13-16
Ekstraksi Pektin Dari Kangkung Darat Menggunakan Pelarut Asam Sitrat
Irawan, T. A. Bambang; Program Studi D3 Teknik Kimia
Akademi Kimia Industri Santo Paulus Semarang
Prihanto, Antonius; Program Studi D3 Teknik Kimia
Akademi Kimia Industri Santo Paulus Semarang
2018-02-03 14:18:11
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17510
swamp land; pectin; extraction of pectin; pectin yield; kangkung dara;, pektin; ekstraksi pektin
en
Kangkung tergolong sayur yang sangat populer, karena banyak peminatnya. Di Indonesia kangkung tumbuh subur dan memiliki siklus perkembangan panen yang tiap tahun meningkat. Wawasan tentang pemanfaatan kangkung di masyarakat masih minim. Oleh karena itu untuk menambah wawasan tentang pemanfaatan kangkung di masyrakat, kangkung dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber energi alternatif pembuatan pektin. Jumlah pektin yang terkandung di dalam kangkung tersebut berkisar 6,71 % per 100 gram kakngkung darat kering. Pektin merupakan polimer dari asam D-Galakturonat yang dihubungkan oleh ikatan ß -1,4 glikosidik. Untuk menguraikan pektin didalam kangkung darat dapat dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut asam kemudian ditambahkan etanol kedalam filtrat untuk mengendapkan pektin dan proses terakhir dilakukan pengeringan untuk mendapatkan pektin kering. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan asam sitrat dengan range pH 1,5; 2; 2,5 (sebagai variabel) dan dengan waktu ekstraksi 60, 75, 90 menit (sebagai variable). Hasil penelitian m,enunjukan bahwa pektin terbaik dapat diperoleh pada pH 2 pada waktu proses 75 menit dengan rendemen 3,25%, kadar air 7,14 %, dan kadar metoksil 5,9 %. Extraction of Pectin From Kale Using Citrate Acid Solvent Kale classified as a vegetable is very popular, because many devotees. In Indonesia kale thrive and have the development cycles of harvest each year is increasing. Insights on the use of kale in the community is still minimal. Therefore, to add knowledge about the use of kale in society, kale can be used as an alternative energy source the manufacture of pectin. Total pectin contained in the swamp around 6.71% per 100 grams of dry ground kakngkung. Pectin is a polymer of D-galacturonic acid linked by ß -1,4 glycosidic bonds. To decipher the pectin in the swamp land can be done by using a solvent extraction method with acid is then added ethanol added to the filtrate to precipitate pectin and final drying process to obtain dry pectin. This research was conducted by adding citric acid to a pH range of 1.5; 2; 2.5 (variable) and the extraction time of 60, 75, 90 minutes (as a variable). M research results, the best enunjukan that pectin can be obtained at pH 2 at runtime 75 minutes with a yield of 3.25%, 7.14% moisture content, and the content of methoxyl 5.9%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1948
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1948
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
TEKNOLOGI PENGAWETAN BUAH TOMAT DENGAN METODE FREEZE DRYING
Pujihastuti, Isti; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1948
en
Abstract The laboratory equipments are important in elaboration of technologies in freeze drying, for research of the product quality, amelioration, moreover determination of transport properties. Our department has a laboratory vacuum freeze drying equipment. We can register all the data during the procedure. It's important to analyze this freeze drying procedure, because this is elementary for system designing. we have constructed the necessary measuring instruments, their arrangement. The automatitation of this process isn't a simple problem. The principal measured characteristics are mass of dried product, temperature of dried product layer, temperature of the heater, vacuum, freezing temperature. We can measure the dried product's weight by a load cell, with the necessary accuracy. Kata kunci : freeze drying, tomato
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18017
2020-04-17T20:20:44Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18017
2020-04-17T20:20:44Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017; 58-60
Penanganan Alat Dan Bahan Yang Baik Dalam Rangka Menunjang Kegiatan Di Laboratorium Kimia
Raharjo, Raharjo; Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan, Departemen Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro
Harjanto, Sri; Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan, Departemen Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro
2017-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18017
en
Fasilitas alat dan bahan di lingkungan laboratorium kimia bagi mahasiswa yang sedang menyelesaikan tugas penelitian merupakan suatu hal yang tidak bisa terpisahkan, dan sangat diperlukan keberadaanya. Maka sistem kelola, cara penanganan dengan baik dan benar terutama yang berhubungan dengan bahan kimia ataupun alat gelas dan instrumen mulai dari proses pengadaan, penerimaan , pengemasan, penyimpanan sampai penyaluran, penggunaan sesuai dengan tata kelola yang baik dan benar, juga ditunjang pelayanan yang memadai akan sangat membantu dalam rangka penyelesaian kegiatan penelitian mahasiswa Tugas Akhir di laboratorium kimia. Handling of good equipments and materials to order to supply activities studensts at the chemical laboratory Equipment and materials facilities in chemical laboratory environment for students who are completing research tasks is an inseparable, and indispensable condition. Therefore, good and proper handling system, especially those related to chemicals or glassware and instruments starting from the procurement, receiving, packaging, storage until distribution, use in accordance with good and correct governance, also supported by adequate services will very helpful in the completion of research activities of Final Final students in the chemistry laboratory.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/20095
2020-04-17T20:21:09Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20095
2020-04-17T20:21:09Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018; 31-36
Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Zat Warna Methyl Violet Oleh Karbon Aktif Berbasis Limbah Daun Nanas (Ananas comosus L)
Lanjar, Lanjar; Teknik Kimia, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Riayanti, Fatma Indah; Teknik Kimia, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Astuti, Widi; Teknik Kimia, Universitas Negeri Semarang
2018-12-10 07:22:52
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20095
karbon aktif; limbah daun nanas; ZnCl2; microwave; methyl violet
en
Industri tekstil semakin berkembang seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia. Selain memberikan manfaat, industri tekstil memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan akibat penggunaan zat warna sintetis, salah satunya yaitu methyl violet. Apabila limbah tersebut dibuang ke perairan akan menyebabkan rusaknya ekologi lingkungan dan ancaman bagi kesehatan manusia, karena sebagian besar zat warna bersifat sukar terurai (non-bidegradable) dan karsinogenik (Brono, 2010). Salah satu metode yang terbukti efektif untuk menghilangkan zat warna adalah adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif. Pada penelitian ini karbon aktif dibuat dari limbah daun nanas dengan aktivator ZnCl2 dan pemanasan gelombang mikro. Selanjutnya, karbon aktif tersebut dikarakteriasi morfologi permukaan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), luas permukaan menggunakan Surface Area Analyzer, dan analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, dan digunakan untuk menjerap methyl violet di larutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif dari limbah daun nanas yang teraktivasi ZnCl2 menghasilkan pori yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan karbon tanpa aktivasi serta memiliki gugus fungsi yang dapat menjerap methyl violet. Kondisi optimum untuk adsorpsi adalah pH 5, waktu kontak 90 menit, dan konsentrasi awal 500 mg/L. Model kesetimbangan yang sesuai yaitu menggunakan model isotherm freundlich.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/3853
2018-02-04T15:07:12Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3853
2018-02-04T15:07:12Z
METANA
Vol 1, No 2 (2004): Desember 2004
STUDI AWAL PEMBUATAN ASAM LEMAK SECARA ENZIMATIK DARI BUAH SEGAR KELAPA SAWIT
Yulianto, Mohammad Endy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Broto, RTD Wisnu; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Pudjihastuti, Isti; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3853
en
Abstract Vegetable oil is one of plantation commodity, having advantages either as food or olechemical. One of the connecting bridges between vegetable oil and oleochemical industry is the conversion of vegetable oil to fatty acid. The supply of fatty acid in indonesia by import. Beside the promising market in global trading indonesia has the superiority in raw material supply for fatty acid production. In indonesia, the most raw materials used for producing fatty acid naturally include crude palm oil (CPO), palm kertnel oil (PKO), and coconut oil (CNO). Fatty acid production by enzymatic from palmfruit can be reduce investation and operation cost. The objective of this research is finding a new way of product fatty acid by direct separation from palm fruit. The research is information of process condition in fatty acid production by enzymatic from palm fruit, by quality of fatty acid is used in cosmetics, plastic, tyre, PVC, stabilizer, paint and soap industries. The variables studied in this process include temperature, pH, and water consentration. Yield of fatty acid is analysed for quality and quantity. The quality analysis include water consentration, acid number, iod number and perokside number. The quantity analysis is used titration or chromatografi gas. The research shows that the enzyme lipase action increases by temperature increase, and optimum temperatureof lipase from palm fruit for hydrolysis reaction is 35o C. If used buffer pH of reaction, fatty acid production can be increase. Beside that, water consentration increases by fatty acid production increase to. Keywords : fatty acid, enzyme, palm fruit
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/24892
2020-04-28T18:53:43Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/24892
2020-04-28T18:53:43Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019; 71-78
Bioplastik Berbasis Galaktomanan Hasil Ekstraski Ampas Kelapa Dengan Campuran Polyvinyl Alkohol
Sari, Nofita; Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Mairisya, Maudy; Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Kurniasari, Riska; Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Purnavita, Sari; Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
2019-11-27 21:28:31
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/24892
bioplastics; galactomannan; PVA
id
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum yang meliputi luas permukaan dan jumlah solven pada proses ekstraksi galaktomanan dari ampas kelapa terhadap yield yang dihasilkan dan mendapatkan kondisi optimumpada proses pembuatan bioplastik yang meliputi jumlah sorbitol dan waktu pencampuran terhadap karakteristik bioplastik yang meliputi ketebalan, ketahanan air, kuat tarik, elongasi, waktu degradasi dan morfologi.Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme dalam waktu yang singkat, sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan plastik konvensional.Bioplastik terbuat dari bahan polimer alami seperti pati, selulosa atau lemak.Penelitian pembuatan bioplastik ini berbasis dari galaktomanan ampas kelapa dan PVA. Galaktomanan merupakan polimer alami yang memiliki kemampuan membuat lapisan film.Polyvinyl alkohol (PVA) merupakan polimer sintetik namun memiliki sifat mudah larut dalam air sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan campuran pembuatan bioplastik. PVA juga mampu meningkatkan elastisitas dan kuat tarik bioplastik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bioplastik dengan ketebalan terbaik 0,18 mm dan prosentase ketahanan air tertinggi 74,76%. Tensile strength bioplastik terbaik dengan nilai 7,55 MPa, sedangkan prosentase elongation terbaik 46,81%. Bioplastik pada penelitian ini memiliki titik leleh (MP) 120°C dan terdegradasi sempurna dalam 24 jam. This study aims to obtain optimum conditions which are including surface area and amount of solvent in the galactomannan extraction process from coconut pulp to the produced yield and obtaining the optimum conditions in the bioplastic manufacturing process which are included the amount of sorbitol and mixing time of the bioplastic characteristics including thickness, water resistance, tensile strength, elongation, degradation time and morphology. Bioplastics are plastics that can be decomposed by microorganisms in a short time, making them more environmentally friendly than conventional plastics bioplastics made from natural polymer materials such as starch, cellulose, or fat. The research in making bioplastics was based on galactomannan coconut pulp and PVA. Galactomannan is a natural polymer that can make film layers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer but has properties that are soluble in water so it can be used as a mixture of bioplastics. PVA is also able to increase the elasticity and strong pull of bioplastics. This study produced bioplastics with the best thickness of 0,18mm and the highest percentage of water resistance in 74,76%. The best bioplastic tensile strength at 7,55 MPa value, while the best percentage of elongation 46,81%. Bioplastics in this study had a melting point (MP) of 120 ° C and were degraded correctly in 24 hours.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4915
2021-01-15T06:17:54Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4915
2021-01-15T06:17:54Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
Cover
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Undip
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4915
en
Cover
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/37911
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/37911
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021; 22-26
Kajian Sifat Morfologi dan Mekanis Biofoam dari Tepung Tapioka dan Serat Limbah Batang Jagung
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/download/37911/115385
Sumardiono, Siswo; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Pudjihastuti, Isti; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Amalia, Rizka; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
2021-05-30 22:26:47
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/37911
biofoam; tapioka; batang jagung; SEM; kuat tekan
id
Styrofoam atau polystyrene (PS) foam yang diolah, umumnya digunakan sebagai kemasan makanan. Rendahnya tingkat daur ulang pada polystyrene menyebabkan adanya polusi lingkungan yang merupakan ancaman serius terhadap kehidupan dan kesehatan manusia. Penggunaan styrofoam harus dihentikan dan dilakukan upaya alternatif bahan pengemas lain yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif pengganti styrofoam adalah biofoam yang menggunakan bahan baku utama limbah batang tanaman jagung sebagai sumber serat utama dan tepung tapioka sebagai sumber pati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan inovasi produksi biofoam biodegradabel dari tepung tapioka dan limbah batang jagung sebagai pengganti styrofoam sintetis di pasaran. Pengaruh penambahan bahan baku limbah batang jagung, tepung tapioka, dan polivinil alcohol (PVA) terhadap sifat fisis produk biofoam telah dipelajari dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian biofoam terbaik diperoleh dari komposisi pati tapioka 56,25 g, serat jagung 18,75 g dan PVA 25 g. Hasil pengujian SEM, menunjukkan bahwa bahwa permukaan biofoam tidak lebih rata dibandingkan styrofoam. Pada hasil foto SEM masih terlihat adanya sedikit granula pati utuh karena pada proses gelatinisasi mengalami pembengkakan (swelling) tetapi belum terdisintegrasi (breakdown). Namun, sebagian besar granula lain mengalami retrogradasi akibat gelatinisasi. Biofoam hasil penelitian memiliki nilai kekerasan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Styrofoam komersial dengan nilai kuat tekan sebesar 14.162 MPa.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7207
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7207
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
CO-COMBUSTION SLUDGE IPAL PLTU TANJUNG JATI B UNIT 1&2 DENGAN BATUBARA : TINJAUAN ENERGI TERMAL PEMBAKARAN DAN PENGARUH TERHADAP EMISI SOX DAN SLAGGING PADA BOILER
SAC, Ragil Darmawan; PT. TJB Power Services PLTU Jepara
Aryanti, Nita; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof Sudharto Tembalang Semarang, 50239
Soetrisnanto, Danny; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof Sudharto Tembalang Semarang, 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7207
en
Abstract Electricity production process at TanjungJati B unit 1&2 Power Plant is also producing B3 waste (sludge) obtained from waste water treatment plant. E-Green principles can encourage company to reduce amount of waste generated. A co-combustion process (re-combusting the sludge with coal in boiler) can be applied to reduce the sludge waste. Previous study literature shows there is no experiment related co-combustion between sludge and coal. Moreover, characteristic of sludge (proximate, ultimate, chemical composition and temperature of ash fusion) effective for combustion and the process are unknown. The aims of this research are to find sludge characteristic, to evaluate caloric value from sludge combustion, to study the effect of co-combustion coal-sludge to emission and potential of slagging formation. The research carried out by proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, sulfur and caloric content), ultimate analysis (C, H, S, N, and O), chemical composition of ash (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, and P2O5), and ash fusion temperature. Results showedthat thecaloricvalue, sulfurandCaO content are differentsludgewithcoal. The caloric value of sludge is 428.22kcal/kg, sulfur content is 12.46% and CaO content is 34.11%. Caloric value of coal is 6125 kcal/kg, sulfur content is 1.14% and CaO content is 1.73%. The sulfur contentrepresentthe amount of produced SOxemissionsdue to there is no sulfur content at formed ash. The combustion with coal produced 427.318 mg/Nm3 SOx emission. The mixingratiothatstillmeets the standardis(15:1) with711.547mg/Nm3 of SOx emission. Mixing ratio variation show that higher ratio gives higher caloric value, lower sulfur content and decrease slagging index. Based on existing boiler requirement conditions, the mixing ratio of (20:1) and (15:1) is applicable due to have enough caloric value, low slagging index, and not exceed the limit for emission.The optimum condition for co-combustion in this research is ratio (15:1). Higher ratio is recommended for application of co-combustion due to result higher caloric value, lower emission and lower slagging index. 38Keywords :Co-combustion, Batubara, Sludge IPAL, Slagging
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/42417
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42417
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 14-22
Sintesis Biodiesel Minyak Ampas Tahu Terkatalisis Lempung Termodifikasi Kalsium Oksida dengan Pemanasan Microwave
Agustin, Niyar Candra; Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pandanaran
Prasdiantika, Ricka; Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pandanaran
Subekti, Sri; Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Pandanaran
2022-06-17 01:55:36
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42417
biodiesel; ampas tahu; lempung termodifikasi CaO; microwave
id
Biodiesel telah menjadi sumber energi alternaltif yang terus dikembangkan. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis biodiesel dari minyak ampas tahu menggunakan katalis lempung termodifikasi Kalsium Oksida (CaO) dengan pemanasan microwave untuk menghasilkan biodiesel. Sintesis Katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO menggunakan metode impregnasi basah. Sistesis biodiesel dari minyak ampas tahu melalui reaksi transesterifikasi dengan variasi jumlah katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % (b/b) dan variasi daya microwave 150, 300, 450, 600, dan 800 watt. Katalis Lempung termodifikasi CaO dikarakterisasi SEM EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopes/Energy Dispersive X-Ray) dan uji kebasaannya dengan metode Hammet. Produk biodiesel dikarakterisasi dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel minyak ampas tahu telah berhasil disintesis. Biodiesel optimum dicapai pada jumlah katalis lempung termodifikasi CaO sebesar 3% dan daya microwave 600 watt dengan waktu reaksi 15 menit sebesar 90%. Terbentuknya biodiesel dibuktikan dengan beberapa puncak metil ester yaitu metil oleat (59,88%), metil palmitat (36,74%), metil stearat (2,94%), dan metil miristat (0,28%). Biodiesel has become an alternative energy source that continues to be developed. In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from tofu dregs oil using a clay modified calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst with microwave heating to produce biodiesel. Synthesis of clay modified CaO catalyst using wet impregnation method. Synthesis of biodiesel from tofu dregs oil through transesterification reaction with variations in the amount of modified clay catalyst CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % (w/w) and variations in microwave power 150, 300, 450, 600, and 800 watts. The CaO-modified clay catalyst was characterized by SEM EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopes/Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and tested for basicity using the Hammet method. The biodiesel products were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The characterization results show that the tofu dregs oil biodiesel has been successfully synthesized. Optimum biodiesel was achieved at 3% CaO-modified clay catalyst and 600 watt microwave power with a reaction time of 15 minutes by 90%. The formation of biodiesel was evidenced by several peaks of methyl esters, namely methyl oleate (59.88%), methyl palmitate (36.74%), methyl stearate (2.94%), and methyl myristate (0.28%).
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9771
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9771
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014; 1-11
EKSTRAKSI FLAVONOID DARI DAUN PARE (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.) BERBANTU GELOMBANG MIKRO SEBAGAI PENURUN KADAR GLUKOSA SECARA IN VITRO
Mutiara, Erlita Verdia; Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi “Yayasan Pharmasi” Semarang
Jl. Sarwo Edhie Wibowo Km.1 Plamongansari, Pucanggading, Semarang
Wildan, Achmad; Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi “Yayasan Pharmasi” Semarang
Jl. Sarwo Edhie Wibowo Km.1 Plamongansari, Pucanggading, Semarang
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9771
en
Abstract One of the traditional medicinal plants are believed to be lowering glucose levels are pare (Momordica charantia L.). Plants pare (Momordica charantia L.) is a plant that is familiar to the people of Indonesia, because the fruit is often used as asvegetables. The pare leaf chemical constituents is alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that can be used as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor, and antilepra. The main advantage of microwave-assisted extraction compared to conventional extraction using soxhlet namely greater efficiency and a shorter operating time. Microwave-assisted extraction will provide the transfer rate is higher than the conventional extraction. This study aims to determine the ability of a flavonoid extract of the leaves of pare (Momordica charantia L.) in lowering glucose levels and maximum concentrations of the extract flavonoids that can lower glucose levels as well as the variation of the variable microwave extraction for obtaining extracts optimal results. The process of extracting flavonoids from the leaves of pare (Momordica charantia L.) is done using a microwave extractor with frequency 2450 MHz with a maximum power of 900 watts. The extract obtained was then reacted with glucose with Nellson-Somogyi method. Types of flavonoids that play a role in lowering glucose levels were identified using a sliding reagent with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the optimum conditions in the extraction process of flavonoids from the leaves of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) by microwave-assisted was the 30 minute with a yield of 20.85%. The concentration of flavonoids extract can lower glucose levels are 160 ppm with a 50.38% decrease. Flavonoid compounds that play a role in lowering glucose levels in the leaves of pare is 5,3 ', 4'-trihydroxy flavonols. Keywords: extraction, microwaves, glucose, pare leaves, Nellson Somogyi Abstrak Salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang dipercaya sebagai penurun kadar glukosa adalah pare (Momordica charantiaL.). Tanaman pare (Momordica charantia L.) merupakan tanaman yang tidak asing bagi masyarakat Indonesia, karena buahnya sering digunakan sebagai sayuran atau lalapan. Kandungan kimia daun pare yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan, antimikroba, antidiabetes, antitumor, dan antilepra.Keuntungan utama dari ekstraksi dengan bantuan gelombang mikro dibandingkan dengan ekstraksi konvensional menggunakan sokhlet yaitu efisiensi lebih besar dan waktu operasinya lebih singkat. Ekstraksi berbantu gelombang mikro akan memberikan laju perpindahan masa yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstraksi konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan dari ekstrak flavonoid dari daun pare (Momordica charantia L.) dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa dan konsentrasi maksimal dari ekstrak flavonoid yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa serta variasi dari variabel ekstraksi gelombang mikro untuk memperoleh hasil ekstrak yang optimal. Proses ekstraksi flavonoid dari daun pare(Momordica charantia L.) dilakukan menggunakan alat microwave ekstraktor dengan frekuensi 2450 Mhz dengan daya maksimal 900 watt. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian direksikan dengan glukosa dengan metode Nellson-Somogyi. Jenis flavonoid yang berperan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa diidentifikasi menggunakan pereaksi geser dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi yang optimum dalam proses ekstraksi flavonoid dari daun pare (Momordica charantia L.) dengan berbantu gelombang mikro adalah menit ke-30 dengan rendemen 20,85%. Konsentrasi ekstrak flavonoid yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa adalah 160 ppm dengan penurunan 50,38%.Senyawa flavonoid yang berperan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam daun pare adalah 5,3’,4’-trihidroksi flavonol. Kata kunci : Ekstraksi, gelombang mikro,glukosa, daun pare, Nellson Somogyi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12574
2021-01-15T06:14:19Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12574
2021-01-15T06:14:19Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12574
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/53234
2023-06-17T15:05:37Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/53234
2023-06-17T15:05:37Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023; 29-34
Pembuatan Arang Aktif Dari Gambut Hasil Pirolisis Katalitik Dengan Aktivator NaCl
Assaury, Ghiffary Dalf; Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Ahnaf, Syahda Khairunnisa; Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Arinanda, Aqiila Tasya; Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Sahraeni, Sitti; Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
2023-06-17 15:04:50
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/53234
aktivasi kimia; arang aktif; gambut; NaCl; pirolisis katalitik
id
Gambut mengandung senyawa organik seperti hemiselulosa, lignin dan selulosa. Gambut pada bagian atas disebut gambut fibrik dan gambut dapat diolah menjadi arang aktif. Pembuatan arang aktif perlu dilakukan proses karbonisasi dan pada umumnya proses karbonisasi menggunakan metode pirolisis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat arang aktif dari gambut fibrik dengan menggunakan metode pirolisis katalitik dan aktivasi menggunakan NaCl yang dapat memenuhi standar arang aktif menurut SNI 06-3730-1995 dari parameter kadar air, kadar abu, volatile matter dan daya serap iod. Gambut diproses secara pirolisis katalitik dengan mencampurkan bahan baku gambut dan katalis zeolit alam (1% dari bahan baku) pada suhu 500oC selama 120 menit. Selanjutnya 10 gram arang diaktivasi menggunakan variasi konsentrasi aktivator NaCl 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% selama 180 menit menggunakan perbandingan 1:10 (berat/volume) dan kecepatan pengadukan 350 rpm. Hasil optimum diperoleh pada NaCl konsentrasi 15%, dengan kadar air 4,71%, kadar abu 24,35%, volatile matter 5,20%, fixed carbon dan daya serap I2 774,14 mg/g. Hasil analisa kadar air dan volatile matter telah memenuhi standar SNI serta daya serap I2 telah memenuhi standar SNI untuk konsentrasi aktivator NaCl 15%. Namun kadar abu semua variasi konsentrasi aktivator masih belum memenuhi standar SNI. 06-3730-1995. Peat contains organic compounds such as hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose. Peat at the aspart is called fibric peat, can be processed into activated charcoal. The manufacture of activated charcoal requires a carbonization process such as the pyrolysis method. The purpose of this study is making activated charcoal from fibric peat using catalytic pyrolysis and activation method using NaCl to meet activated charcoal standards according to SNI 06-3730-199. Peat is processed by catalytic pyrolysis using natural zeolite catalysts (1% of raw materials) at a temperature of 500oC for 120 minutes. Furthermore, 10 grams of charcoal were activated using variations in NaCl activator concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% for 180 minutes using a ratio of 1:10 (weight/volume) and a stirring speed of 350 rpm. Optimum results were obtained at 15% NaCl concentration, with a moisture content of 4.71%, ash content of 24.35%, volatile matter of 5.20%, fixed carbon of 65.74% and absorption of I2 774.14 mg/g. The results of the analysis of water content, volatile matter, and the absorption capacity of I2 has met the SNI standard for a 15% NaCl activator concentration. However, the ash content of all variations in activator concentrations still does not meet SNI 06-3730-1995.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1666
2021-01-15T06:20:48Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1666
2021-01-15T06:20:48Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
DAFTAR ISI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknk Kimia FT UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1666
en
DAFTAR ISI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14755
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14755
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
PENGEMBANGAN PROSES MODIFIKASI CASSAVA DENGAN HIDROLISA ASAM LAKTAT DAN UV UNTUK SUBSTITUSI TERIGU DALAM PRODUK PANGAN
Sumardiono, Siswo; Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Pudjihastuti, Isti; PSD 3 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Jln Prof Sudarto, SH Semarang 50239, telp/fax 024-7471379
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14755
Abstrak Pati termodifikasi merupakan produk sangat prospektiv dalam industri makanan. Pertimbangan utama dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya volume permintaan import gandum dan kebutuhan akan pati termodifikasi. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan hidrolisis asam laktat dan reaksi fotokimia UV sebagai katalis terhadap tapioka untuk memodifikasi sifat sifat fisikokimia dan rheologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi asam, lama penyinaran lampu UV, dan waktu pengeringan dengan pengering sinar matahari. Variabel percobaan meliputi konsentrasi asam laktat (0,5; 1; 1,5; dan 2%), lama penyinaran dengan lampu UV (10, 15, 20, dan 25 menit) dan waktu pengeringan dengan sinar matahari 4 jam. Tapioka dilarutkan dalam larutan asam laktat pada reaktor tangki berpengaduk yang dilengkapi lampu UV dan kemudian disaring. Tepung tapioka terhidrolisis dikeringkan dengan sinar matahari. Sifat fisikokimia dan rheologi produk ditentukan dengan analisis viskositas, swelling power, kelarutan, daya kembang, hardnes dari roti muffin. Hasil optimum diperoleh 4250 dPa; 26,05; 2,25%; 3,75 ml / g, 160,02 gf, dan 300,35 gf untuk viskositas, swelling power, kelarutan, daya kembang, hardnes samping dan tengah roti muffin. Sifat fisikokimia dan rheologi berubah secara signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan tapioka asli dan gandum. Produk ini diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk substitusi gandum pada produk pangan.Kata kunci: swelling power, hidrolisis asam, UV, baking ekspansi Abstract Modified starch is a very prospective conversion starch in the food industry. The main consideration of the research is the increasing volume of wheat import and industries demand of modified starch. The research method is by acid hydrolysis using lactic acid and UV photochemical and reaction as catalyst of tapioca in order to modify physicochemical and rheological properties. The purpose if this research to study the effect of acid concentration, UV lightening, and drying period using sunlight. The experiment variables are lactic acid concentration (0,5; 1; 1,5;and 2%), UV lightening period (10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) and drying period using sunlight 4 hours. Tapioca was dissolved in lactic acid solution on agitated tank reactor which was lighted by UV lamp and then screened. The hydrolyzed tapioca was the dried by sunlight. The physicochemical and rheological properties of product were determined by viscosity analysis, swelling power, solubility, baking expansion, center and wall hardness of muffin. Optimum result was obtained 4250 dPa’s; 26,05; 2,25%; 3,75 ml/g, 160,02 gf, and 300,35 gf for viscosity, swelling power, solubility, baking expansion, center and wall hardness of muffin respectively. The physicochemical and rheological properties changed significantly compared to initial tapioca and wheat. Moreover, it was expected to use as food product substitution. Keywords: swelling power, acid hydrolysis, UV, baking expansion
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1721
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1721
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
STUDI POTENSI EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI TEKSTIL PRINTING SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF (STUDI KASUS: PT. SEKAR BENGAWAN, KARANGANYAR)
Zaman, Badrus; Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Budihardjo, M. Arief; Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1721
en
Abstract PT. Sekar Bengawan in Karanganyar Regency. Central Java is a printing textile industry which produces 1,25 m3 of kerosene waste per day. Based on technical test, the characteristic of the kerosene waste are as follows, 42,772 MJ/kg of calorific value, 0, 08359 mg/m3 of SO2 emision, and 0,13518 mg/m3 of NO2 emision. The kerosene waste can be used as fuel with the ratio of time length, volume of soot, and weight of soot is 1,72 ; 1,6 ; and 3,1 times bigger than kerosene. Based on exposure assesment of SO2 and of NO2, Hazard index value for adult woman is 0,412; adult man is 0,272 ; child 6-12 years is 0,27;. and child 2-6 years is 0.2725. With hazard index less than one, so kerosene waste will not generate health impact. Based on these data, kerosene waste can be reused and resold to the market. The target market segments are households and street vendors. Kerosene waste which is priced Rp ll75/liters will generate Rp.22.643.437,5 per month of profit compared with Rp.50.625.000 per month of cost if it is treated an hazardous waste treatment. Key word : Waste kerosene, Hazard Index, Reuse, Economic potency
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/17514
2020-04-17T20:20:24Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17514
2020-04-17T20:20:24Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017; 23-29
Studi Pengaruh Suhu Dan Ketebalan Irisan Terhadap Kadar Air, Laju Pengeringan Dan Karakteristik Fisik Ubi Kayu Dan Ubi Jalar
Yando, Adhit Mardita; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Paramita, Vita; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-02-14 15:23:49
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17514
Kadar air; laju pengeringan; organoleptic; ubi kayu; ubi jalar; moisture content; drying rate; cassava; sweet potato
en
Pengujian kadar air, laju pengeringan dan organoleptik dilakukan terhadap ubi kayu dan ubi jalar menggunakan oven Memmert type UN 110 dengan variabel suhu 70, 90 dan 120 ºC serta variabel ketebalan 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm dan 5 mm. Kadar air ubi kayu terbaik pada suhu 90ºC yaitu 54.367% dengan ketebalan 4 mm serta hasil laju pengeringan maksimalnya pada suhu 120 ºC yaitu 0.091 gram/menit dengan ketebalan 5 mm. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan semua bahan pada suhu 120 ºC mengalami penghitaman namun bahan pada suhu 70 ºC dan 90 ºC dengan tebal 3, 4 dan 5 mm tidak mengalami penghitaman. Sedangkan pada ubi jalar, kadar air terbaik pada suhu 70 ºC yaitu 66.397% dengan ketebalan 1 mm serta hasil laju pengeringan maksimalnya pada suhu 120 ºC yaitu 0.077 gram/menit dengan ketebalan 5 mm. Hasil uji organoleptik memperlihatkan semua bahan mengalami penghitaman dengan bahan yang paling hitam dialami pada bahan dengan perlakuan suhu 90 ºC dengan ketebalan 1 mm. Studies Effect Of Temperature And Thickness Of Slices To Water Content, Drying Rate And Physical Characteristic Cassava And Sweet Potatoes Determine of moisture content, drying rate and organoleptic was done on cassava and sweet potatoes using Memmert type 110 UN oven with temperature variable 70, 90 and 120 ºC and variable thickness 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm. The best cassava moisture content at 90ºC have value 54.367% with a thickness of 4 mm and the maximum drying rate at 120ºC have value 0.091 gram/min with a thickness of 5 mm. The result of an organoleptic test shown all the materials at 120 ºC had blackening but the material at 70 ºC and 90 ºC with thickness 3, 4 and 5 mm did not experience blackening. While in sweet potato, the best moisture content at 70 ºC have value 66.397% with a thickness of 1 mm and the maximum drying rate at 120 ºC have value 0.077 gram/min with a thickness of 5 mm. The result of an organoleptic test showed all the ingredients were blackened with the blackest material experienced by the material with temperature treatment 90 ºC with thickness 1 mm.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1949
2021-01-15T06:19:41Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1949
2021-01-15T06:19:41Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
PENGANTAR REAKSI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1949
en
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/19163
2020-04-17T20:20:58Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/19163
2020-04-17T20:20:58Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018; 7-10
Efikasi Formula Insektisida Berbahan Aktif Propoxure Dan Malathion Terhadap Vektor Penyakit DBD
Supriyo, Edy; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Broto, R.T.D. Wisnu; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Pujihastuti, Isti; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-06-04 13:13:28
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/19163
efektifitas; formula; pestisida; effectiveness; formula; pesticide
en
Beberapa formula insektisida tidak efektif untuk membasmi vektor penyakit Demam berdarah dengue sehingga digunakan formula kombinasi beberapa insektisida golongan organofosfat dan karbamat yang terbukti memenuhi standar Komisi Pestisida Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efikasi formulasi campuran golongan organofosfat dan karbamat terhadap vektor DBD Aedes aegypti strain Semarang. Formulasi insektisida yang digunakan mempunyai komposisi propoxure 17 %, Malathion 3 %, agrisol 13 %, DBS 7 %, Xyline 55 %, dan additive 5 % (% berat). Uji efikasi (uji LD 50)dilakukan dengan menggunakan hewan uji nyamuk Aedes aegypti strain kota Semarang. Sebelum digunakan uji efikasi, formula insektisida cair diencerkan 10 kali dengan pelarut adthiner. Uji efikasi menunjukkan bahwa semua hewan uji tersebut 90% mati pada dosis 0,250 cc/L sehingga disimpulkan bahwa dosis yang terbaik untuk digunakan pada foging adalah 0,250 cc/ L. Effication Test Of Insecticide Formula With Active Ingredient Of Propoxure And Malathion To DBD Disease Vector Several insecticide formulae have not been effective to eridicate the vector of dengue fever disease therefore the combination some insecticide of organophosphate and carbamate has been proved to match with Indonesian Pesticide Commision. The present work was aimed to do the effication test of insecticide formulation of organophosphate and carbamate on vector of DBD. Insecticide formulation were consisted of 17 % propoxure, 3 % Malathion, 13 % agrisol, 7 % DBS, 55 % Xyline, and 5 % additive (% weight). Effication test (LD 50)use mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti Semarang strain. Prior the test the insecticide formulation was diluted 10 times with adthiner solvent. Effication test showed that 90% mosquitoes was killed at dose of formulation 0,250 cc/L. Therefore it is conclused that 0,250 cc/L of insecticide formulation was recommed for Aedes aegypti fogging.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1950
2021-01-15T06:19:44Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1950
2021-01-15T06:19:44Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
DAFTAR ISI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1950
en
DAFTAR ISI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/20330
2020-04-17T20:21:34Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20330
2020-04-17T20:21:34Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019; 32-36
Pengaruh Komposisi Pada Minyak Telon Terhadap Uji Indeks Bias Dengan Meinggunakan Refraktometer Tipe Way Abbe
Solarbesain, Frengky Hutama Putra; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Pudjihastuti, Isti; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2019-06-18 07:05:32
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20330
Minyak atsiri; Pencampuran; Indeks Bias dan organoleptik; Essential Oil; Mixing; Refractive Index and Organoleptic
id
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indeks bias Minyak Ttelon dengan komposisi yang berbeda-beda. Pembuatan minyak telon dari campuran kelapa dan minyak atsiri (minyak adas dan kayu putih) dengan variasi komposisi Minyak kayu putih : minyak kelapa : minyak adas. Hasil di uji indeks biasnya menggunakan refraktometer dan organoleptik. Hasil indeks bias yang didapat sampel Pertama dengan komposisi minyak telon (20:20:15) yaitu 1,4510 D, Sampel kedua dengan komposisi minyak telon (15:10:20) yaitu 1,4465 D, dan sampel ketiga dengan komposisi minyak telon (10:15:20) yaitu 1,4468 D. Dari hasil uji organoleptik di dapatkan minyak telon yang lebih disukai yaitu pada sampel pertama dengan komposisi minyak telon (20:20:15), dan minyak telon yang kurang disukai yaitu pada sampel ketiga dengan komposisi minyak telon (10:15:20). Pada Uji Organoleptik sampel minyak telon yang disukai yaitu sampel satu lebih dengan komposisi minyak kayu putih 20 ml, minyak kelapa 20 ml dan minyak adas 15 ml lebih disukai dimbandingkan yang lainnya. Dari segi aroma khas minyak telon lebih kuat tercium, untuk warnanya bening dan pada saat dioleskan pada kulit terasa hangat. Research aims to find the refractive index of Ttelon Oil with different composition. The manufacture of telon oil from coconut and essential oil mixture (fennel oil and eucalyptus) with variation of composition of eucalyptus oil: coconut oil: fennel oil. Results in the refractive index test using refractometer and organoleptic. The result of refractive index obtained First sample with the composition of oil telon (20:20:15) that is 1.4510 D, second sample with the composition of oil telon (15:10:20) that is 1.4465 D, and the third sample with the composition of oil telon (10:15:20) that is 1.4468 D. From the results of organoleptic test in obtain the preferred telon oil that is in the first sample with the composition of telon oil (20:20:15), and the oil is less favored telon that is in the third sample with the composition of oil telon (10:15:20). In the preferred Organoleptic Test the preferred sample of telon oil is one more sample with a 20 ml eucalyptus oil composition, 20 ml coconut oil and 15 ml fennel oil preferably compared to the others. In terms of distinctive aroma of telon oil more strong smell, for the color is clear and at the time applied to the skin was warm.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4872
2021-01-15T06:17:50Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4872
2021-01-15T06:17:50Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
DAFTAR ISI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4872
en
DAFTAR ISI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/34010
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/34010
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020; 68-74
Uji Kinerja Mesin Pencacah Tumbuhan Nilam dengan Kapasitas 120 Kg/Jam
Porawati, Hilda; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Jambi
Darmuji, Darmuji; Department of Electonic Engineering, Politeknik Jambi
Rifa'i, Ahmad Imam; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Jambi
2020-11-22 06:20:46
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/34010
Mesin Pencacah; Planer; Nilam
id
Tumbuhan nilam merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri dan salah satu penyumbang devisa terbesar di antara tanaman atsiri lainnya. Minyak nilam merupakan bahan baku dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, antiseptik serta aromaterapi. Salah satu indikator peningkatan kapasitas produksi minyak nilam adalah terdapat pada proses pencacahan tumbuhan nilam sebelum dilakukan proses penyulingan minyak nilam. Proses pencacahan tumbuhan nilam akan lebih efektif dalam efisiensi waktu pengerjaan dan peningkatan kapasitas jika dilakukan dengan mesin pencacah. Komponen utama dari mesin pencacah tumbuhan nilam adalah rangka, cover dan rangka, poros, saluran masuk, saluran keluar, kedudukan mata pisau, transmisi tunggal serta mesin penggerak. Daya mesin penggerak yang digunakan sebesar 5.5 HP dengan mata pisau planer berjumlah 4 buah dimensi 300 x 30 x 30 mm yang terbuat dari komposisi material High Speed Steel (HSS) 18%. Posisi mata pisau di pasang dengan kemiringan mata pisau 3⁰. Sistem transmisi menggunakan sistem transmisi tunggal yaitu 2 buah pulley dihubungkan dengan menggunakan v-belt. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengatur variasi putaran motor penggerak untuk mengetahui kapasitas cacahan dalam rentang waktu 1 jam. Ukuran hasil cacahan yang diteliti diatur dengan variasi jarak potong mata pisau yaitu 20 mm dan 30 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas cacahan meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya putaran poros mata pisau. Pada putaran poros mata pisau > 1000 rpm mesin pencacah tumbuhan nilam memiliki kapasitas cacahan ±120 kg/jam. Kapasitas cacahan untuk variasi jarak 30 mm memiliki kapasitas cacahan yang lebih banyak di bandingkan dengan pengaturan jarak 30 mm. Berdasarkan syarat mutu dan metode uji dari mesin pencacah (chopper) mesin pencacah tumbuhan nilam SNI 7580:2010 tergolong kedalam mesin kelas A. Patchouli plant produces essential oils and one of the largest foreign exchange earners, among other essential plants. Patchouli oil is a raw material in the cosmetics, perfume, antiseptic, and aromatherapy industries. One indicator of an increase in patchouli oil production capacity is the patchouli plant's chopping process before the patchouli oil refining process is carried out. The patchouli plant's chopping process will be more effective in the efficiency of processing time and increased capacity if it is done with a chopping machine. The patchouli chopping machine's main components are the frame, cover and frame, shaft, inlet, outlet, the position of the blade, single transmission, and engine. The power of the engine used is 5.5 HP with 4 planer blades of 300 x dimensions. 30 x 30 mm, which is made of 18% High-Speed Steel (HSS) material composition. The position of the blade is attached with a 3 angle of the blade. The transmission system uses a single transmission system, namely 2 pulleys connected using a v-belt. This research was conducted by adjusting the motor rotation variation to determine the chopping capacity within 1 hour. The size of the chopped results studied was adjusted by varying the cutting distance of the blades, namely 20 mm and 30 mm. The results showed that the chopping capacity increased with an increasing rotation of the blade shaft. At the blade rotation> 1000 rpm, the patchouli chopping machine has a ±120 kg/hour chopping capacity. The chopping capacity for 30 mm spacing variations has more chopping capacity than the 30 mm spacing setting. Based on the chopper's quality requirements and the test method, the patchouli plant SNI 7580: 2010 is classified as a class A machine.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7203
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7203
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
PEMANFAATAN MINYAK BIJI RAMI (LINSEED OIL) DAN GLISEROL BY-PRODUCT BIODIESEL UNTUK PEMBUATAN VERNIS ALAMI
Sutanti, Sri; Akademi Kimia Industri Santo Paulus Semarang
Purnavita, Sari; Akademi Kimia Industri Santo Paulus Semarang
Sriyana, Herman Yoseph; Akademi Kimia Industri Santo Paulus Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7203
en
Abstract Varnish is coating material that is produced by using polymer. Actually natural varnish is produced by manufacturing natural polymer like gondorukem. The research is to study about optimizing of reactant composition as the ratio of OH/COOH and operation temperature in the process of making natural varnish from gondorukem, linseed oil and glycerol by-product biodiesel using the alcoholysis method. The reaction is done in the reactor using agitator. The reaction consists of two steps, 1). the forming of monoglyceride, 2). the forming of varnish. Both steps of reaction is done at the same temperature (200oC, 220oC, 240oC and 260oC). Reactant ratio is used as equivalent ratio OH/COOH: 1,1; 1,2; and 1,3. We analyze free glycerol concentration in the first step reaction and acid value in the second step reaction. The best result is obtained in ratio 1,2 and operation temperature 260oC. Key word: natural varnish, alcoholysis, equivalent ratio OH/COOH, linseed oil, glycerol by-product biodiesel.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/43335
2021-12-14T12:04:26Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/43335
2021-12-14T12:04:26Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021; 81-87
Proses Fermentasi pada Produksi Bioetanol Dedak Padi dengan Hidrolisis Enzimatis
Falaah, Miftakhu; Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Departemen Industri, Universitas Diponegoro
Kusumayanti, Heny
2021-12-14 10:56:32
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/43335
Bioetanol; Dedak Padi; Fermentasi; Urea dan NPK
id
Meningkatnya harga bahan bakar dan menurunnya cadangan bahan bakar fosil memaksa untuk mencari sumber-sumber energi yang murah sebagai biofuel, seperti bioetanol dapat mengurangi efek negatif dari penggunaan bahan bakar fosil yang tidak terbarukan. Bioetanol dapat terbuat dari biomassa yang mengandung gula, pati dan selulosa. Dedak padi merupakan hasil samping dari penggilingan padi dan menyumbang ±11% dari berat padi. Dalam hal ini dedak padi karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi untuk diolah menjadi bioetanol. Sementara untuk meningkatkan kadar etanol, proses terpenting dalam produksi bioetanol adalah proses fermentasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu pengoptimalan proses fermentasi meliputi pH dan waktu pada pembuatan bioetanol dari ekstrak dedak padi dengan penambahan urea dan NPK sebagai sumber nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan saccharomycess cerevisiae. Penelitian ini menggunakan dedak padi yang dihidrolisis, kemudian difermentasi menggunakan saccharomycess cerevisiae dengan penambahan nutrisi urea dan NPK, dan di distilasi untuk dimurnikan. Pengoptimalan pH dan waktu pada proses fermentasi serta penambahan nutrisi urea dan NPK diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kadar bioetanol yang dihasilkan. Hasil data dihitung dengan menggunakan metode perhitungan faktorial desain untuk mengetahui variabel paling berpengaruh. Rising fuel prices and declining fossil fuel reserves force to find cheap energy sources as biofuels, such as bioethanol can reduce the negative impact of using non-renewable fossil fuels. Bioethanol can be produced from biomass containing sugar, starch and cellulose. Rice bran is a by product of rice milling and accounts for ±11% of the weight of rice. In this case the carbohydrate rice bran is high enough so that it can be processed into bioethanol. Meanwhile, to increase ethanol content the most important process in manufacture of bioethanol is fermentation process. The purpose of this study is to optimize the fermentation process including pH and time in manufacture of bioethanol from rice bran extract with addition of urea and NPK as a source of nutrients for growth saccharomycess cerevisiae. This study used rice bran which was hydrolyzed, then fermented using saccharomycess cerevisiae with addition of urea and NPK nutrients, and then distilled to be purified. Optimizing pH and time in the fermentation process as well as adding urea and NPK nutrients are expected to increase levels of bioethanol produced. The results of the data are calculated using the design factorial calculation method to determine the most influential variable.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7616
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7616
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
DAMPAK PROGRAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERBASIS MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BADAK LNG TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BUDAYA HIJAU (GREEN CULTURE) PADA MASYARAKAT KOTA BONTANG
Sunaryo, Busori; Manager Media, CSR, External Relation Badak LNG
Susanti, Pratiwi Rini; Pjs. Senior Manager Corporate Communication Badak LNG
Irkham, Agus M; Alumnus Ilmu Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan Undip, Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7616
en
Abstract Bontang as a growing municipality continuously develops all aspects of life. One of negative effects of every developing city is the increase in the volume of its community waste. Until July 2011 the daily volume of Bontang waste is at average of 54,41 tonnes or 1.686,81 tonnes in July 2011. The waste issue mismanagement will potentially cause some decreases on the quality of society health, environmental problems, and economy lost. Badak LNG as a key stakeholder of Bontang City was called to solve this waste management issue. In the frame of Corporate Social Responsibility-CSR program, Badak LNG created a special program which was called “A Society-based Plastic Management” as an alternative. It consists of a series of programs such as waste bank, training for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), repacking of carton waste for recycle, and small scale business of waste plastic chopping which now involves 13 groups consisting of 94 members. Based on the empirical study the writer has done, this “ Society-Based Plastic Management” has not only creates products (output) and outcome, but also has created a shared value of green culture towards Bontang community. Key words : Waste, CSR, Green Culture,Plastic chopping small scale business.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/49639
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49639
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 2 (2022): Desember 2022; 105-113
Efektifitas Penyisihan Fosfat Pada Air Limbah Menggunakan Metode Kombinasi Elektrokoagulasi dan Fotokatalis Dengan Kaolin-TiO2
Setiawan, Adhi; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Mahfudz, Lintang Indra Liuqil; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Ramadani, Tarikh Azis; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Muthi’ah, Siti; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Nizam, Muhammad Asrul; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
Dermawan, Denny; Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Limbah, Jurusan Teknik Permesinan Kapal, Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
2022-11-10 13:46:14
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49639
Elektrokoagulasi; Fosfat; Fotokatalis; Kaolin-TiO2
id
Kandungan fosfat pada badan air salah satunya bersumber dari air limbah domestik dan industri. Fosfat yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Alternatif pengolahan fosfat pada air limbah salah satunya menggunakan kombinasi metode elektrokoagulasi dan fotokatalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu kontak dan besar tegangan pada metode elektrokoagulasi, pengaruh dosis katalis dan waktu penyinaran pada metode fotokatalis, dan karakteristik katalis komposit kaolin-TiO2. Penyisihan fosfat dilakukan secara batch menggunakan elektrokoagulasi yang dilanjutkan dengan proses fotokatalis. Metode elektrokoagulasi menggunakan elektroda aluminium dengan variasi tegangan 10, 20, dan 30 V, serta waktu kontak 90 dan 120 menit. Metode fotokatalis menggunakan komposit kaolin-TiO2 dan sumber foton lampu UV-C, dengan variasi dosis kaolin-TiO2 yaitu 120, 180, dan 240 mg/L, serta waktu penyinaran 10, 20 dan 30 menit. Komposit kaolin-TiO2 dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan SEM-EDX. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi penyisihan fosfat pada elektrokoagulasi maksimal diperoleh pada kondisi tegangan 30 V dan waktu kontak 120 menit dengan nilai sebesar 87,31%. Nilai maksimum penyisihan parameter fosfat fotokatalis terjadi pada dosis katalis 240 mg/L dengan waktu reaksi 30 menit dengan nilai sebesar 63,33%. One of the phosphate contents in water bodies is sourced from household and industrial wastewater. Excessive phosphates can cause eutrophication. One alternative of phosphate treatment in wastewater is the combination of electrocoagulation and photocatalytic methods. This study aims to determine the influence of contact time and voltage magnitude on the electrocoagulation method, the effect of catalyst dosing and irradiation time on the photocatalyst method, and the characteristics of kaolin-TiO2 composite catalysts. The electrocoagulation method uses aluminum electrodes with voltage variations of 10, 20, and 30 V, as well as contact times variations of 90 and 120 minutes. The photocatalyst method uses kaolin-TiO2 composite and UV-C lamp photon sources, with dose of kaolin-TiO2 variations of 120, 180, and 240 mg/L, as well as irradiation times variations of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The kaolin-TiO2 composite is characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The results showed that the maximum efficiency of phosphate removal in electrocoagulation was obtained at a voltage of 30 V and a contact time of 120 minutes with a value of 87.31%. The maximum value of photocatalyst phosphate removal occurred at a catalyst dose of 240 mg/L with a reaction time of 30 minutes with a value of 63.33%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11047
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11047
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGADUK MEKANIS DI INDUSTRI KECIPUT
S, FS Nugraheni; Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Achmad, Laila Faizah; Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Handayani, Dwi; Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11047
en
Abstract Jenang is unique snack from kudus regency and used as kudus icon which was produced from several small industry,middle industry and big industry that has flexible texture,sweet and long lifetime (approximately 6 month). There are so many obstacles which is faced by small industry with traditional mixer that jenang quality is not too good. The characteristics are inflexible texture,flour flavor in jenang taste and also short lifetime (only 1 month). It is because of each cooking process need 6 – 7 hours and temperature 600 – 700C in the jenang produstion process, so the quality is low. In training and consulting about jenang cooking process explain that to produce better quality of jenang it need cooking period only 4 – 5 hours and temperature 1000 – 1100C. The characteristics of jenang that was produced are more flexible,no flour flavor and long lifetime (in 1 month these product still can be consumed) This training and consulting the industry responses are very good.they also hoped that there will be a follow –up especially in mechanical instrumentation grant for producing jenang. Because small industry still use manual instrumentation in jenang production Keyword : jenang, flexibility,loose of flour flavor Abstrak Jenang merupakan makanan camilan yang khas dari Kudus dan sebagai ikon Kudus yang diproduksi dari berbagai industri kecil,menengah dan besar dengan rasa gurih,lentur,manis dan legit serta mempunyai umur simpan selama 6 bulan. Banyak kendala yang dialami industri kecil dengan alat pengaduk tradisional dimana kualitas jenang kurang baik,diantaranya kurang lentur,rasa tepungnya masih ada dan tidak awet (hanya 1 bulan) karena dalam memproduksi setiap masak membutuhkan waktu 6 – 7 jam dan suhu 600 - 700C hal ini yang menyebakan kualitas kurang memenuhi syarat. Adanya pelatihan dan konsultasi tentang kinerja alat pengaduk mekanis pada proses pemasakan jenang dijelaskan bahwa untuk waktu pemasakan hanya 4 – 5 jam dan suhu 1000 – 1100C menghasilkan jenang kualitas baik yaitu lebih lentur,rasa tepung hilang dan selama 1 bulan ini jenang belum mengeras (masih awet) Pelatihan dan konsultasi ini dilaksanakan sangat diterima para pengrajin dan diharapkan ada tindak lanjut khususnya bantuan alat mekanis pembuatan jenang mengingat pengrajin kecil ini dalam memproduksi jenang masih secara manual Kata kunci : jenang, kelenturan, rasa tepung hilang
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14748
2021-01-15T06:11:44Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14748
2021-01-15T06:11:44Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
Cover
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNDIP
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14748
Cover
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1670
2021-01-15T06:20:10Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1670
2021-01-15T06:20:10Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
DAFTAR ISI
Kusumayanti, Heny
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1670
en
DAFTAR ISI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9749
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9749
2019-03-15T16:26:46Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016; 50-58
Pengaruh Kondisi Operasi Ekstraksi Reaktif Gelombang Mikro Untuk Produksi Biodisel Dari Biji Kemiri Sunan Secara In Situ
Yulianto, Mohamad Endy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia Program Diploma, Universitas Diponegoro
Firyanto, Rudi; Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang
Mulyaningsih, M.F. Sri; Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang
Handayani, Sri Utami; Jurusan Teknik Mesin Program Diploma, Universitas Diponegoro
Amalia, Rizka; Jurusan Teknik Batik Program Diploma, Politeknik Pusmanu Pekalongan
2018-02-14 15:23:20
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9749
sunan seed; reactive extraction; microwave; oil; biodiesel; biji kemiri sunan; ekstraksi reaktif; gelombang mikro; minyak; biodisel
en
Krisis energi berbasis bahan bakar fosil telah menjadi masalah global karena ketersediaannya sangat terbatas. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencari bahan bakar alternatif yang memiliki sifat dapat diperbaharui dan ramah lingkungan, diantaranya dengan penggunaan biofuel biodisel. Tujuan riset adalah mempelajari pengaruh variable proses ekstraksi reaktif gelombang mikro untuk produksi biodisel dari biji kemiri sunan. Kebaruan dan inovasi utama dari skema proses yang dikembangkan adalah pengambilan minyak kemiri sunan dan reaksi transesterifikasi terjadi pada satu tahap. Pengukuran data dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioenergi Teknik Kimia Sekolah Vokasi UNDIP dan Laboratorium Teknik Separasi Teknik Kimia UNTAG dan selama 4 bulan. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan antara lain: (i) desain dan pabrikasi alat ekstraktor reaktif gelombang mikro kapasitas 5 liter/hari, dan (ii) studi pengaruh variabel proses ekstraksi reaktif untuk produksi biodisel. Variabel proses dalam ekstraksi dan metanolisis minyak kemiri sunan sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan produktifitas dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu: variabel tetap dan variabel berubah. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan dengan berat biji kemiri sunan sebesar 250 gr dan dan dihaluskan. Variabel berubah menggunakan parameter suhu ekstraksi reaktif 50, 55, 60, dan 65 oC, dan perbandingan umpan metanol:biji kemiri sunan pada rasio 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, dan 2:1. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa alat ekstraktor reaktif gelombang mikro untuk produksi biodisel dari biji kemeri sunan telah dipabrikasi secara baik. Semakin besar rasio metanol-biji kemiri sunan, konversi minyak kemiri sunan menjadi metil ester semakin meningkat. Peningkatan perolehan metil ester juga juga semakin besar seiring meningkatnya temperatur operasi ekstraksi reaktif. Effect of Micro-Reactive Reactive Extraction Operation Condition For Biodisel Production Of Sunan Kemiri Seed In SituThe energy crisis based on fossil fuel has become a global problem because of its limited availability. Various attempts have been done to find another alternative fuels which have renewable characteristic and environmentally friendly, by using biofuel biodiesel. The aim of this research is to study the effect of process variable microwave reactive extraction to produce biodiesel from the “Sunan” seeds of candlenut. The main novelty and innovation of the developed process was extraction of Sunan candlenut oil and transesterification reaction occurs at one stage. Measurement was carried out in the Bioenergy Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Vocational School UNDIP and Separation Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Engineering UNTAG for 4 months. Activities carried out include: (i) designing and manufacturing reactive extractor microwave with capacity 5 liters / day, and (ii) study of the effect of reactive extraction process variable for biodiesel production. Process variables of extraction and methanolyisis from Sunan candlenut oil as an effort to increase productivity were divided into two types: independent and dependent variable. Research has been conducted by grinding Sunan seed weight of 250 grams. Variable changed using parameter of reactive extraction temperature 50, 55, 60, and 65 ° C, and the ratio of methanol feed: Sunan seeds at 5: 1, 4: 1, 3: 1 and 2: 1. The results show that the reactive extractor microwaves produce biodiesel from the Sunan seeds has been fabricated as well. The greater the ratio of methanol- Sunan seed, the bigger of Sunan oil conversion to methyl ester. Increasing methyl ester also getting bigger with increasing operating temperature of reactive extraction.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1805
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1805
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
EKSTRAKSI EUGENOL DARI MINYAK DAUN CENGKEH DENGAN PELARUT NaOH DAN n-HEKSAN
Arifan, Fahmi; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro
Yulianto, Mohamad Endy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1805
en
Abstract Clove oil represent other side result from clove plantation. Clove leaf oil used permanent upon which to make isolateband derivative in many industry. In this research analyse concentration influence and ratio of solvent – bait to yielded product rendemen. In a proses insulation of eugenol used process high rise liquid extraction. As a raw material is leaf clove oil, NaOH and n-heksan used as a solvent. In extraction with NaOH will be yielded Na eugenolat, so that have be eliminated the content of Natrium by using HCl 2 N. Later then its result be reextracted by using n-hexan. So that obtained pure eugenol and with randemen which is more. Ever greater of used solvent volume and concentration, hence eugenol which is extract will progressively mount. Key Word : eugenol, extraction
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1903
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1903
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
REKAYASA BIOKONVERSI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PANGAN MENJADI PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LUMPUR AKTIF
Wikanta, Deddy Kurniawan; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH. Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Yulianto, Mohamad Endy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH. Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Arifan, Fahmi; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH. Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1903
en
Abstract Plastics waste has a negative effect on our environment. one effort to solve a problem exerted in plastic waste is by making a degradable plastic material. Polihidroksialkanoat (PHA) is one of biodegradable plastic material which is include in the polyester group. PHA can be completely degraded and has similar properties. with conventional plastic. The usage of liquid food industry waste is a good alternative for the production of PHA, since liquid waste of food industry comprise of organics substance such as C, H, O, N and S. The production of Polihidroksialkanoat (PHA) from liquid waste of flour industry, wasconducted in a of sequencing batch reactor (SBR).The objectives of this research are to study the effect of batch time in one cycle of sequencing batch reactor(SBR), to compare between short and ordinary cycle in SBR system to PHA accumulation and kind of PHA, to study optimum condition of producing PHA. The first experimen was done In time of less than 12 hours by using filling time variable and ratio of duration of Aerob and anaerob process. The constand conditions were ambient temperature and neutral pH (at the begining). The results shows that at running with time ratio of aerob:anaerob was 6:3 hours and a same duration of feeding, the highest average PHA content was got at the run when filling step is in six hours anaerob with aerob breaking time. The feeding duration also influence the PHA formation. the short feeding duration yielded the highest average PHA content. An average PHA 0.1838 g/gsel was yielded at two hours feeding duration Key Words :biodegradable:plastic:waste
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/22965
2020-04-17T20:21:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/22965
2020-04-17T20:21:45Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019; 1-8
Penentuan Proses Pretreatment untuk Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Singkong sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol melalui Hidrolisa Enzimatis menggunakan Aspergillus spp.
Ariyanti, Dessy; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Purbasari, Aprilina; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Kusumayanti, Heny; Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Handayani, Noer Abyor; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
2019-06-18 07:05:29
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/22965
H2SO4; hidrolisa enzimatis; kulit singkong; organosolv; pre-treatment asam
id
Ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil ini menjadi masalah besar yang sangat mendesak untuk segera diselesaikan. Salah satu langkah solusi yang bisa dilakukan adalah memanfatkan bioetanol lignoselulosa dari limbah kulit singkong sebagai alternatif pengganti. Permasalahan utama yang menghambat penggunaan kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan bioetanol adalah belum adanya proses pretreatment dan hidrolisa yang terbukti efektif secara teknis maupun ekonomis untuk mengkonversi lignoselulosa yang terkandung dalam kulit singkong menjadi bentuk gula sederhana. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui efektifitas proses pretreatment dan hidrolisa untuk mengkonversi lignoselulosa yang terkandung dalam kulit singkong menjadi bentuk gula sederhana. Metode pretreatment asam (H2SO4) dan organosolv (Etanol + CH3COONa) terbukti dapat meningkatkan yield gula tereduksi hingga 50% dibandingkan dengan proses hidrolisa tanpa pretreatment. Yield hingga 78% dapat diperoleh pada proses pretreatment asam suhu 30oC, waktu 30 menit yang dilanjutkan dengan hidrolisa enzimatik dengan Aspergillus niger selama 48 jam. Peningkatan yield pada proses pretreatment organosolv (optimum 74% pada suhu 30oC, waktu 90 menit) masih dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan waktu operasi dan meningkatkan suhu operasi. Namun peningkatan suhu maupun penambahan waktu operasi berpengaruh terhadap analisa teknis dan ekonomis dari proses. Secara teknis, pretreatment organosolv lebih mudah dilakukan terutama pada proses dengan kondisi operasi atmosferik dibandingkan dengan pretreatment asam karena sifat bahan kimia yang digunakan dan penanganannya. Secara ekonomis, pretreatment asam lebih baik untuk diaplikasikan dibandingkan pretreatment organosolv, hal ini dikarenakan yield yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi pada kondisi proses atmosferik. Lignocellulose material derived from cassava peel can be utilized as raw material for bioethanol production. The utilization of this material can be part of solution in order to maintain Indonesia’s energy security which still majority covered by the fossil fuel. The main problem of lignocellulose conversion into bioethanol is their crystalline structures those make them really difficult to be converted into monomeric sugar prior fermentation to produce ethanol. The objective of this research is to find out the effectiveness of pre-treatment process prior enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose contained on cassava peel. The result shows pre-treatment methods both acid (H2SO4) and organosolv (Etanol + CH3COONa) proved to be effective in order to increase the yield of total reducing sugar (TRS) until 50% after enzymatic hydrolysis compared to the sample without pre-treatment. Highest yield 78% can be achieved by applying acid pre-treatment under temperature 30oC and 30 minutes of process prior enzymatic hydrolysis by Aspergillus niger under temperature 35oC for 48 hours. Further optimization in organosolv pre-treatment can be conducted by increasing the temperature and prolong the process into certain extent. It should be noted that the above action could influence the feasibility of the organosolv pre-treatment technically and economically. From technical point of view, organosolv pre-treatment can be more feasible compared to acid pre-treatment (under atmospheric condition) as the reagents are easy to handle in terms of safety consideration. However, from economic side acid pre-treatment is more preferable as higher yield of the process and lower volume of chemical can be used in order to achieve the same amount of product.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4026
2021-01-15T06:18:25Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4026
2021-01-15T06:18:25Z
METANA
Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Pengantar Redaksi
kusumayanti, heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP
2011-07-05 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4026
en
Pengantar Redaksi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/30417
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/30417
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020; 33-38
Chemical Structure of Mangrove Species Rhizophora stylosa as Natural Dyes
Paryanto, Paryanto; Universitas Sebelas Maret
Pranolo, Sunu Herwi; Universitas Sebelas Maret
Susanti, Ari Diana; Universitas Sebelas Maret
Dewi, Kristina Ratna; Universitas Sebelas Maret
Rossari, Meydiana; Universitas Sebelas Maret
2020-06-07 15:57:45
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/30417
;natural dyes; tannin, mangrove; Rhizophora stylosa; chemical structure
en
Textile dyes are divided into two types, natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Natural dyes commonly made from extraction. Extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated selectively from a liquid or solid mixture, the feed, by means of a liquid immiscible solvent. Extraction can be classified into two group, liquid extraction and solid-liquid extraction. Solvents that are usually used in the extraction of natural dyes are aquades and ethanol. The purpose of this research was to determine the chemical structure, especially tannin in natural dyes from mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa through several samples testing natural dyes. Rhizophora stylosa that have been extracted and evaporated will conducted several tests to obtain chemical structures in natural dyes and yield of tannin in natural dyes. Tests carried out include testing FT-IR, and HPLC. Based on FT-IR analysis, the extraction of Rhizophora stylosa containing tannin indicated by the presence of hydroxyl (O-H) in the area of 3385.36 cm-1, aromatic (C-H) in the area of 1365.53 cm-1, carbonyl (C=O) in the area 1646.36 cm-1, esters (C-O) in the area 1217.30 cm-1. While tannin content obtained from the analysis of HPLC were 6.087 ppm.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6810
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6810
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
OPTIMASI PRODUKSI PROTEIN SEL TUNGGAL DARI BAGASE TERHIDROLISA DENGAN FERMENTASI OLEH SACCAROMYCES CEREVICEAE
Pudjihastuti, Isti; PSD 3 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Jln Prof Sudarto, SH Pedalangan Tembalang Semarang
S, Margaretha T; PSD 3 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Jln Prof Sudarto, SH Pedalangan Tembalang Semarang
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; PSD 3 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Jln Prof Sudarto, SH Pedalangan Tembalang Semarang
Supriyo, Edy; PSD 3 Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Jln Prof Sudarto, SH Pedalangan Tembalang Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6810
en
The Came pulp (bagase) were main contained cellulose, through process delignification and hidrolized can be used to growting sacaromyces cereviceae yeast as fermented media, so can produced biomass microbial as known as single cell protein (SCP).Design experiment was random block with treatment nutrient added as long as fermented process. The measured parameter were protein contained in microbial biomass with Kehjdahl method. Optimum result were formed to 8 days fermentation and nutrient added (NH4)2SO4:1 gr,MgSO47H2O : 0,5 gr, molase (tetes) 20% : 2 ml to media 50 gr. Key word: bagase, Saccaromyces Cereviceae,SCP
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/40677
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/40677
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021; 41-48
Jenis dan Teknik Pengemasan Terhadap Kualitas Bakso Aci dengan Penyimpanan Suhu Dingin
Silvia, Deli; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan,
Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
Dewi, Adinda Prila; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan,
Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain; Program Studi Teknologi Industri Cetak Kemasan, Jurusan Teknik Grafika dan Penerbitan,
Politeknik Negeri Jakarta
2021-11-24 14:51:57
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/40677
kemasan; vakum; non-vakum; polietilen; nilon; organoleptik
id
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh jenis material kemasan vakum dan non-vakum terhadap kualitas kadar air, dan organoleptik bakso aci pada penyimpanan suhu dingin. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemasan bakso aci dengan penggunaan plastik Polietilen (PE) dan plastik nilon yang dikemas melalui teknik pengemasan vakum dan non-vakum pada penyimpanan suhu dingin. Serta untuk mendapatkan jenis kemasan yang tepat dalam penggunaannya terhadap kualitas bakso aci. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji kadar air dan uji organoleptik. Metode analisa statistik yang digunakan berupa Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik dan tidak terjadi kesalahan yang signifikan. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan RAL dengan 4 perlakuan dan 2 kali pengulangan. Pengolahan data yang dilakukan dengan software SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) menggunakan metode ANOVA ( Analysis of Variance) dan uji lanjut Duncan untuk Uji kadar air dan menggunakan Kruskall Walls dan uji lanjut dengan Mann- Whitney untuk uji organoleptik terhadap kenampakan, aroma dan tekstur. Pengujian organoleptik mengikuti standar SNI untuk Bakso dengan 10 orang panelis tak terlatih. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa kadar air terendah yaitu dengan penggunaan kemasan polietilen (PE) teknik pengemasan Vakum dengan nilai 2,35. Hasil untuk pengujian Organoleptik, yang dapat disimpulkan dari segi kenampakan, aroma dan tekstur perlakuan yang terbaik adalah dengan penggunaan jenis kemasan polietilen, dengan teknik pengemasan vakum dan jenis kemasan nilon dengan teknik pengemasan vakum yang mampu meyimpan dengan baik hingga hari ke-8. Research has been carried out on the effect of vacuum and non-vacuum packaging materials on the quality of water content and organoleptic properties of tapioca meatballs in cold storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of meatball tapioca packaging with the use of polyethylene (PE) plastic and Nilon plastic packaged through vacuum and non-vacuum packaging in cold storage. As well as to get the right type of packaging in its use on the quality of tapioca meatballs. The tests carried out included water content tests and organoleptic tests. The statistical analysis method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) to get better results and there were no significant errors. The study was conducted using RAL with 4 treatments and 2 treatments. Data processing was carried out using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method and Duncan's further test for moisture content testing and using Kruskall Walls and further testing with Mann-Whitney for organoleptic tests on appearance, aroma and texture. The organoleptic followed the SNI standard for Meatballs with 10 panelists not being tested. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the lowest water content was the use of polyethylene (PE) packaging with a vacuum packaging technique with a value of 2.35. The results for organoleptic testing, which can be guaranteed in terms of appearance, smell and treatment are the best by using polyethylene packaging, with packaging techniques and Nilon packaging types with vacuum packaging techniques which are able to store well until the 8th day.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7611
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7611
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
RANCANG BANGUN DIGESTER SEMI KONTINYU PADA PRODUKSI BIOGAS DAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK
Ikhsan, Diyono; Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Handayani, Dwi; Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Murni, Murni; Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7611
en
Abstract Production of biogas and organic fertilizer from organic waste is done by creating a semi-continuous digester design is a flat pipe and operate continuously or bait can be inserted periodically every day, and its products can be taken periodically at any time. At the optimum residence time can be designed digester volume corresponding to a certain capacity, the variation ratio of the length and diameter of the pipe, whichever is best for optimum biogas production. Outcomes of the research is a prototype digester flat pipes that can operate semi-continuous along with its performance test. Design semi-continuous digester using pralon pipe diameter of 6 in, with the length of each digester m A = 2, B = 4 m, and C = 6 m, equipped hopper for feeding suspension, bulkhead divider so that biogas does not leak, and the stirrer tank float models. The results showed that the biogas production on day 7 to day 30, there was an increase biogas production sharply, after it approaching constant and up to 60 days tended to decline. In the longer digester (B and C) there are fluctuations in the production of biogas. From the graph the relationship between the capacity of the biogas production time from day 1 to day 60 following polynomial equation with a similar pattern, for the digester with the equation y = A + 2,287x -0,026x2 - 8.577 (R¬2 = 0.966); digester B with the equation y = -0,026x2 2,297x + - 8.683 (R 2 = 0.963); and digester C with equation y = -0,025x2 2,232x + - 8.886 (R 2 = 0.962). Mud coming out at the end of the digester after 30 days was collected and dried as organic fertilizer. Results of laboratory analysis, showed the water content 10.72%, 44.05% organic C content, C / N Ratio 25.70, total P2O5 content of 0.67% and 7.71% N levels. This suggests that these parameters meet the quality standards of organic fertilizers except C / N Ratio greater. But this is not a problem because the levels of organic C and N levels separately meet quality standards. Keywords: digester, biogas, organic fertilizer
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/45103
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/45103
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 71-76
Rancang Bangun Alat Pengolahan Santan Kelapa Menjadi Virgin Coconut Oil
Idris, Mahmud; Program Studi Teknik Elektronika, Politeknik Jambi
Armi, Puspita Ayu; Program Studi Teknik Elektronika, Politeknik Jambi
2022-06-17 03:08:48
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/45103
Mesin Pengolahan; Santan Kelapa; VCO; Virgin Coconut Oil
id
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) merupakan produk olahan dari daging kelapa yang berupa cairan berwarna jernih, tidak berasa, dengan bau khas kelapa, VCO di dapat dari proses pengolahan santan kelapa dengan beberapa metode yaitu: metode pemanasan bertahap, metode pemancingan minyak dan metode fermentasi. Metode yang umum digunakan untuk mendapatkan produk VCO adalah dengan metode pemanasan bertahap. Dalam proses pemanasan bertahap membutuhkan alat pemanas yang terkontrol dan stabil untuk menghasilkan VCO yang berkualitas, dalam proses pengolahan di butuhkan pengontrolan yang tepat dalam metode pemanasan bertahap. Alat pemanasan bertahap ini dirancang untuk mengefisienkan proses pengolahan yang di kontrol dengan sistem kelistrikan. Alat pengolahan VCO ini di rancang bekerja secara otomatis dan dengan kecepatan yang konstan, alat pengolahan VCO di rancang menggunakan motor listrik ac 1 fasa dengan kecepatan motor 2800 rpm dan daya 125 watt dan menggunakan tegangan 220v sebagai penggerak utama dan menggunakan gearbox dengan rasio 1:50 untuk mengubah torsi atau kecepatan motor melalui penambahan mekanik gears untuk menambah torsi dan mengurangi kecepatan dan menggunakan sistem tungku untuk pemanasan santan. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a processed product from coconut meat in the form of a clear liquid, tasteless, with a distinctive coconut odor. VCO is obtained from the coconut milk processing process with several methods, namely: the gradual heating method, the oil fishing method and the fermentation method. The method commonly used to obtain VCO products is the gradual heating method. In the gradual heating process requires a controlled and stable heating device to produce quality VCO, in the processing process requires proper control in the gradual heating method. This gradual heating device is designed to streamline the processing process which is controlled by the electrical system. This VCO processing tool is designed to work automatically and with a constant speed, the VCO processing tool is designed to use a singlephase ac electric motor with a motor speed of 2800 rpm and a power of 125 watts and uses a voltage of 220v as the main mover and uses a gearbox with a ratio of 1:50 to change the torque or speed of the motor through the addition of mechanical gears to increase torque and reduce speed and use a furnace system for heating coconut milk.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9779
2021-01-15T06:11:07Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9779
2021-01-15T06:11:07Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014
Pedoman Penulisan
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III Teknik Kimia fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9779
en
Pedoman Penulisan
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12581
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12581
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
INVERTER FREKUENSI TINGGI SEBAGAI PEMANAS PIRINGAN LOGAM DENGAN METODE INDUKSI PADA APLIKASI PEMANAS ROTI
Alem, Rio Dery; PSD III Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro- Semarang
Enny, Enny; PSD III Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro- Semarang
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12581
Abstrak Kegiatan rumah tangga di Indonesia seringkali melakukan kegiatan masak-memasak, baik untuk membuat makanan atau hanya sekedar memanaskan, oleh karena itu diperlukan teknologi yang praktis, murah dan aman. Untuk membuat sebuah alat yang mampu meringankan proses pemanasan makanan, metode induksi dapat digunakan sebagai pemanas piringan logam untuk meningkatkan keamanan dalam proses tersebut. Pemanas induksi ini dipilih karena tidak menimbulkan api, dan antara alat pemanas dan obyek yang dipanasi tak terjadi kontak fisik sehingga aman. Untuk membuat pemanas induksi dibutuhkan modul inverter frekuensi tinggi dengan arus yang besar. Dari sumber tegangan AC 1 fasa 220 volt yang di step down menjadi 12 V dan disearahkan menggunakan penyearah jembatan penuh, kemudian inverter akan mengkonversi besaran listrik DC menjadi besaran listrik AC dengan frekuensi yang tinggi. Pada dasarnya frekuensi dapat di atur dengan menggunakan rangakaian driver. Rangakaian driver memiliki fungsi untuk memicu gate MOSFET IRFP 260. Pada inverter ini keluaran inverter berupa tegangan AC dengan frekuensi mencapai 71,4 kHz. Keluaran inverter tersebut dilewatkan pada sebuah kumparan penginduksi yang akan digunakan sebagai pemanas piringan logam. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan modul inverter yang dibuat memiliki frekuensi sebesar 71,4 kHz, dapat menghasilkan panas diatas 80 derajat celcius, diharapkan dengan tingginya daya yang digunakan untuk menginduksi beban, suhu pada beban akan cepat meningkat. Keyword : pemanas induksi, mosfet,arus eddy, frekuensi, inverter,driver. Abstract Household activities in Indonesia are often doing the cooking, either to make a meal or just heat up, therefore the necessary technology is practical, cheap and safe. To create a tool capable of easing the process of heating food, it can be used as a method of induction heating metal disks to improve security in the process. Induction heating is selected because it does not cause a fire, and between the heater and heated object is not in physical contact so safe. To make the required induction heating high-frequency inverter module with a large current. From the first phase AC voltage source 220 volts in step-down to 12 V and rectified using full bridge rectifier, then inverter will convert the DC power into a massive amount of AC power with a high frequency. Basically, the frequency can be set by using the driver circuit. Rangakaian driver has a function to trigger the MOSFET gate IRFP 260. In this inverter, inverter output in the form of AC voltage with a frequency of 71.4 kHz achieve. The inverter output is passed in a coil inducer to be used as heating metal plate. The measurement results show inverter modules are made to have a frequency of 71.4 kHz, can generate heat above 80 degrees Celsius, is expected by the high frequency used to induce the load, the temperature of the load will quickly increase. Keyword: induction heating, mosfet, eddy current, frequency, inverter, driver.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/56873
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/56873
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023; 79-90
Analysis of Decision Making on Wastewater Use Technology in the Universitas Pertamina Area
Khansa, Pavita; Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina
Sofiyah, Evi Siti; Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina
Suryawan, I Wayan Koko; Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina
2023-12-21 15:56:16
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/56873
wastewater; reuse; treatment; sewerage; AHP
en
Wastewater available through the sewerage system can be reused as a daily need. With a sewer system, the Universitas Pertamina Area can utilize water according to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 Class 4. Reuse of wastewater within this scope can improve sustainable development goals. This study aims to analyze the decision-making of sewerage water treatment so that it can be reused according to the class 4 quality standard. The first alternative consists of a collection tank, bar screen, pre-sedimentation, rapid sand filter (RSF), and disinfection. The second alternative consists of a collection tank, bar screen, horizontal roughing filter (HRF), RSF, and disinfection. The two alternatives provided have met the required quality standards. However, the area of land required in alternative one is too large compared to the second alternative. This causes the second alternative to be more appropriate to be applied in the Universitas Pertamina Area. Analysis of decision-making on the use of RSF media is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The alternative media for RSF are sand, granular active carbon (GAC), and zeolite. The criteria for BOD removal, total coliform removal, cost, headloss, and replacement period of the most appropriate zeolite media for use in the RSF unit process.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1659
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1659
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
ASIDOLISIS ENZIMATIS MINYAK SAWIT MERAH DAN MIINYAK IKAN TUNA DENGAN BIOKATALIS LIPASE PADI MENGHASILKAN ASAM LEMAK KAYA OMEGA -3
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; PSD III Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Susanti, Margaretha Tuti; PSD III Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Yulianto, Moh Endy; PSD III Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2021-11-11 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1659
en
Abstract Red palm oil is source of p carotene and vitamin E, while Tuna fish is source of omega-3 and 6. Diversification of palm oil and tuna fish oil can be used as food supplement. The utilization of high concentration of minor vitamin is one of strategy to increase the additional value of both oil and also to provide minor vitamin from local product in order to increase the healthy of the society. There was some research conducted on micro encapsulation process of red palm oil which is rich of P carotene, provitamin A, and provitamin E. And there was also research subjected to microencapsulated fish oil which is rich of omega-3. In this research we combined the microencapsutaion of both red palm oil and tuna fish oil through enzymatic cytolysis process. From the cytolysis process, we will got type of fatty acid which is rich of omega 3 and P carotene . The objective of the research were to study the activity of rice bran lipase as biocatalisator in the conversion of palm oil fatty acid into fatty acid which is rich of omega-3, and to develop the bioreactor for the enzymatic cytolysis for fatty acid production. The research result showed that optimum condition for the cytolysis process was the ratio of red palm oil tuna fish oil 3:1, temperature 40oC; reaction time 4 hours, where the yield of fatty acid has EPA and DHA concentration 35,92% and 5,65%, respectively. While the rate of the reaction was 619,67 mol/hour. Red palm oil is an alternative source of fatty acid which is rich of omega 3 (EPA and DHA), and it can be produced by enzymatic cytolysis by using rice bran lipase. Lipase enzyme of R Meithei found to be a good biocatalyst in the red palm oil and tuna fish incorporation process of the fatty acid which is rich of omega-3. Key words: citolysis, red palm oil, tuna fish oil
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/17511
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17511
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016; 17-25
Pengaruh Temperatur, Kecepatan Putar Ulir Dan Waktu Pemanasan Awal Terhadap Perolehan Minyak Kemiri Dari Biji Kemiri Dengan Metode Penekanan Mekanis (Screw Press)
Chynintya R.P., Galuh; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Paramita, S.T., M.M., M.Eng, Vita
2018-02-03 14:18:12
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17511
candlenut; candlenut oil; screw press; heating temperature; kemiri; minyak kemiri; screw press; suhu pemanasan
en
Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) adalah tumbuhan yang bijinya dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber minyak dan rempah-rempah. Biji yang terdapat di dalamnya memiliki lapisan pelindung yang sangat keras dan mengandung minyak yang cukup banyak yaitu 63 gram per 100 gram biji kemiri. Minyak kemiri termasuk kelompok minyak mengering (drying oil). Lemak dan minyak dapat diperoleh dari ekstraksi jaringan hewan atau tanaman dengan tiga cara, yaitu rendering, pengepresan (pressing), atau dengan pelarut. Dua cara yang umum dalam pengepresan mekanis yaitu pengepresan hidrolik (hydraulic pressing) dan pengepresan berulir (screw pressing). Cara screw pressing memerlukan perlakuan pendahuluan yang terdiri dari proses pemasakan atau tempering. Objek dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperlajari pengaruh temperatur, kecepatan putar ulir dan waktu pemanasan awal terhadap rendemen minyak kemiri. Biji kemiri dipanaskan pada suhu 60, 70 dan 80ºC dengan variabel waktu (60 dan 90 menit). Biji kemiri tersebut dipres dengan variabel suhu (60, 70 dan 80ºC) dan kecepatan putar ulir (170 dan 220 rpm). Kemudian dilakukan pemisahan antara ampas dan minyak dengan menggunakan sentrifuge. Analisa yang akan dilakukan terhadap produk adalah rendemen, densitas, viskositas, bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan dan uji organoleptik. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, minyak yang memiliki warna dan kekeruhan yang paling baik serta nilai bilangan asam dan bilangan penyabunan sesuai dengan syarat baku mutu adalah minyak dengan perlakuan suhu 60ºC, waktu pemanasan awal 60, dan kecepatan 170 rpm. Nilai bilangan asam pada perlakuan ini sebesar 6,91 mg KOH/gr minyak dan nilai bilangan penyabunan sebesar 184,45 mg KOH/gr minyak. Namun perolehan yieldnya rendah yaitu sebesar 10,74 %. Effect of Temperature, Thin Turning And Warming Up Time Of Oil Acquired Candlenut From Mechanized Pressure (Screw Press)Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) is a plant whose seeds are used as a source of oil and spices. The seeds have a very hard protective layer and contain a considerable amount of oil that is 63 grams per 100 grams of candlenut. The candlenut oil belongs to the drying oil group (oil draining). Fats and oils can be obtained from the extraction of animal or plant tissue in three ways, namely rendering, pressing, or with solvent. Two common ways of mechanical pressing are hydraulic pressing and screw pressing. The screw pressing requires preliminary treatment consisting of cooking or tempering process. The object of this research is to study the effect of temperature, rotary velocity and initial heating time to the yield of candlenut oil. The candlenut seeds were heated at 60, 70 and 80ºC with variable time (60 and 90 minutes). The seeds were pressed with temperature variables (60, 70 and 80ºC) and screw rotation speed variables (170 and 220 rpm). The separation between the waste and oil were using centrifugal. The analysis on the product were including the rendement, density, viscosity, acid number and saponification. The most similar to the required quality standar of candlenut oil which is including color, turbidity, the value of acid and saponification number were found to the oil heated at 60ºC with initial heating time of 60, and screw rotation speed of 170 rpm. The value of acid number and saponification number of this treatment were 6.91 mg KOH / g of oil and 184.45 mg KOH / g of oil, respectively. However, the yield obtained was low at 10.74%
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1796
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1796
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
PENCEGAHAN BANJIR, DAN PENURUNAN MUKA AIR TANAH DENGAN SUMUR RESAPAN
Setiabudi, Bambang; Jurusan Teknik Sipil PSD III Teknik UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1796
en
Abstract Bambang Setiabudi, in paper floods and to discharge of ground water many created in much housing district. That case to appoint often to created every year at rainy season and dry season Expedient to doing is by absorbtion well. Absorbtion ,well is water conservation technology to resemble well with to be certain depth for to catch of water.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18198
2021-01-15T06:13:00Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18198
2021-01-15T06:13:00Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Cover
Metana, Editor
2016-12-04 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18198
en
Cover Desember 2016
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/20333
2020-04-17T20:21:19Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20333
2020-04-17T20:21:19Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018; 37-42
Uji Karakteristik Biodiesel Berbahan Dasar Limbah Jeroan Ikan Diproses Menggunakan Mikrogelombang
Purwaningrum, Shintawati Dyah; Universitas Pandanaran
Sukaryo, Sukaryo; Universitas Pandanaran
2018-12-10 07:22:52
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20333
limbah; jeroan ikan; mikrogelombang; biodiesel
Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang terbuat dari minyak tumbuhan maupun lemak hewan, pengganti bahan bakar untuk mesin diesel. Salah satu pengembangan biodiesel yang dilakukan adalah produksi biodiesel dari limbah jeroan ikan yang diproses menggunakan mikrogelombang (microwave). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik biodiesel yang diperoleh dari metode proses mikrogelombang (microwave) berbahan dasar limbah jeroan ikan dan kemudian dibandingkan dengan biodiesel Standar Nasional Indonesia. Manfaat peneltian selain untuk memperoleh biodiesel juga mengetahui karakteristik fisika dan kimia biodiesel berbahan limbah jeroan ikan dan mengurangi limbah jeroan ikan hasil olahan pedagang ikan di pasar. Biodiesel berbahan limbah jeroan ikan diproduksi menggunakan mikrogelombang microwave dengan penambahan katalis KOH. Proses produksi diawali dengan proses esterifikasi dan dilanjutkan proses transesterifikasi dilakukan di dalam microwave yang sudah dimodifikasi. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan kemudian diuji karakteristiknya berdasarkan densitas, viskositas, kandungan air, angka asam dan angka setana. Kandungan biodiesel diidentifikasi menggunakan analisa GCMS.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/3854
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3854
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
PENGEMBANGAN PROSES ENZIMATIS GELOMBANG MIKRO UNTUK PRODUKSI ASAM LEMAK DARI BUAH SAWIT SECARA IN SITU
Yulianto, Mohammad Endy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Abidin, Zainal; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
S, FS Nugraheni; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Paramita, Vita; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3854
en
Abstract Vegetable oil is one of plantation commodity and used as food source and oleochemical. One of the connection between vegetable industry and oleochemical industry is the conversion of vegetable oil into fatty acid. Indonesia is one of major producer of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) and Cocos Nucifera Oil (CNO), but Indonesia is also import fatty acid in the application of paint, plastics, cosmetics, detergent and soap industry. These facts show a pityfull condition of vegetable oil industry. Therefore, it is neccesary to take an effort in order to fulfill our domestic demand of fatty acid. Up to now, the fatty acid is produce by converting CPO into fatty acid, which provide high cost production due to the expensive process of CPO production. An alternative process was proposed by cutting the two stages of fatty acid production into one stage. This stage covered the direct enzymatics production of fatty acid from fresh fruit of palm oil. The lipase of palm oil is inactivated in a microwave based-enzymatics hydrolysis bioeractor. The research objectives was developing the fatty acid production through microwave biochemical process by activate the lipase enzyme of the fresh fruit of palm oil. The parameters examined were including pH, ratio of water-fruit, and the milling of the palm oil as time function. The lipase activity as a result of microwave tunning up process was increasing along with the increasing of the reaction temperature. Without the addition of buffer, the acidity of the system decreased along with the production of fatty acid. Along with the increasing of the water concentration, the fatty acid produced was also increased. Key Words: fatty acid, lipase, microwave
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/25794
2020-04-28T18:53:52Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/25794
2020-04-28T18:53:52Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019; 65-70
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Komposit dari Styrofoam Bekas dan Serat Ijuk Aren
Purbasari, Aprilina; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Darmaji, Timothius Adrian Christantyo; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Sary, Cindy Nella; Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Kusumayanti, Heny; Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2019-11-27 21:28:31
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/25794
komposit; serbuk ijuk aren; styrofoam bekas
id
Komposit merupakan gabungan dari dua atau lebih bahan yang menghasilkan efek sinergis. Komposit dapat dibuat dari polimer sebagai matriks dan serat alam sebagai bahan penguat. Pada penelitian ini komposit dibuat dari styrofoam bekas dan serat ijuk aren. Styrofoam merupakan salah satu jenis polimer yang sulit terdegradasi secara alami, sedangkan serat ijuk aren merupakan serat alam yang mudah diperoleh di Indonesia. Pembuatan komposit dilakukan dengan alat hot press pada berbagai perbandingan massa styrofoam dan serbuk ijuk aren (10:90; 20:80; 30:70; 40:60; dan 50:50). Karakterisasi komposit yang dihasilkan meliputi uji kekuatan mekanik, kerapatan, daya serap air, mikrostruktur, dan gugus fungsional. Komposit mempunyai kekuatan mekanik tertinggi sebesar 90,26 kgf/cm2 pada perbandingan massa styrofoam dan serbuk ijuk aren 30:70. Semakin tinggi kandungan styrofoam dalam komposit maka kerapatan komposit akan semakin meningkat dan daya serap air komposit semakin menurun. Komposit mempunyai struktur yang homogen dan gugus fungsional yang berasal dari styrofoam dan serat ijuk aren.Composite is a combination of two or more materials that produce a synergistic effect. Composite can be made from polymers as matrices and natural fibers as reinforcing agents. In this study, composite were synthesized from used styrofoam and sugar palm fiber. Styrofoam is one type of polymer that is difficult to degrade naturally, whereas sugar palm fiber is a natural fiber that is easily obtained in Indonesia. Composite synthesis was done using hot press equipment at various mass ratio of styrofoam to sugar palm fiber powder (10:90; 20:80; 30:70; 40:60; and 50:50). Characterization of obtained composites covered tests of mechanical strength, density, water absorption, microstructure, and functional groups. Composite had the highest mechanical strength of 90.26 kgf/cm2 at the mass ratio of styrofoam to sugar palm fiber powder of 30:70. The increase of the styrofoam content in composite caused the increase of composite density and the decrease of composite water absorption. Composite had homogeneous structure and functional groups derived from styrofoam and sugar palm fiber.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/5117
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/5117
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
PEMANFAATAN BAMBU PADA KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN BERDAMPAK POSITIP BAGI LINGKUNGAN
Artiningsih, Ni Komang Ayu; Dosen Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/5117
en
ABSTRACT Bamboo is one of the oldest building materials and is very versatile with many applications in the field of building construction, especially in developing countries. Bamboo grows abundantly throughout the Indonesian archipelago, and has become part of Indonesian society for centuries. Rapid growth of bamboo to make bamboo as a sustainable resource. Bamboo is a strong, lightweight material and can often be used without processing or finishing. Bamboo construction is easy to construct, resistant to earthquake forces, and easily repaired if damage occurs. Timber resources is reduced by the restrictions imposed on logging in natural forests, especially in the tropics, has focused world attention on the need to identify replacement materials that can Replaces, environmentally friendly and can be used widely. The existence of an increasingly scarce wood for wood utilization past massive, while the growth of the wood to be used as construction material so long to reach 40 years in comparison with bamboo which is only about 3 to 5 years. With rapid growth, good adaptability to most climatic conditions and soil conditions, bamboo emerged as a very suitable alternative. However, in order to fully utilize the potential of bamboo as a construction material, development efforts should be directed to its preservation. Utilization of lands that are less productive for growing bamboo is an attempt to preserve the bamboo. With the extensive use of bamboo structures in the field, the circulation where bamboo can support the economy of the people and provide a positive impact on the environment. KEY WORDS: Bamboo, construction, design, environment ABSTRAK Bambu merupakan salah satu bahan bangunan tertua dan sangat serbaguna dengan banyak aplikasi di bidang konstruksi bangunan, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Bambu tumbuh melimpah di seluruh kepulauan Indonesia, dan telah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia selama berabad-abad. Pertumbuhan bambu yang cepat membuat bambu sebagai sumber daya yang dapat berkelanjutan. Bambu merupakan material kuat dan ringan dan sering dapat digunakan tanpa pengolahan atau finishing. Konstruksi bambu mudah untuk membangun, tahan terhadap gaya gempa, dan mudah diperbaiki jika terjadi kerusakan. Sumber daya kayu berkurang dengan adanya pembatasan yang dikenakan pada penebangan di hutan alam, terutama di daerah tropis, telah memfokuskan perhatian dunia pada kebutuhan untuk mengidentifikasi pengganti material yang dapat diperbaruhi, ramah lingkungan dan secara luas dapat dimanfaatkan. Keberadaan kayu yang semakin langka karena pemanfaatkan kayu masa lalu secara besar-besaran, sementara pertumbuhan kayu hingga dapat digunakan sebagai material konstruksi bangunan sangat lama bisa mencapai 40 tahun dibandingkan dengan bambu yang hanya sekitar 3 sampai 5 tahun. Dengan pertumbuhan yang cepat, kemampuan adaptasi yang baik untuk sebagian besar kondisi iklim dan kondisi tanah, bambu muncul sebagai alternatif yang sangat cocok. Namun, dalam rangka memanfaatkan sepenuhnya potensi bambu sebagai material konstruksi bangunan, upaya pembangunan harus diarahkan untuk pelestariannya. Pemanfaatan lahan-lahan yang kurang produktif untuk penanaman bambu merupakan upaya melestarikan bambu. Dengan pemanfaatan bambu yang luas dibidang struktur bangunan, maka sirkulasi keberadaan bambu dapat mendukung perekonomian rakyat serta memberikan dampak positip yang besar terhadap lingkungan. KATA KUNCI : Bambu, konstruksi bangunan, desain, lingkungan.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/37702
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/37702
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021; 15-21
Pengaruh Suhu dan Konsentrasi Aktivator HCl terhadap Karakteristik Karbon Aktif dari Ampas Kopi
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/download/37702/114520
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/download/37702/114521
Oko, Syarifuddin; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Mustafa, Mustafa; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Kurniawan, Andri; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Palulun, Ega Sthefani Bara; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
2021-05-30 22:20:52
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/37702
Aktivasi Kimia Fisika; Karbonasi; Daya Serap Iod; Uji Proksimat
id
Berdasarkan data Statistik Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur 2019, luas perkebunan kopi Provinsi Kalimantan Timur yaitu 2.529 Ha dengan produksi 223 ton. Ampas kopi memiliki kadar total karbon sebesar 47,8-58,9%, total nitrogen sebesar 1,9- 2,3%, abu sebesar 0,43- 1,6%, dan selulosa 8,6%. Kandungan karbon tersebut berpotensi sebagai karbon aktif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan konsentrasi aktivator HCl terhadap karakteristik karbon aktif menurut standar SNI No. 06-3730–1995. Karbon aktif diperoleh melalui 4 tahapan yaitu preparasi bahan baku, karbonasi dengan variasi suhu 400oC, 500 oC, 600 oC dan 700 oC selama 20 menit, aktivasi kimia menggunakan aktivator HCl dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5 M, 1 M dan 1,5 M selama 48 jam, kemudian diaktivasi fisika pada temperatur 800 oC selama 1 jam. Hasil terbaik didapatkan pada variasi suhu 400 oC dan konsentrasi HCl 1 M dengan hasil daya serap I2 sebesar 797,46 mg/g, kadar abu 2,15%, kadar air 1,49%, dan kadar volatile matter 9,89%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7208
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7208
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
PENGARUH FREKUENSI DAN WAKTU PENCUCIAN BERBANTU ULTRASONIK MENGGUNAKAN ISOPROPANOL TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOMANAN DAN VISKOSITAS TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)
Rahayu, Lucia Hermawati; AKIN St. Paulus, Jl. Sriwijaya 104 Semarang, 50241
Wardhani, Dyah Hesti; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, FakultasTeknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH., Tembalang, Semarang, 50239
Abdullah, Abdullah; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, FakultasTeknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH., Tembalang, Semarang, 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7208
en
Abstract Konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus) contains a high economic value of soluble fiber glucomannan. Most of Indonesia konjac flour is exported in low (glucomannan content <65) hence sell in cheap price. Quality of glucomannan could be improved by removing impurities such as starch and cellulose. Application of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (leaching) of non glucomannan compound is an effective method to purify the konjac flour. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of ultrasonic waves frequency and leaching time of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method using aqueous isopropanol on glucomannan purification. The leaching conducted two frequencies (20 and 40 kHz) and various extraction time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes). The results showed that the best condition of glucomannan purification was achieved at 20 kHz for 10 minutes. In this conditon, glucomannan content , viscosity and yield were 76.1%, 12,800 cPs, and 96.1%, respectively. Keywords: konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus), glucomannan, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, isopropanol
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/42747
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42747
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 21-28
Evaluation of Shorting Facility Toward Archived Sustainable Waste Recovery in Talang Gulo landfill, Jambi City
Ani, Andra Puput Marya; Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina
Sari, Mega Muitiara; Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina
Septiariva, Iva Yenis; Study Program of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Suryawan, I Wayan Koko; Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina
2022-06-17 01:55:39
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42747
landfill; waste; shorting; waste reduction
en
Talang Gulo landfill has now been converted into a sanitary landfill system. In the management system, the incoming waste is sorted first. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the process of shorting waste at the Talang Gulo landfill to reduce the waste generation that is the reduction in landfills. This research was conducted by direct observation and using secondary data. The decrease in the number of waste reductions in Jambi City from 2019 to 2020 (9.52% to 1.77%). Data collection during June 2021 shows that the average generation that goes into landfills is 312.44 kg/day. The amount of waste that can be recovered from the shorting process is 2.4% of the total that goes to the shorting facility. The types of waste that are shorted consist of polyethene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethene (LDPE), aluminium, and glass. Where in the shorting process consists of two types of processes, namely mechanical and manual. The shorting with the mechanical and manual process obtained the highest PET waste with values, 38.82% and 56.8% respectively. The composition of the recovered waste in the Talang Gulo TPA Shorting Area is as follows LDPE Plastic 10.20%; aluminium 5.21%; Glass 1.30%; PET Plastic 38.83%; HDPE Plastic 24.3% and PP Plastic 20.17%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9775
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9775
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014; 34-38
RANCANG BANGUN DAN APLIKASI PENGERINGAN IKAN TERI DENGAN PENGERING BERINSULASI
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; laboratorium Teknologi Pangan,PSD III Teknik Kimia Undip
Broto, R TD Wisnu; laboratorium Operasi Teknik Kimia ,PSD III Teknik Kimia Undip
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9775
en
Abstract Basic Principles of Design Tools dryer, variables that must be considered among other properties - properties of the material to be dried, the characteristic drying of the material, heat flow, quality of products, the facilities around, the capacity of the tool, From factors - these factors are expected to get drier the performance of a very powerful and effective. The aim of this study was to design and build insulated fish dryers to improve the traditional fish drying process, enhance nutritional value, food safety and hygiene and to apply drier at drying anchovy (Stolephorus heterolobua), as well as to know the quantity of omega-3 fatty acids. Drier the result of design, size 1m x 1.2m x1,75 m, collector size of 1.2 mx 0.6 m, can be used for drying fish (Stolephorus heterolobua) hygienically and maintain the quality of products Lama drying 72 hours results dried fish that meets dtandar water content, for solar heating water content of 2.45%, for artificial heating water content of 2.65% preferred product is dried with saline 6% On acceptable products value EPA 0.5972 gr / 100 g and 0.4032 g DHA / 100 g, the value of TBA 1.21 mgr / kg, TVB: 7,04mgr N / 100gr, TMA: 5.11% N mgr Keyword : Design Tools dryer, insulated fish dryers Abstrak Prinsip Dasar Rancang Bangun Alat Pengering, peubah-peubah yang harus diperhatikan antara lain Sifat – sifat bahan yang akan dikeringkan,karakteristik pengeringan dari bahan, aliran panas, kualitas produk, fasilitas sekeliling,kapasitas alat. Dari faktor – faktor tersebut diharapkan untuk mendapatkan alat pengering dengan kinerja yang berdayaguna dan berhasil guna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membangun alat pengering ikan berinsulasi untuk memperbaiki proses pengeringan ikan tradisional,meningkatkan nilai gizi, hygiene dan keamanan pangan dan mengaplikasikan alat pengering pada pengeringan ikan teri (Stolephorus heterolobua), serta mengetahui kwantitas asam lemak omega-3. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah : Alat pengering hasil rancang bangun, ukuran 1 m x 1,2m x1,75 m, ukuran kolektor 1,2 m x 0,6 m, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengeringkan ikan teri (Stolephorus heterolobua) secara higienis dan mempertahankan kualitas produk Lama pengeringan 72 jam memberikan hasil ikan kering yang memenuhi dtandar kadar air , untuk pemanas surya kadar air 2,45 %, untuk pemanas buatan kadar air 2,65% Produk yang disukai adalah pengeringan dengan kadar garam 6% Pada produk yang dapat diterima memberikan nilai EPA 0,5972 gr/100 gr, dan DHA 0,4032 gr/100 gr, nilai TBA 1,21 mgr/kg, TVB : 7,04mgr N/100gr,TMA : 5,11 % mgr N Kata kunci : Rancang Bangun Alat Pengering, alat pengering ikan berinsulasi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12575
2021-01-15T06:14:23Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12575
2021-01-15T06:14:23Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
DAFTAR ISI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA UNIVERSITAS DIPONGORO
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12575
DAFTAR ISI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/49967
2023-06-17T15:05:38Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49967
2023-06-17T15:05:38Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023; 35-43
Optimalisasi Demulsifier pada Pemurnian Minyak Mentah Duri
Kholistiono, Fajar; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Yulianto, Mohamad Endy; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2023-06-17 15:04:54
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49967
Stasiun pengumpul umum; demulsifier; optimalisasi demulsifier
id
Pada proses pemurnian minyak mentah di area Duri dilakukan pada fasilitas stasiun pengumpul umum. Stasiun pengumpul ini melakukan proses pemurnian minyak bumi rata – rata 20.000 barel per hari dan air 250.000 barrel per hari. Pada proses pemurnian ini dibutuhkan demulsifier untuk membantu proses pemurnian. Konsumsi demulsifier saat ini sangat besar, dengan rata – rata pemakaian sebesar 100ppm perhari. Hal ini menimbulkan biaya operasional yang cukup besar dalam hal pemakaian demulsifier pada proses pemurnian minyak bumi dibanding jumlah produksi minyak bumi yang dihasilkan. Untuk itu akan dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan mengoptimalisasi pemakaian demulsifier tanpa mengubah kualitas produk hasil pemurnian minyak bumi. Pada rencana penelitian ini jumlah galon demulsifier akan dikonversikan menjadi ppm terhadap jumlah minyak bumi yang diproduksi. Percobaan akan dilakukan dengan metode bottle test dengan analisa data menggunakan factorial design. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan variasi variabel dari demulsifier, temperatur dan retention time. Variabel tersebut antara lain demulsifier akan diuji pada 80 ppm dan 90 ppm; temperatur akan diuji pada 160 °F dan 170 °F; retention time akan diuji pada 4 jam dan 5 jam. Dengan percobaan ini diharapkan dapat ditemukan kombinasi temperatur, retention time dan jumlah demulsifier paling optimum untuk menghasilkan minyak bumi yang baik. Tujuan akhir setelah ditemukan kombinasi tersebut maka diharapkan pemakaian demulsifier akan menurun sehingga dapat menurunkan biaya pembelian demulsifier untuk proses pemurnian minyak bumi. The process of refining crude oil in the Duri area is carried out at public collection station facilities. This collection station performs the process of refining crude oil - an average of 20,000 barrels per day and 250,000 barrels of water per day. In this purification process, a demulsifier is needed to assist the purification process. Consumption of demulsifiers is currently very large, with an average usage of 100ppm per day. This causes operational costs that are quite large in terms of using a demulsifier in the petroleum refining process compared to the amount of oil produced. For this reason, research will be carried out with the aim of optimizing the use of demulsifiers without changing the quality of refined petroleum products. In this research plan, the number of gallons of demulsifier will be converted to ppm for the amount of petroleum produced. The experiment will be carried out using the bottle test method with data analysis using a factorial design. The experiment was carried out using a variable variation of the emulsifier, temperature and retention time. These variables include the demulsifier that will be tested at 80 ppm and 90 ppm; temperatures will be tested at 160°F and 170°F; retention time will be tested at 4 hours and 5 hours. With this experiment it is hoped that the optimum combination of temperature, retention time and amount of demulsifier can be found to produce good petroleum. The ultimate goal after this combination is found is that it is hoped that the use of demulsifiers will decrease so that it can reduce the cost of buying demulsifiers for the process of refining petroleum.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1647
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1647
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
MODEL DIAGRAM JANECKE KESETIMBANGAN FASA PADAT-CAIR PROSES TIPE SOLVAY UNTUK PEMBUATAN Na2CO3 DAN KCI DARI ABU SABUT KELAPA
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD Il Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto,SH Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1647
en
Abstract Sodium carbonate and Kalium Chlorde are two major Chemical compound in industry such is glass, pulp, soap and paper industry. Sodium carbonate and kalium chloride can be produces simultaneously from coconut shell fiber as by solvay type process. The ash coconut shell fiber contain larger portion of Kalium carbonate (35-45%-b Dikaliumoxide). The Material used in the research were kalium carbonate , kalium bicarbonate sadium chloride, carbon dioxide , kalium chloride, sodium carbonate ,sodium bicarbonate and water. The research parameter were the solubility of the salts kalium carbonate sodium chloride, sodium carbonate ,kalium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and kalium bicarbonate. For the solid liquid phase equilibrium data the observation for K+-Nα+- CI- CO3 - -H2O system was conducted. 30-40C and for K+-Nα+- CI- HCO3 - -H2O system the observasion was conducted at 55-65C They also help to identify the separation boundaries , the condition of operation ,the lise of solids that are most likely to precipitate and many more. Information, the generated SLE-phase ,diagrams such as phase boundary data and saturation point data may be used to solve grapichally the mass balance equations is related to the operational pathson the phase diagrams, the temperature dependent phase boundaries and the solubility index it is possible to simultaneously design.analize and simulate both continous flow sheets wich crystallization operation and sequences of batch.operations. The Simultaneous graphical not only provides a visualization of the process operation, but also,provides very goods initial estimates for future simulations with rigorous model.Jancke diagram .from Na + K t – CI- HCO3 - -H2O system at 50 C has the crystallization field.while the widest crystallization field for the Na + K t – CI- HCO3 - -H2O system was obtained from process at 400C Keyword : Janecke diagram; proses solvey
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14756
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14756
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
STUDI PENGARUH RASIO REAKTAN, pH, DAN WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA TEPUNG GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) TERASETILASI
Amalia, Rizka; Program Studi DIII Teknik Batik Politeknik Pusmanu, Pekalongan
Kumoro, Andri Cahyo; Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14756
Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio reaktan, pH dan waktu reaksi terhadap nilai swelling power, solubility, dan derajat substitusi tepung gadung terasetilasi. Asetilasi dilakukan dengan mendispersikan 20 gram tepung gadung ke dalam 100 mL akuades. pH diatur hingga nilai tertentu (8, 9, dan 10) dengan penambahan NaOH 1 M. Slurry diaduk selama 30 menit. Setelah itu, asam asetat dengan rasio tertentu 1:3, 1:4, dan 1:5 (berat asam asetat:berat tepung) ditambahkan secara perlahan ke dalam campuran reaksi. pH campuran dijaga ke kondisi awal dengan penambahan NaOH 1 M. Reaksi asetilasi dibiarkan berlangsung selama waktu tertentu (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, dan 60 menit,) kemudian dihentikan dengan penambahan HCl 1 M sampai pH 5,5. Tepung terasetilasi disaring dan dicuci dengan air suling sebanyak tiga kali pencucian dengan rasio berat pencucian 1:3 (b/v). Tepung terasetilasi dikeringkan pada suhu 50oC sebelum dianalisa nilai daya kembang, kealarutan, dan derajat substitusinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, kondisi optimal diperoleh pada tepung yang dimodifikasi dengan rasio reaktan 1:3, pH 8, dan waktu reaksi 30 menit, dengan nilai swelling power,solubility, dan derajat substitusi sebesar 7,3 g/g; 18,6 %; dan 0,033. kata kunci :gadung, asetilasi, swelling power, solubility, derajat substitusi Abstract The objective of this research are to investigate the effect of glacial acetic acid:flour mass ratio, pH, and reaction time on the swelling power, solubility,and degree of substitution acetylated gadung tuber flour. The acetylation was carried out by dispersing 20 grams of gadung flour in 100 mL distilled water. The pH of the dispersed system was adjusted to a certain value (8, 9 or 10) by adding of 1 M NaOH. Then, the predetermined mass of glacial acetic acid (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) was added to the reaction mixture. The pH was brought back to the initial condition by adding of 100 mL 1 M NaOH. The acetylation reaction was let to occur for 10 to 60 minutes before it had been terminated by adding 1 M HCl until pH 5,5. The acetylated flour were obtained by filtration of reaction mixture. It is followed by threefold washing that used distilled water with 1: 3 (w/v). The acetylated flour then were dried in an electric oven at 50oC before analyzed to swelling power, solubility, and degree of substitution. Based on the value of swelling power and water solubility of acetylated gadung tuber flour were obtained, the best reaction condition were the ratio of glacial acetic acid/gadung tuber flour 1:3, pH 8, and the reaction time of 30 minutes with swelling power 7,3 g/g; solubility 18,6%, and degree of substitution 0,033. key words : gadung, acetylation, swelling power, solubility, degree of substitution
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1722
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1722
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
STUDI PENURUNAN Fe2+ DENGAN UNIT SARINGAN PASIR CEPAT MEDIA PASIR LAUT
Oktiawan, Wiharyanto; Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Krisbiantoro, Krisbiantoro; Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1722
en
Abstract Iron is mineral that cause staining of plumbing fixtures and laundered clothes as wall as produce distinct taste and odors in a drinking water. Aeration is alternative processes for the removal of iron. Sedimentation and filtration will remove the iron precipitates formed in the aeration device. This research uses 2 stages in testing; they are the batch filter and the column filter. On each of the stages we try using activated sand media. This media is known to able to decrease the Fe2+.The water spring is from the 2nd deep well at the Prambanan water treatment facility. The goal from this research is to find the criteria design on surface loading and to find out the effectiveness in reducing Fe2+ that is in the water by using the media of activated sand. From this experiment we found that the maximal filtration speed on activated sand is 11,05 m/hour. Calculation analysis shows that the coefficient. Figure of Fe2+ in the batch filter on Ngrenehan beach ocean sand filter is λ1=0,40± 0, l0 m -1 with the average on reducing Fe2+ 21,37%. This figure is small if it is compare to the coefficient figure of Fe2+ in the batch activated sand filter is λ1=0,92± 0, l6 m -1 with the average on reducing Fe2+ 42,27%. Keywords : Ngrenehan beach ocean sand filte, rapid sand filter. Activated sand, filtration speed. removal coefficient
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18012
2020-04-17T20:20:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18012
2020-04-17T20:20:28Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017; 37-44
Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Kadar Air Dan Aktivitas Air Dalam Bahan Pada Kunyit (Curcuma Longa) Dengan Alat Pengering Electrical Oven
Leviana, Wilandika; Teknik Kimia Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Paramita, Vita; Teknik Kimia Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2017-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18012
turmeric; electrical oven; water content; water activity; kunyit; electrical oven; kadar air; aktivitas air
en
Kunyit merupakan tanaman obat berupa semak dan bersifat tahunan (parenial). Kandungan air yang cukup tinggi membuat kunyit harus diolah sebelum disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Pada penelitian ini pengeringan kunyit dengan menggunakan electrical oven. Proses pengeringan kunyit dilakukan dengan variabel berubah seperti jenis bahan, suhu, dan ketebalan irisan. Jenis bahan yang digunakan yaitu kunyit orange dan kunyit putih, variabel suhu pengeringan 700C, 800C, 1000C serta variabel irisan 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, dan 4mm. Uji analisa pada penelitian ini meliputi analisa kadar air, aktivitas air, dan organoleptik seperti uji warna, aroma, dan penampakan fisik. Pada penilitian tersebut didapatkan variabel optimal pada jenis kunyit orange dan putih yaitu pada variabel suhu pengeringan 800C dengan ketebalan irisan 3mm waktu pengeringan selama 135 menit untuk kunyit putih dan 150 menit untuk kunyit orange. Kadar air sebesar 3,515% dan 0,11 aktivitas air pada kunyit putih, aroma dan bentuk yang khas warna dan kunyit serta tidak berubah bentuk, sedangkan pada kunyit orange kadar air sebesar 2,741% dan aktivitas air sebesar 0,061 aroma yang sedikit khas kunyit dengan warna putih kekuningan. Effect of Temperature on Water Content And Water Activity In Material On Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) With Tools Electrical Oven Dryer Turmeric is a medicinal plant of bush and annual (parenial). The water content is high enough to make turmeric should be processed before being stored for long periods. In this research drying turmeric using electrical oven. The process of drying turmeric by changing variables such as material type, temperature, and slice thickness. Type of materials used are orange turmeric and white turmeric, drying temperature variables 700C, 800C, 1000C and variable slices 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, and 4mm. Test analysis in this study include water content, water activity, and organoleptic analysis such as color, aroma, and physical appearance. In the research, the optimum variables on turmeric and white turmeric were varied in drying temperature 800C with 3mm slice thickness drying time for 135 minutes for white turmeric and 150 minutes for turmeric. Water content of 3,515% and 0.11 of water activity in white turmeric, aroma and shapes typical of color and turmeric and unchanged, while in turmeric orange moisture of 2.741% and water activity of 0.061 a slightly turmeric-white scent with white Yellowish.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1856
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1856
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
APLIKASI RHIZOPUS OLIGOSPORUS, RHIZOPUS ORYZAE, ISI TUBUH KEPITING DAN ENZIM BROMELIN PADA BIOEKSTRAKSI KRIM SANTAN KELAPA MENJADI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
Kusumayanti, Heny; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro
Susanti, Margaretha Tuti; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro
Yulianto, Mohamad Endy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1856
en
Abstract Oil production process with fermentation is one of method to produce virgin coconut oil (VICO). In this research, fermentation process done with coconut extract fermentation method as substrate, with biocatalysator, are Rhyzopus oligosporus, Rhyzopus orizae, body of crab and bromelin enzyme from raw pineapple. Design which used is a completed blocked random design. Source of variation is comparison of starter and substrate. From research which has done by biocatalysator, the most effective is Rhyzopus oligosporus with comparison starter and substrate 0,75 : 1, with velocity agitation 150 rpm, produce efficiency 90,23 % test of peroxide number until five weeks keep is 2,7-4,4, acid number 0,02, iod number 8,1, this result is comformable with food oil standard. Key words : coconut extract – fermentation – Virgin coconut oil (VICO)
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18658
2020-04-17T20:20:51Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18658
2020-04-17T20:20:51Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018; 11-14
Biokatalisator Lipase Dedak Padi Untuk Proses Asidolisis Minyak Tuna Dan Asam Laurat
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; Departement Teknologi Industri Prodi Teknik Kimia, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Supriyo, Edy; Program Studi, Teknik Kimia Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Broto, R.T.D. Wisnu; Program Studi, Teknik Kimia Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-06-04 13:13:31
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18658
Lipid; lipase; dedak padi; minyak ikan tuna; lipids, lipase; rice brand; tuna fish oil
en
Lipid terstruktur dengan medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) pada posisi luar dan polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) pada posisi sn-2 memiliki nilai gizi dan absorbsi yang sangat baik. Dalam penelitian ini lipid terstruktur disintesis secara langsung melalui asidolisis enzimatis antara minyak ikan dan asam laurat. Reaksi dikatalisis oleh lipase dedak padi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari perilaku dari reaksi asidolisis enzimatik minyak ikan tuna dan asam laurat, dengan kajian pengaruh biokatalis lipase dedak padi terhadap hasil asidolisis. Target yang ingin dicapai berupa data-data teknis laboratorium untuk perancangan, scale-up dan pengoperasian proses yang meliputi kinetika reaksi, studi produktifitas asam lemak, kondisi operasi yang optimum dan analisa tekno-ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi lipase dan suhu reaksi optimum berturut-turut 10% dan 50oC. Rasio mol optimum minyak ikan dan asam laurat adalah 1:10, dihasilkan inkorporasi asam laurat mencapai 62,8 mol%. Pada waktu inkubasi 12 jam, trigliserida menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu inkubasi, sedangkan digliserida meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu inkubasi. Pada suhu reaksi di atas 50oC, trigliserida menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya suhu reaksi. Metode interesterifikasi ini cukup efektif untuk mensintesis lipid terstruktur spesifik. Lipase dapat digunakan dengan baik untuk sintesa Lipid Terstruktur dari minyak ikan tuna dengan asam laurat. Kondisi optimum reaksi adalah pada suhu 50oC, konsentrasi lipase 10%, perbandingan ratio substrat (Minyak ikan tuna : asam laurat) 1:10 selama 12 jam. Profil gliserida dari hasil asidolisis enzimatis adalah 78,1 % trigliserida, 32,2 % digliserida dan 11,9% monogliserida Lipase Rice Bran Biocatalystator For Asidolysis Process Tuna Oil And Lauric Acid Lipid structured with medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) in the outer position and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in sn-2 position has excellent nutritional value and absorption. In this study structured lipids were synthesized directly through enzymatic acididisation between fish oil and lauric acid. The reaction was catalyzed by a specific lipase of 1.3 from the tertiary carotid rugose. The aim of this study was to study the behavior of enzymatic acidic reactions of tuna and lauric acid oils, with the study of the effect of rice bran biocatalyst on acidic acid yield. The targets to be achieved are technical laboratory data for design, scale-up and operation of processes including reaction kinetics, fatty acid productivity studies, optimum operating conditions and techno-economic analysis. The results showed that the optimum lipase concentrate and temperature of the reaction were 10% and 50oC, respectively. The mole ratio of fish oil and lauric acid was 1:10 in which the incorporation of lauric acid was 62,80% (mol). Incubation time, 12 h, triglyceride decreased with an increase in incubation time. In contrast, the diglyceride increased with an increase in incubation time. At temperature higher than 50oC, triglyceride decreased with an increase in reaction temperature. The methode of interesterification was proven to be effective in synthezed specific structured lipids. Lipase rice brand, can be used successfully for the synthesis of structured lipids from tuna oil with lauric acid. Optimum reaction temperature is 50oC, lipase concentration of 10%, the ratio of substrate ratio (tuna fish oil: lauric acid) 1:10 for time incubation 12 hours. Profile gliseride from results acidolysis enzymatic triglycerides were 78.1%, 32.2% 11.9% diglycerides and monoglycerides.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/3430
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3430
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
PENGGUNAAN MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI DALAM PEMBUATAN SARI BUAH RAMBUTAN
JOS, BAKTI; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50293
Susanto, Heru; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50293
Kuntolaksono, Satrio; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50293
Ariyanto, Yanuar; metana_teknikkimia@yahoo.com
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3430
en
Abstract Hairy fruit (Nephelium sp) is fruit of horticultural belong in family Sapindacaeae. Membrane is a thin layer separates two phases which allow the displacement of specific components and hold other components that do not being needed. Ultrafiltration is a filtration process using membranes that filter out particles with a size of 20 to 1000 Angstrom. Results of ultrafiltration has high purity (0.4 to 0.6 NTU turbidity) than results from conventional manner (1.5-3 NTU turbidity). Yield gained was 5-8% higher than that gained from conventional. Dependent variable used is kind of hairy fruits (crops and cans). The independent variable is the pressure 2 kg/cm2, 3 kg/cm2, 0.4 kg/cm2, 0.5 kg/cm2, 0.6 kg/cm2 and the type of membrane (PES and hydrosart). The result of the study showed that greater operation pressure resulted in greater turbidity, and greater flux. The greater flux resulted smaller selectivity and pass the requirement of Environmental Protection Agency, USA. Key word : Hairy fruits, juice, membrane, ultrafiltration
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/24424
2020-04-28T18:53:40Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/24424
2020-04-28T18:53:40Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019; 37-42
Adsorption of Sulphur in Biogas by Activated Carbon Derived From Mangrove Fruits (Rhizopora stylosa) as Solid Residue of Natural Dyes Extraction
Paryanto, Paryanto; Universitas Sebelas Maret
Wibowo, Wusana Agung; Universitas Sebelas Maret
Saputra, Nandika Aji; Universitas Sebelas Maret
Setyawati, Rosana Budi; Universitas Sebelas Maret
2019-11-27 21:28:29
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/24424
Biogas; Activated Carbon; Hydrogen Sulfide; Adsorption; Rhizopora stylosa
Edi Supriyo, Diponegoro University; Vocational School, Departement of Chemical Engineering
en
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as impurity in biogas. H2S could react to form sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) during the burning process. The corrosive property of these compounds possibly cause damage the power plant system. Overcoming this problem, activated carbon impregnated with KOH has been proven to work very well in adsorbing H2S. On the other hand, mangrove fruits pulp residue from the natural dyes extraction process has not utilized. Mangrove (Rhizopora stylosa) fruits contain about 50% fixed carbon which is possibly made as activated carbon. The purposes of this research were to determine the adsorption efficiency of H2S in biogas using activated carbon derived from mangrove fruits residue and to determine isotherm equilibrium constants for adsorption. The small scale adsorption devices consist of cooler, flow stabilizer, flow regulator, flow meter and column adsorber. At certain flow rate, biogas was sampled in every 10 minutes and then analyzed using portable H2S gas analyzer. Temperatures of biogas entered the adsorption column were in the range of 33-34oC. The optimum biogas flow rate was 4 liter per minute (lpm) for 250 grams (16 cm of height) of activated carbon. We found the adsorption efficiency was decreased by time and still reached 79.6% for 50 minutes contact time. Based on coefficient of correlation value (R2) on isotherm model, Langmuir model is more suitable for the H2S adsorption of biogas in this study. We found the Langmuir equilibrium constant k was 0.033 and maximum adsorption capacity (x/m)max was 0.284 mg/mg.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4883
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4883
2018-02-04T12:49:34Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
PENGEMBANGAN PROSES THERMOKIMIA UNTUK PENINGKATAN KONVERSI ASAM LEMAK MELALUI INTERFACIAL ACTIVATION LIPASE BUAH SEGAR KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN TUNING UP MENGGUNAKAN GELOMBANG MIKRO
Wikanta, Deddy Kurniawan; JurusanTeknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Y, Mohamad Endy; JurusanTeknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
Erlangga, Erlangga; JurusanTeknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
A, Hermawan Dwi; JurusanTeknik Kimia PSD III Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Jl. Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4883
en
Nowadays, Indonesia fulfill the demand of fatty acid by importing it, through Indonesia is one of major producer of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), one of vegetable oil beside Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) and Coconut Oil (CNO) that can be used as the raw material for the production of fatty acid. In order to increase the added value of palm oil and to fulfill the country demand of fatty acid, it is necessary, finding a new fatty acid production process which is more efficient and more economial. Because palm oil has a lipase enzyme that can hydrolyze the triglyceride of palm oil, it is urge to study the technology of fatty acid production by utilize the lipase of palm oil. The thermal protonation of microwave toward the fatty acid chain in enzyme is the important matter, because enzyme will memorize the ionization condition from aquatic solution before the dehydration process (enzyme’s pH memory). Because of that, “the tuning” towards pH will fasten the hydrolysis rate. The parameters of the research were reaction temperature, pH, power, ratio of water-fruit, mechanical treatment and the milling of the palm oil as time function. Keywords : fatty acid, lipase enzyme, interfacial antivation, microwave
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/34193
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/34193
2021-05-08T13:42:19Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020; 75-80
Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Katalis Kalsium Oksida (CaO) menjadi Biodiesel
Eka Putri, Presyta Chalida; Universitas Diponegoro
Supriyo, Edy; Universitas Diponegoro
2020-11-22 21:56:05
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/34193
biodiesel, minyak kelapa sawit, transesterifikasi
id
Bioedisel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang menjanjikan yang dapat diperoleh dari minyak nabati maupun lemak hewani melalui reaksi transesterifikasi dengan alkohol. Minyak nabati mempunyai potensi yang cukup besar untuk bahan bakar alternatif mesin diesel dengan dilakukan reaksi transesterifikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu (550C dan 650C), konsentrasi katalis (3% dan 5%) dan %berat metanol (30% dan 50%) terhadap yield metil ester yang dihasilkan dan dilakukan optimasi proses dengan variasi variabel suhu transesterifikasi untuk menentukan besar yield biodiesel minyak kelapa sawit. Dari penelitian didapatkan suhu transesterifikasi optimum adalah 600C dengan yield sebesar 89,98% untuk konsentrasi katalis 3% dan 50% berat metanol. Biodiesel yang didapatkan memiliki densitas sebesar 838 kg/m3 (standar Pertamina815-860 kg/m3), viskositas sebesar 4,01 mm2/sec (standar Pertamina 2,0 – 4,5 mm2/sec), bilangan asam sebesar 0,45 mgKOH/gr (standar Pertamina maks 0,6), flash point sebesar 630C (standar Pertamina min 520C) dan angka setana sebesar 48,45 (standar Pertamina min 48). Serta pengaplikasian biodiesel dengan uji kebisingan biodiesel (B30) minyak kelapa sawit pada mesin fogging sebesar 79,9 dB dan pada kebisingan solar pada mesin fogging sebesar 81,6 dB.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7202
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7202
2018-02-04T12:47:53Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
PEMBUATAN FILM KOMPOSIT KITOSAN –TAPIOKA : PENGARUH KOMPOSISI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM
Rokhati, Nur Rokhati; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro.
Jl.Prof.Soedharto SH, Tembalang, Semarang
Telp.(024)7460058 Fax.(024) 76480675
Pramudono, Bambang; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro.
Jl.Prof.Soedharto SH, Tembalang, Semarang
Telp.(024)7460058 Fax.(024) 76480675
Widiasa, I. Nyoman; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro.
Jl.Prof.Soedharto SH, Tembalang, Semarang
Telp.(024)7460058 Fax.(024) 76480675
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7202
en
Abstract Cassava starch can readily be cast into films. However, the cassava starch film is brittle and weak leading to inadequate mechanical properties. Therefore it is necessary blending with other biopolymers that can overcome these drawbacks. In this study, composite film prepared by blending of cassava starch and chitosan solutions with ratio 2:8, 3:7, 4:8, and 5:5. The results show that the mechanical strength of the film increase with increasing the chitosan content. The significant decline in both permeability and degree of swelling with increasing the content of chitosan in the composite film. The hydrophobic acetyl groups of chitosan caused a notable reduction of wettability as well as water permeability. The degree of swelling experiments showed that the films have the highest degree of swelling in water followed by technical ethanol (±95%) and pure analysis ethanol (>99.9%). SEM photographs of the surface of film with the ratio 5:5 have more homogeneous than the ratio 2:8. The amino group peak in IR spectrum of chitosan molecule shifted from 1581 to 1587 cm−1 with the incorporation of starch. These results suggested that these two film-forming components were compatible and an interaction existed between them. Keywords: Chitosan–starch films; composition, characterization
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/36698
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/36698
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021; 88-96
Karakteristik Poli Asam Laktat Glikolat (Kajian Rasio Asam Laktat Limbah Aren-Asam Glikolat)
Purnavita, Sari; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Hermawati, Lucia; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Rinihapsari, Elisa; Program Studi Analis Kesehatan, Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
2021-12-14 11:46:06
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/36698
polimer; biomedik; biokompatibel; PLGA; kimia terapan
id
Polimer Poli Asam Laktat Glikolat (PLGA) merupakan salah satu jenis polimer yang telah disetujui FDA dan EMA untuk penggunaan biomedik. Kelebihan PLGA yaitu biokompatibilitas, biodegradabilitas, fleksibilitas, dan efek samping yang minimal. PLGA telah dikembangkan untuk penggunaan medis namun pemenuhannya masih berupa impor. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini monomer asam laktat dari limbah pati aren dan asam glikolat dengan rasio LA:GA = 75%:25%; 90%:10%; 95%:5%; direaksikan secara Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) dengan bantuan katalis Sn(II) Oktoat membentuk PLGA. PLGA hasil kemudian ditambahkan PVA, dengan rasio PLGA:PVA 3:2; 3:3; 3:4; dan 3:5 dengan metode solution casting membentuk film. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kombinasi rasio LA:GA dan rasio penambahan PVA mempengaruhi karakteristik film PLGA. Hasil kekakuan dan Modulus Young film PLGA tertinggi pada kombinasi penambahan rasio LA:GA = 75%:25% dan penambahan rasio PLGA:PVA =3:4. Biodegrabilitas film PLGA terbaik pada kombinasi penambahan rasio LA:GA 90%:10% dan penambahan rasio PLGA:PVA 3:4. Film PLGA memiliki biokompatibilitas yang baik pada semua rasio LA:GA, dengan penambahan rasio PLGA:PVA lebih dari 3:2. Hasil film PLGA memiliki morfologi permukaan paling halus pada rasio penambahan PLGA : PVA 3:2, dan memiliki struktur semi kristalin.Lactic Glycolic Acid Polymer (PLGA) is a type of polymer that has been approved by the FDA and EMA for biomedical use. The advantages of PLGA are biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, and minimal side effects. PLGA has been developed for medical use but fulfillment is still imported. Therefore, in this study, the lactic acid monomer from waste palm starch and glycolic acid with a ratio of LA: GA = 75%: 25%; 90%: 10%; 95%: 5%; reacted with Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) with the help of a catalyst Sn (II) Octoate to form PLGA. The resulting PLGA was then added with PVA, with a ratio of PLGA: PVA 3: 2; 3: 3; 3: 4; and 3: 5 with the solution casting method forming the film. This research was conducted experimentally with a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that the combination of LA: GA ratio and PVA addition ratio affected the PLGA film characteristics. The results of stiffness and Young's Modulus of PLGA film were highest in the combination of addition of the ratio of LA: GA = 75%: 25% and the addition of the ratio of PLGA: PVA = 3: 4. The best PLGA film biodegradability was combined with the addition of the ratio of LA: GA 90%: 10% and the addition of the PLGA: PVA ratio 3: 4. PLGA film has good biocompatibility in all LA: GA ratios, with the addition of a PLGA: PVA ratio of more than 3: 2. The results of the PLGA film had the smoothest surface morphology at the ratio of addition of PLGA: PVA 3: 2, and had a semi-crystalline structure.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7617
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7617
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
PERANGKAP NYAMUK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN RAGI UNTUK PENGEMBANG BIAKAN KESTABILAN SUHU DENGAN HEAT DETECTOR YANG MENGGUNAKAN NTC ( NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFISIEN)
Enny, Enny; Pranata Laboratorium PSD III Teknik Elektro FT-UNDIP Semarang
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7617
en
Abstract Tool mosquito traps we encounter in our lives, be it in liquid or solid form, but there are some that contain chemicals. In the environment of our lives more and more developing mosquitoes due to less uncontrolled channels substandard and not arranged. And there are many people who use liquid or solid materials containing chemical substances, which can interfere with human comfort In this study makes tools that are environmentally friendly mosquito trap, this tool can be applied in the community, since it is also quite easy, does not require hazardous materials, comparatively simple and fast. With the creation of yeast and sugar solution will cause the fermentation process, where the results of this fermentation process will produce CO2 or carbon dioxide is a chemical compound that is the most interesting mosquitoes come. To control the temperature as well as the results of CO2 gas can develop rapidly so we set it up or put up with a tool such as a series heat detector that uses NTC (Negative Temperature Coeffisien) which can control the temperature of 25oC-30oC. Thus, the more carbon dioxide, the more mosquitoes were trapped. The results showed that use of the material I :( yeast = 1 gram = 50 grams of brown sugar, water = 250 ml) and material 2 (= 1 g Yeast, Brown sugar: 100gr, water = 250 ml) results are better materials 2 because these materials tend to be attractive / approachable mosquitoes, because the adhesions combined sugar yeast grow better and produce different yeast aroma of material 1 Keywords: mosquito trap, environmentally friendly
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/49707
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49707
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 2 (2022): Desember 2022; 114-120
Ekstraksi Kulit Jeruk Manis Bahan Pewangi Alami Pada Pembuatan Lilin Aromaterapi
Yerizam, Muhammad; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
Jannah, Asyeni Miftahul; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sriwijaya
Rasya, Nabila; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
Rahmayanti, Adelia; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
2022-11-10 13:46:15
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/49707
kulit jeruk manis; minyak atsiri; lilin aromaterapi; ekstraksi soxhlet.
id
Kulit jeruk manis merupakan limbah yang memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi dan dapat di manfaatkan kembali. kulit jeruk manis dapat menghasilkan minyak atsiri. Minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan digunakan pada industri kecantikan dan parfum sebagai komponen utama. Komponen – komponen minyak atsiri pada kulit jeruk manis adalah terpen, sesquiterpen, aldehida, ester, dan sterol 3. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri dari ekstrak kulit jeruk manis agar dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti sintetik pada lilin aromaterapi. Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa bubuk kulit jeruk manis. Proses pengambilan minyak dalam kulit jeruk dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi sokletasi dimana dilakukan dengan variasi waktu ekstraksi selama 1,2 dan 3 jam menggunakan pelarut n-heksana pada suhu 70℃ dan 75℃ dengan rasio bahan baku terhadap pelarut sebesar 1:10. Pada proses sokletasi ini menghasilkan yield sebesar 39% dengan kadar limonene sebesar 98,70% yang diuji menggunakan metode Analisa Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry (GC-MS). Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan uji organoleptic berupa uji terhadap bau, warna, bentuk, Uji kesukaan terhadap 25 orang responden serta uji titik leleh terhadap lilin aroma terapi dengan menggunakan metode pipa kapiler. Pada Analisa uji organoleptic menunjukkan dengan penambahan 4% konsentrasi ekstrak minyak kulit jeruk manis pada lilin aromaterapi sudah mampu menghasilkan produk lilin dengan bentuk yang tidak retak, patah maupun cacat dann menghasilkan aroma khas jeruk. Pada uji kesukaan yang dilakukan pada 25 orang responden, didapatkan skala nilai hedonic sebesar 3,88 (cukup tertarik). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan rendemen minyak terbanyak pada waktu 2 jam dengan suhu 75ºC sebanyak 39,5%. Sweet orange peel is a waste that has a high selling value and can be reused. sweet orange peel can produce essential oil. The essential oil produced is used in the beauty and perfume industry as the main component. The components of essential oil in sweet orange peel are terpenes, sesquiterpenes, aldehydes, esters, and sterols 3. The study aimed to produce essential oil from sweet orange peel extract so that it can be used as a synthetic substitute for aromatherapy candles. The raw material used in this study was sweet orange peel powder. The process of extracting the oil in the orange peel was carried out by sokletation extraction method where it was carried out with a variation of extraction time for 1, 2 and 3 hours using n-hexane solvent at 70 ℃ and 75 ℃ with a ratio of raw materials to solvent of 1:10. This sokletation process produced a yield of 39% with a limonene content of 98.70% which was tested using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry (GC-MS) analysis method. In this study, organoleptic tests were also carried out in the form of tests on odor, color, shape, preference tests on 25 respondents and melting point tests on aroma therapy candles using the capillary pipe method. The organoleptic test analysis showed that the addition of 4% concentration of sweet orange peel oil extract to aromatherapy candles was able to produce wax products with a shape that was not cracked, broken or deformed and produced a distinctive citrus aroma. In the favorability test conducted on 25 respondents, a hedonic value scale of 3.88 (quite interested) was obtained. From the results of the study, the highest oil yield was obtained at 2 hours with a temperature of 75ºC as much as 39.5%.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11048
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11048
2018-02-04T12:46:54Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
IbM KELOMPOK PRODUSEN SUSU SEGAR MENJADI PENGANEKARAGAMANMAKANAN OLAHAN SEBAGAI PENUNJANG MAKANAN FUNGSIONAL
Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Arifan, Fahmi; PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11048
en
Abstact Program objectives IbM: fresh dairy products utilizing rejected KUD, into a product pasteurized milk, sour milk, caramel milk, milk crackers milk and ice creams. These objectives require the application of production technology pasteurized milk, sour milk, caramel milk, milk crackers and milk ice creams by using a multipurpose fermenter, granulator, packaging and machinery production of dairy ice creams. Results of diversification of products will be marketed to shops, places selling makaunan and supermarkets around the site partners, as well as to the surrounding tourist areas. The method that will be used by the implementation team is joint partneridentify the problems faced by partners , implement educationdiversification and extension dairy products , designing and applyingtechnology pengenekaraman fresh dairy products , training and socialization as wellmonitoring and evaluation of the results of activities. The implementation team together with a group of farmersfresh milk producer training , practice ( pilot ) and socializationapplication of a multipurpose fermenter , granulator , packaging and machine ice creams to fresh milk diversify into other products such as milk pasteurized , sour milk , caramel milk , crackers dairy milk and ice creams . On finally the implementation team together with partners to test marketing results diversification of dairy products to the sales centers in local souvenir Another such Salatiga , Boyolali until Surakarta , as well as tourist spots around like Keteb pass , Kopeng Evaluation activities are divided into 3 stages: initial evaluation , evaluation process and the final evaluation . Initial evaluation in the form of pre-test to determine the level knowledge and abilities of the participants about the materials science and technology will transferred. Evaluation process in the form of presence of the participants to see seriousness of the participants in the follow counseling and training . Evaluation the final addition in the form of post-test and evaluation of product sales , for determine the increase of knowledge and ability of the material extension and demonstration plots , are also evaluated what percentage of farmers who want to apply delivered technology implementation team , as well as what percentage of the number of products diversification results that have been sold . Keywords : diversification of dairy products segar- fermentor multigunagranulator- packaging - machine ice creams milk productionAbstrak Tujuan Program IbM : memanfaatkan produk susu segar yang ditolak KUD, menjadi produk susu pasteurisasi, susu asam, karamel susu,kerupuk susu serta es kream susu. Tujuan tersebut membutuhkan aplikasi teknologi produksi susu pasteurisasi, susu asam, karamel susu, kerupuk susu serta es kream susu dengan menggunakan fermentor multiguna, granulator,pengemas serta mesin produksi es kream susu. Hasil penganekaragaman produk akan dipasarkan ke toko-toko, tempat-tempat penjualan makaunan maupun swalayan disekitar lokasi mitra, maupun ke daerah wisata disekitarnya. 23 Metode yang akan dipakai oleh tim pelaksana adalah bersama mitra mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra, melaksanakan pendidikan dan penyuluhan penganekaragaman produk susu, merancang dan mengaplikasikan teknologi pengenekaraman produk susu segar, pelatihan dan sosialisasi serta memantau dan evaluasi hasil kegiatan. Tim pelaksana bersama kelompok peternak penghasil susu segar melakukan pelatihan, praktek (percontohan) dan sosialisasi pengaplikasian fermentor multiguna, granulator, pengemas serta mesin pembuat es kream untuk menganekaragamkan susu segar menjadi produklain seperti susuAbstrak Tujuan Program IbM : memanfaatkan produk susu segar yang ditolak KUD, menjadi produk susu pasteurisasi, susu asam, karamel susu,kerupuk susu serta es kream susu. Tujuan tersebut membutuhkan aplikasi teknologi produksi susu pasteurisasi, susu asam, karamel susu, kerupuk susu serta es kream susu dengan menggunakan fermentor multiguna, granulator,pengemas serta mesin produksi es kream susu. Hasil penganekaragaman produk akan dipasarkan ke toko-toko, tempat-tempat penjualan makaunan maupun swalayan disekitar lokasi mitra, maupun ke daerah wisata disekitarnya. Metode yang akan dipakai oleh tim pelaksana adalah bersama mitra mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra, melaksanakan pendidikan dan penyuluhan penganekaragaman produk susu, merancang dan mengaplikasikan teknologi pengenekaraman produk susu segar, pelatihan dan sosialisasi serta memantau dan evaluasi hasil kegiatan. Tim pelaksana bersama kelompok peternak penghasil susu segar melakukan pelatihan, praktek (percontohan) dan sosialisasi pengaplikasian fermentor multiguna, granulator, pengemas serta mesin pembuat es kream untuk menganekaragamkan susu segar menjadi produklain seperti susu pasteurisasi, susu asam, karamel susu, kerupuk susu serta es kream susu. Pada akhirnyatimpelaksanabersama mitra melakukan uji coba pemasaran hasilpenganekaragaman produk susu ke pusat-pusat penjualan buah tangan di daerah lain seperti Salatiga, Boyolali sampai Surakarta, maupun tempat-tempat wisata disekitarnya seperti Keteb pass, Kopeng. Evaluasi kegiatan dibagi menjadi 3 tahap yaitu evaluasi awal, evaluasiproses dan evaluasi akhir. Evaluasi awal berupa pretes untuk mengetahui tingkatpengetahuan dan kemampuan para peserta tentang materi ipteks yang akanditransfer. Evaluasi proses berupa presensi para peserta untuk melihatkesungguhan para peserta dalam mengikuti penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Evaluasiakhir disamping berupa post test dan evaluasi penjualan produk, untukmengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan dari materi penyuluhandan demplot, juga dievaluasi berapa persen peternak yang mau menerapkanteknologi yang disampaikan tim pelaksana, serta berapa persen jumlah produkhasil penganekaragaman yang telah terjual. Kata kunci :penganekaragaman produk susu segar- fermentor multigunagranulator-pengemas-mesin produksi es krim susu
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14751
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14751
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI FOTOKATALIS TiO2 DAN SENYAWA ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA)
Sutardjo, F.X. Sulistiyanto Wibowo; Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi “YAYASAN PHARMASI” Semarang
Wildan, Achmad; Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi “YAYASAN PHARMASI” Semarang
Handyanaputri, Eka Susanti; Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi “YAYASAN PHARMASI” Semarang
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14751
AbstrakTitanium dioksida (TiO2) adalah senyawa yang sering digunakan pada proses fotokatalisis, untuk lebih meningkatkan aktivitas fotokatalis TiO2 dapat dilakukan dengan kombinasi TiO2 dengan suatu khelat asam etilendiamintetraasetat (EDTA), EDTA ditambahkan untuk mencegah terjadinya rekombinasi electron-hole sehingga aktivitas fotokatalisis dalam mendegradasi senyawa organik dan mereduksi senyawa anorganik lebih efektif dan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama penyinaran dan pengaruh penambahan senyawa EDTA pada TiO2 terhadap fotodegradasi amoksisilin dan fotoreduksi ion Cu(II), massa kombinasi TiO2 dengan EDTA yang digunakan adalah 1 : 0, 1 : 1, dan 1 : 2. Sedangkan variasi lama penyinaran yang digunakan adalah 20, 40, dan 60 menit. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi amoksisilin menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV dan konsentrasi ion Cu(II) menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh variasi lama penyinaran dan penambahan senyawa EDTA pada katalis TiO2 terhadap fotodegradasi amoksisilin dan fotoreduksi ion logam Cu(II). Kondisi optimal lama penyinaran pada proses fotodegradasi amoksisilin dan fotoreduksi ion logam Cu(II) adalah 60 menit dan dengan variasi TiO2 kombinasi EDTA yaitu 1 : 2, pada konsentrasi tersebut amoksisilin yang terdegradasi sebesar 54,69% dan ion logam Cu(II) yang tereduksi sebesar 47,74%. Kata kunci: Titanium dioksida, Fotokatalis, asam diamintetraasetat (EDTA), ion logam Cu (II), Amoksisillin Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a compound that is often used in the photocatalyst, to increase the activity of TiO2 photocatalyst can be done by a combination of TiO2 with a chelate ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), with added EDTA is expected to prevent the recombination of electron-hole so that the photocatalyst activity in degrading organic compounds and inorganic compounds reduce more effectively and optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of irradiation time and the effect of adding the compound EDTA on TiO2 against photodegradation amoxicillin and photoreduction Cu(II) metal ion, the variation of a combination of TiO2 with EDTA used is 1 : 0,1 : 1 and 1 : 2. While variations of irradiation time used are 20, 40, and 60 minute. The method used to determine the concentration of amoxicillin using UV spectrophotometry and concentration of Cu(II) metal ion using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed have effected of variations irradiation time and the addition of EDTA on TiO2 catalyst against photodegradation amoxicillin and photoreduction Cu(II) metal ion. Optimal conditions of irradiation time in the process of photodegradation amoxicillin and photoreduction Cu(II) metal ion is 60 minute and the variation of a combination of TiO2 with EDTA used is 1 : 2, at these concentrations of amoxicillin degraded by 54.69% and the Cu(II) metal ion were reduced by 47.74%. Keywords : Titanium dioxide, Photocatalyst, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Cu (II) metal ion, Amoxicillin
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1671
2021-01-15T06:20:14Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1671
2021-01-15T06:20:14Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
Kusumayanti, Heny
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1671
en
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12578
2020-04-17T20:20:17Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12578
2020-04-17T20:20:17Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017; 7-12
Tachometer Laser , Pemakaian Dan Perawatannya
Enny, Enny; Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Elektro, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2018-02-14 15:23:47
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12578
laser tachometer; maintenance; tachometer; perawatan
Alat Tachometer adalah sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk pengujian yang dirancang untuk mengukur kecepatan rotasi dari sebuah objek, seperti alat pengukur dalam sebuah Motor listrik yang mengukur putaran per menit (RPM) dari poros engkol motor. Alat tachometer laser adalah alat yang dapat melakukan pengukuran dari jarak jauh yaitu bekerja dengan sensor cahaya yang sangat sensitip terhadap elemen berputar. Maka dari itu alat harus dirawat dan diperbaiki secara teratur. apabila ada kerusakan. Kegiatan perawatan yang dilakukan adalah perawatan pencegahan dan pemeliharan kerusakan. Sehingga alat tachometer dapat digunakan secara maksimal sesuai dengan instruksinya pemakaian alat tersebut.Dengan adanya perawatan dan pemakaian yang tepat diharapkan bahwa alat tachometer laser agar dapat berfungsi dengan baik dalam waktu yang lama. Laser Tachometer, Use and Maintenance The Tachometer Tool is a device used for testing designed to measure the rotational speed of an object, such as a measuring device in an electric motor that measures per minute rotation (RPM) of the motor crankshaft. The laser tachometer tool is a device that can perform measurements from a distance that is working with sensors of light that is very sensitive to the rotating elements. Therefore the tools must be maintained and repaired regularly. If there is damage, the maintenance activities carried out are preventive maintenance and maintenance of damage. So that tachometer tool can be used maximally in accordance with the instruction of using the tool. With proper maintenance and usage it is expected that laser tachometer tool to function well in a long time.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1806
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1806
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
STUDI PENGARUH TEMPERATUR AUSTENITIASI DAN HOLDING TIME PADA PROSES HARDENING BAJA K 460
Suyadi, Suyadi; Jurusan Teknik Perkapalan PSD III Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1806
en
Abstract on the harcening process of K 460 steel, austenite temperature and holding time plays very important roles in influencing the result of hardening. In this research, austenite tenrperature variatiorrs are 755oc, 770 oc,785oc. 8l5oc, and 840oc with holding time of 5'30',60' and 120'. Then research result indicates that on 755oc. variation of the holding time produce high increase of hardness. For the others temperature need 30' to reach homogeny phase and more 30' holding time make the hardness relative constant. Meanwhile, the impact strength would be varied caused by intemal stress and residual austenite. For statistical analysis with 99oc accuracy, it's found that the effect-of temperature and holding time and it's both interactions make the number of hardness and the impact strength grow significantly. Key words : hardening, temperature austenite, holding time
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1904
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1904
2018-02-04T15:04:01Z
METANA
Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007
PENGEMBANGAN PIRANTI LUNAK SISTEM PROSES BERSIFAT USER FRIENDLY DENGAN SCILAB (Open Source Software)
Sasongko, Setia Budi; Teknik Kimia Fak. Teknik UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1904
en
Abstract Requirement of software is necessary for the process system-computer simulation. ln reality, costly of software is one of restriction for the software development. However, the costly constraint can be solved using open source software such as Scilab and OpenOffice. The goa lof this article formulates user friendly program of the process system. Scilab program by Graphical User Interface (GUI) and interaction with Open Office-Cale for the data-base physical property. Scilab program has been listed in this article and algorithme of rhe program as the methodology has been presented in this article. Results of the simulation program indicate goodfinding for the process system. Kata kunci : scilab; open office, simulasi komputer; oss (open source sortuare), Antar Muka Pcngguna - Graphical User Interface (GUI).
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/22966
2020-04-17T20:21:48Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/22966
2020-04-17T20:21:48Z
METANA
Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019; 9-12
Pemanfaatan Minyak Goreng Bekas Menjadi Sabun Serai
Prihanto, Antonius; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katholik Mangunwijaya
Irawan, Bambang; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Katholik Mangunwijaya
2019-06-18 07:05:30
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/22966
minyak goreng; limbah; sabun; serai
id
Telah dilakukan penelitian Pemanfaatan Minyak Goreng Bekas Menjadi Sabun Serai. Penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk memanfaatkan limbah minyak goreng bekas menjadi sabun serai. Upaya untuk memanfaatkan minyak goreng bekas menjadi sabun serai ini melalui rekayasa proses. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh kadar minyak serai terhadap kualitas produk sabun serai. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu tahap persiapan dan tahap pembuatan sabun serai, Pada tahap persiapan, minyak goreng bekas dibersihkan dari pengotornya melalui proses filtrasi. Minyak goreng yang telah bebas dari pengotornya selanjutnya dijernihkan melaui proses penetralan dengan larutan NaOH. Minyak goreng bekas yang telah jernih selanjutnya direaksikan dengan larutan NaOH 40 % pada suhu 55 oC dengan variasi kadar minyak serai 5 %, 7,5 %, 10%. 12.5 % dan 15 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan sabun serai dari minyak goreng bekas dengan kadar minyak serai 7,5 % hingga 15 % telah memenuhi syarat sebagai sabun mandi menurut SNI. Pada konsentrasi minyak serai 15 % menghasilkan sabun serai dengan aroma serai paling kuat. Research has been conducted on Utilizing Used Cooking Oil into Lemongrass Soap. This research is an attempt to utilize used cooking oil waste into lemongrass soap. Efforts to utilize used cooking oil into lemongrass soap through process engineering. This research was conducted to examine the effect of citronella oil levels on the quality of lemongrass soap products. This research consists of two stages, namely the preparation stage and the stage of making lemongrass soap. In the preparation stage, used cooking oil is cleaned from its impurities through a filtration process. Cooking oil that has been free from the impurities is then purified through the neutralization process with NaOH solution. Clear, used cooking oil is then reacted with 40% NaOH solution at 55 oC with variations in citronella oil content of 5%, 7.5%, 10%. 12.5% and 15%. The results showed that the manufacture of lemongrass soap from used cooking oil with 7.5% to 15% citronella oil content fulfilled the requirements as bath soap according to SNI. At a concentration of 15% lemongrass oil produces lemongrass soap with the strongest lemongrass aroma.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/4028
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4028
2018-02-04T14:58:00Z
METANA
Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
MICROANALYSIS PEMBENTUKAN KRISTAL CALSIUM SULFAT PADA PIPA BERALIRAN LAMINER DENGAN PARAMETER LAJU ALIR
Mangestiono, Wiji; Program Studi D3 Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2011-07-05 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/4028
en
Abstract Gypsum (CaSO4. 2H2O) scaling inside pipe is very problematic for industries since it causes narrowing of pipe diameter, thickening of heat transfer surfaces, lenghthening the process time and finally increase the cost of production. It is therefore necessary to prevent the occurance of gypsum scaling in a piping system. This report describes an experiment on gypsum scale formation utilizing CaCl2.2H2O and Na2SO4 solutions to form gypsum ( CaSO4. 2H2O). The concentration the calcium ions selected was 3,500 ppm. The experiment was carried out a pipe with several coupons made of copper representing common pipe material used in industry. Flowrate of gypsum solution as one of process parameters for gypsum scaling was varied: 30, 40 and 50 ml/minute respectively. In addition, Cu2+ as impurities was aded into the solution : 5 and 10 ppm respectively. In adition, a microanalysis on the scale was also caried out using EDAX. The mass of the scale formed was calculated in order to determine the rate of the gypsum scale growth. Keywords : flowrate, gypsum, impurities, piping system.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/30461
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/30461
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020; 39-46
Pengaruh Blanching terhadap Karakteristik Daun Ubi Kayu Instan
Kamsiati, Elmi; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian, Badan Litbang Kementan
Rahayu, Eka; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian, Badan Litbang Kementan
Herawati, Heny; Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian, Badan Litbang Kementan
2020-06-07 16:00:21
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/30461
blanching, cassava, leaves, instant
id
Daun ubikayu merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang memiliki kandungan gizi cukup lengkap. Selain vitamin dan mineral, daun ubikayu juga mengandung protein tinggi. Namun, karena memiliki kandungan air tinggi daun ubikayu rentan terhadap kerusakan sehingga tidak dapat disimpan dalam waktu lama. Teknologi pengeringan merupakan salah satu metode pengolahan yang dapat meningkatkan umur simpan sayuran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis garam (NaCl dan natrium bikarbonat) dan lama blanching terhadap karakteristik daun ubikayu instan serta menentukan perlakuan untuk menghasilkan daun singkong instan dengan karakteristik terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis garam dan lama blanching berpengaruh terhadap warna daun kering sebelum dan setelah rehidrasi, tekstur, serta daya rehidrasi. Daun ubikayu instan terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan penggunaan NaCl 1% dengan lama blanching 15 detik. Karakteristik warna daun sebelum rehidrasi L 47,19; a -4,52; b 8,15 dan setelah rehidrasi L 36,40; a -6,97; b 13,84 dengan daya rehidrasi 760%, tekstur 11,5 g, kadar air 8,38%, kadar abu 8,56%, lemak 5,17%, protein 36,68%, dan karbohidrat 41,21%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik daun ubikayu yang dihasilkan tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol ditinjau dari parameter proksimat, namun berbeda nyata ditinjau dari parameter kecerahan warna, daya rehidrasi, dan nilai b setelah rehidrasi.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6832
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6832
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
RANCANGAN SISTEM MONITORING DAN KENDALI SUHU REAKTOR DI LABORATORIUM
Vendamawan, Rico; Pranata Laboratorium PSD III Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6832
en
Proportional control system design, hardware in the form of temperature control systems using Wifi, to control the Reactor heater on Laboratory of Diploma Chemical Engineering. In this system made the system interface and device temperature control system for reading the same data records with the reading of stored data and graphical visualization using Borland Delphi. To maintain a stable temperature of the reactor need to be made primarily on monitoring and temperature control systems that work online using Wifi, the result is that the actual temperature control system and can monitor the temperature of it online. This study uses a temperature sensor type LM 35 which is a type of semiconductor that has an integrated signal conditioning part of it. Using the internal ADC 10 bits of mikrokontrol AVR ATmega 8535, as an interface. To perform wireless data communications that have used Wifi 802.11g specification. Wifi injected data from a computer using a standard protocol TCP / IP. By doing a set of IP addresses allows the data on a computer can be accessed by another computer around it. Validation test was done by comparing the temperature readings by the sensor LM35 with Thermo standard test equipment 300, the test results obtained device temperature control system that can work in accordance with the principles of control on the basis of proportional control theory, with errors less than 2%. Keywords: temperature control, proportional control, Wifi
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/42565
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42565
2021-12-14T11:47:51Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021; 49-54
Analisis Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Keriting dalam Polybag menggunakan Pupuk Fermentasi Urin Sapi
Juhariah, Jujuk; Program Studi Agroteknologi, Universitas Boyolali
Aulia, Margaretha Praba; Program Studi Agroteknologi, Universitas Boyolali
2021-11-24 14:52:03
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/42565
akar kacang tanah; batang pisang; cabai keriting; sabut kelapa; urin sapi
id
Tahun 2020 merupakan tahun yang cukup sulit bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Adanya virus corona jenis baru memaksa masyarakat untuk beradaptasi dengan kebiasaan baru. Salah satu masalah terbesar yang dihadapi adalah dengan adanya kebijakan lockdown yang menyebabkan sulitnya distribusi bahan pangan. Oleh sebab itu edukasi masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan secara organik dengan mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada disekitar pekarangan rumah perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon tanaman cabai keriting dengan menggunakan pupuk fermentasi urin sapi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara memberikan perlakuan variasi pemupukan dengan mencampur urin sapi dan EM4 (perlakuan A); urin sapi, EM4, dan batang pohon pisang (perlakuan B); urin sapi, EM4, dan sabut kelapa (perlakuan C); dan urin sapi, EM4, dan akar kacang tanah (perlakuan D). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, dan bobot biomassa kering tanaman. Perlakuan penambahan sabut kelapa pada fermentasi urin sapi memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman. Sedangkan penambahan akar kacang tanah pada fermentasi pupuk urin sapi meningkatkan bobot biomassa kering tanaman secara signifikan. Penambahan batang pohon pisang pada fermentasi urin sapi secara nyata memberikan pengaruh terhadap diameter batang tanaman cabai keriting. Akan tetapi, jumlah daun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dari semua jenis pemupukan. The year 2020 is quite a difficult year for the people of Indonesia. The existence of a new coronavirus type forces people to adapt to new habits. One of the biggest problems faced is the lockdown policy which makes it difficult for food distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the public to utilize the yard organically by optimizing the existing resources around the yard of the house. This study aimed to determine the response of curly chili plants using cow urine fermentation fertilizer. The research was conducted by giving various fertilization treatments by mixing cow urine and EM4 (treatment A); cow urine, EM4, and banana tree trunks (treatment B); cow urine, EM4, and coconut husk (treatment C); and cow urine, EM4, and groundnut root (treatment D). Parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and dry biomass weight of the plant. The addition of coconut fiber in cow urine fermentation has a significant effect on plant height parameters. Meanwhile, the addition of groundnut roots to fermented cow urine fertilizer increased the dry biomass weight of the plant significantly. The addition of banana tree trunks to cow urine fermentation significantly affected the stem diameter of curly chili plants. However, the number of leaves did not show a significant difference between all types of fertilization.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7612
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7612
2018-02-04T12:48:15Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
KONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT DI PERAIRAN, SEDIMEN DAN BIOTA DENGAN FAKTOR BIOKONSENTRASINYA DI PERAIRAN BATU BELUBANG, KAB. BANGKA TENGAH
Wahyuni, Hasti; Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Sasongko, Setia Budi; Magister Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Diponegoro
Sasongko, Dwi P; Magister Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7612
en
Abstract The reduction of land that used for land-based mining caused the shift of mining from land-based mining to off-shore mining, that used to namedFloating Inkonvensional Mining. This type of mining caused waters quality degradation.This research aimed to analyze Pb, Cd, and Zn content in water, sediment, and biota so that the value of the bio-accumulation factor can beanalyzed.The locations determination was conducted by using purposive random sampling method and the implementation was using GPS Garmin 60 in June 2013. The sea water sampling was using the water sampler, the sediment sampling was using paralon pipe, the plankton sampling was using the plankton-net, the shellfishes sample was collected from the fishermen, and the chavies and squids sample was got from Baganin the waters of Pulau Panjang.The analysis of the metal in water and sediment was refer to the prosedur standard method (APHA, 2005), while the analysis of the heavy metal in the planktons and the tissue of the biota was refer to SNI 2354.5:2011. The content of metal was compared with the quality standard that have been determined.The Cd and Zn content in water was under the sea water quality standard for sea biota. The Pb in the waters have been exceeded the quality standard that have been determined in Kepmen LH no. 51 Tahun 2004.The Pb, Cd, and Zn content in sediment was lower and far away from the quality sandard that have been determined by Norwegia and Irlandia. The heavy metal content in Anadara granosa, Stolephorus, sp, and Loligo chinensis, gray which were got chaught in the waters of Batu Belubang was lower thanthe national quality standard (SNI 2731.1:2010). The value of bio-concentration factor (BCFs-w) showed that the highest ability of sediment to accumulate Pb was existed in station number 2, i.e. 10,037 l/kg. The value of bio-concentration factor (BCFo-s) showed the plankton ability to accumulate Pb in sediment (1,26) was higher than its ability to accumulate Zn in sediment (1,22), while its ability to accumulate metal in water (BCFo-w) was as high as 8,275 in station number 2. The value of bio-concentration factor (BCFo-s) showed that the shellfish, chavies, and squid ability in accumulating metal in sediment was as high as 0,713; 0,564 and 0,703. The value of bio-accumulation of shellfish in sediment was higher because sediment was the habitat of shellfish.Floating Inkonvensional Mininghave contribution in spreading heavy metal, that was contained in the soil, to the waters. This condition needs supervision to control TI Apung growth in this location so that does not pollute the waters. Kata kunci : Lead(Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zink (Zn), Water, Sediment,Plankton, Shellfish, Chavies,Squid, Batu Belubang, Floating Inkonvensional Mining, Bio-concentration Factor (BCF).
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/46418
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/46418
2023-02-04T23:34:21Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 2 (2022): Desember 2022; 77-82
Pengaruh Variasi Organic Loading Rate Limbah Buah Jeruk Terhadap Konversi Biohidrogen pada Reaktor Kontinyu Sirkulasi
Sinaga, Nazarruddin; Departemen Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Farizan Praevia, Muhammad; Magister Energi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Diponegoro
2022-11-10 13:46:12
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/46418
Biohidrogen; Jeruk; Biodigester; Organic Loading Rate; Waste to Energy
id
Salah satu energi alternatif terbarukan saat ini yang sedang dikembangkan untuk mengganti bahan bakar fosil adalah biohidrogen. Biohidrogen dapat diperoleh dari hasil fermentasi limbah biomassa berupa limbah jeruk. Jeruk mengandung senyawa yang dapat diolah untuk menghasilkan hidrogen melalui fermentasi anearob. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi Organic Loading Rate limbah buah jeruk yang diumpankan setiap harinya ke dalam biodigester terhadap produksi gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan. Gas hidrogen merupakan suatu senyawa yang memilki potensi yang cukup menjanjikan sebagai salah satu sumber energi untuk di masa depan. Energi dari hasil kalor pembakaran hidrogen ini mencapai 120,1 MJ/Kg, dimana angka ini bahkan hampir tiga kali lipat lebih besar dari energi yang dihasilkan pembakaran gasoline. Variasi Organic Loading Rate yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 2,25 L/hari dan 2,75 L/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh organic loading rate terhadap produksi biohidrogen. Semakin besar OLR maka semakin besar gas hidrogen yang terbentuk. Hasil gas hidrogen yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 11,728 %. Konversi limbah biomassa menjadi gas hidrogen dinilai mendukung konsep Waste to Energy pemerintah dan menjadi salah satu solusi energi alternatif di Indonesia. Gas hidrogen selanjutnya dapat dikonversi menjadi panas dan listrik. One of kinds of renewable alternative energy source that can be developed to substitute fossil fuels is biohydrogen. Biohydrogen is obtained from the fermentation of biomass, orange waste. Oranges contain compounds that can be treated to produce hydrogen through anaerob fermentation. This research aims to determine the effect of organic rate’s variation of oranges that inputted per day to the biodigester. Organic loading rate that been used in this research were 2,25 L/day and 2,75 L/day. The results show that the influence of organic loading rate to biohydrogen production. The results reveal that the higher the OLR is, the more hydrogen is produced. The production of hydrogen on OLR 2.75 L is higher than OLR 2.25 L. The hydrogen production’s concentration is 11.728 %. The conversion of biomass waste into hydrogen gas is considered to support Indonesia governments about Waste to Energy concept and become one of the alternative energy solutions in Indonesia. Hydrogen gas can then be converted into heat and electricity.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/11042
2021-01-15T06:12:25Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11042
2021-01-15T06:12:25Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
cover
metana, cover; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/11042
en
cover
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12582
2021-01-15T06:14:26Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12582
2021-01-15T06:14:26Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
PEDOMAN PENULISAN
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12582
PEDOMAN PENULISAN
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/57022
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/57022
2024-01-12T05:27:45Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023; 91-99
Pengaruh Perbandingan Ikan Wader (Rasbora jacobsoni) dan Tepung Terigu terhadap Mutu Mi Kering
Rahmadi, Isnaini; Program Studi Teknologi Pangan, Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Insyra, Athalla Rania; Program Studi Teknologi Pangan, Institut Teknologi Sumatera
Suhartini, Wildan; Program Studi Teknologi Pangan, Institut Teknologi Sumatera
2023-12-21 16:05:51
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/57022
fisikokimia; ikan wader; mi kering; protein
Id
Pola konsumsi masyrakat Indonesia saat ini menjadikan produk mi sebagai makanan pendamping atau pengganti nasi. Hal ini berpengaruh besar terhadap status gizi masyarakat seperti kekurangan protein. Tingkat konsumsi protein hewani di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Kandungan protein ikan wader sebesar 14,88% cocok untuk bahan baku pangan produk mi kering. Mi kering merupakan makanan paling populer di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat perbandingan ikan wader terhadap kualitas mutu fisikokimia mi kering serta rendemen dan daya kembang. Formulasi mi kering dengan perbandingan ikan wader:tepung terigu 0:100, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65. Analisis mi kering meliputi uji rendemen, daya kembang, kadar air, lemak, protein, abu, abu tidak larut dalam asam, dan karbohidrat. Hasil analisis ANOVA memperlihatkan bahwa perbandingan daging ikan wader dan tepung terigu berpengaruh nyata dengan perhitungan rendemen, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar abu, dan kadar karbohidrat, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata dengan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam. Hasil bobot nilai terbaik didapatkan dari perbandingan konsentrasi ikan wader dan tepung terigu sebesar 25:75 dengan nilai rendemen sebesar 60,27%, daya kembang 120%, kadar air 11,13%, kadar lemak 1,6%, kadar protein 13,55%, kadar abu 2,13%, kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,014% dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 71,6%. The current consumption pattern of the Indonesian people makes noodle products a complementary food or substitute for rice. This has a big influence on the nutritional status of the community, such as protein deficiency. The level of consumption of animal protein in Indonesia is still relatively low. Wader fish protein content of 14.88% is suitable for food raw materials for dry noodle products. Dry noodles are the most popular food in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the wader fish comparison level on the physicochemical quality of dry noodles as well as yield and swelling power. Dry noodle formulation with the ratio of wader fish:wheat flour 0:100, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65. Analysis of dry noodles included yield, swelling power, moisture content, fat, protein, ash, acid insoluble ash, and carbohydrates. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that the ratio of wader fish meat and wheat flour significantly affected the calculation of yield, water content, fat content, protein content, ash content, and carbohydrate content, but had no significant effect on acid insoluble ash content. The best weight results were obtained from a comparison of the concentrations of wader fish and wheat flour at 25:75 with a yield value of 60.27%, swellability of 120%, moisture content of 11.13%, fat content of 1.6%, protein content of 13.55 %, 2.13% ash content, 0.014% acid insoluble ash content and 71.6% carbohydrate content.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1662
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1662
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
PRODUKSI FORMULASI INSEKTISIDA CAIR BENTUK EMULSIFIER CONCENTRATE YANG EFEKTIF GUNA MEMBASMI NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI DALAM USAHA MENCEGAH PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH
Supriyo, Edy; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik UNDIP
Abidin, Zainal; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik UNDIP
Nugraheni, Nugraheni; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik UNDIP
Wahyuni, Sri; Jurusan Teknik Kimia PSD III Teknik UNDIP
2021-11-11 07:18:57
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1662
en
Abstract Liquid pesticide formulation in the form of emulsifier concentrate (EC) is more preferable because it does not form clogging and blocking in the tools and precipitating that harden. Based on fired capacity in the whole pesticide formulation industry, about 25 % produce emulsifier concentrate. In the emulsion formulation, the important point is unite insoluble matter become a homogeny and stable formulation for long period. The selection of emulsifier type is very important because it is influenced by quality and EC formulation stability. Result formula very good is 20 % propoxure; 5 % Malathion; 5 %; agrisol ; 20 % DBS; 45 % Xyline dan 5 % additive (%w/w), concentration affection test 0.025% v/v for thinner solvent in 20 strain aedes aegypti mosquitoes at Semarang killed on 2 hours = 4 mosquitoes, 4 hours = l0 mosquitoes, 6 hours = 16 mosquitoes and on 8 hours all mosquitoes had been died. From emulsion stability test, in oil phase and water phase was found terpentine as stable solvent in the emulsion form, with separated oil percentage at concentration 3mg/l about 42%. In water phase emulsion forms micro emulsion with white fog colors in whole concentration 1, 2 and 3 ppm Keyword: Emulsifier Concentrate
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/17512
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17512
2019-03-15T16:28:01Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016; 26-30
Pangan Fungsional Dari Tanaman Lokal Indonesia
Kusumayanti, Heny; Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Hanindito, Satrio Bagus; Teknik Mesin Produksi dan Perawatan, Politeknik Negeri Semarang
Mahendrajaya, Robertus Triaji; Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Diponegoro
2018-02-03 14:18:13
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/17512
functional food; Indonesian; local food;
en
Masyarakat lebih suka mengkonsumsi makanan dengan nutrisi dan protein yang baik dan berguna untuk kesehatan sehingga mereka dapat menikmati hidup dengan cara yang lebih sehat. Cara hidup yang sehat harus dimulai dari diri kita sendiri. Pangan fungsional merupakan makanan dan bahan pangan yang dapat memberikan manfaat tambahan di samping mempunyai fungsi gizi dasar pangan tersebut sesuai dengan posisinya dan bisa bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Pangan lokal Indonesia adalah merupakan potensi yang bisa dikembangkan menjadi makanan fungsional. Misalnya: jagung (zea mays), ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas), belimbing, wortel, juga sumber bahan makanan tambahan dari hasil laut dari golongan mikroalga. Tujuan dari paper review ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai macam olahan lokal di Indonesia yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk pangan fungsional. Functional Food From Indonesian Local Plants People prefer to consume foods with good nutrition and protein and are useful for health so they can enjoy life in a healthier way. A healthy way of life should start from ourselves. Functional food is food and food that can provide additional benefits in addition to having the basic nutritional function of the food in accordance with its position and can be beneficial to health. Indonesian local food is a potential that can be developed into functional food. For example: zea mays, Ipomoea batatas , starfruit, carrots, as well as additional sources of food from marine products from the microalgae. The purpose of this paper review is to know the various local proceses in Indonesia that can be utilized for functional food.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1797
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1797
2018-02-04T15:03:45Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
PERKUATAN ( STRENGTHENING) STRUKTUR BETON DENGAN FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP)
Christiawan, Ignatius; Jurusan Teknik Sipil PSD III Teknik, UNDIP Semarang
Jl, Prof Sudarto SH, Pedalangan Tembalang, Semarang 50239
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1797
en
Abstract In effort fulfill requirement the well building infrastructure, safety of building user such as building avalanche damage as result of earthquake is principal priority. Load addition on building exceeds the planning load as result of the involuntary building function change always generating the building avalanche damage. It was needed evaluate to the strength of building structure at the existing condition and strengthening if it was needed before the structure given the new load. One of the strength procedure is external reinforcement method especially give Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) that it was adhered on the concrete component surface which reinforced by epoxy glue. From several former researches, base analysis and bent planning along with example of the practice calculation of beam strength by FRP can be concluded that the use of FRP in combination with the others strength method is easy and practice for conducted and also capable to increase the strength of concrete beam bent. Kcywords: load addition, strength, safety
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18199
2021-01-15T06:13:04Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18199
2021-01-15T06:13:04Z
METANA
Vol 12, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Daftar Isi
Metana, Editor
2016-12-02 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18199
en
Daftar Isi Desembe 2016
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/20097
2020-04-17T20:21:15Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20097
2020-04-17T20:21:15Z
METANA
Vol 14, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018; 43-48
Peningkatan Produktivitas Industri Manisan Nanas Melalui Pengembangan Pengering Multi Rak
Yulianto, Endy; Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Yohana, Eflita; Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Sutrisno, Sutrisno; Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Utami H, Sri; Jurusan Teknik, Mesin Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Ariwibowo, Didik; Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Fardzanela S, Fardzanela S; Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Sitawati, Riana; Jurusan Akuntansi, Fakultas Ekonomi, STIE Dharmaputra
2018-12-10 07:22:52
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/20097
adsorpsi; manisan nanas; pengering; resirkulasi; zeolite
en
Industri olahan buah-buahan khususnya nanas menjadi salah satu industri yang cukup berkembang. Olahan hasil panen nanas dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk ini.Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah deseminasi teknologi pengering multi rak resirkulasi adsorpsi berbasis zeolit yang telah teruji di laboratorium dan merupakan well-proven technology ke industri manisan nanas rumput laut KUB 3 Sekawan. Target yang ingin dicapai melalui pengembangan proses produksi dan konsep pengering resirkulasi berbasis zeolit di industri manisan nanas rumput laut KUB 3 Sekawan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi produksi. Kegiatan diseminasi produk teknologi ke masyarakat meliputi: (i) desain dan pabrikasi prototipe pengering resirkulasi adsorpsi kapasitas 50 kg/batch, (ii) penyusunan dokumen Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), (iii) pengujian adaptasi dan evaluasi penerapan pengering resirkulasi adsorpsi, dan (iv) evaluasi tekno-ekonomi. Pengering multi rak dilengkapi resirkulator udara pengering berbasis zeolit telah terpabrikasi secara baik dan telah digunakan untuk produksi manisan nanas rumput laut. Pengering adsorpsi multi rak ini, mampu meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dan menurunkan biaya produksi. Analisis tekno-ekonomi meliputi: B/C Ratio, NPV dan IRR menunjukkan bahwa terap-kembang alat di industri manisan nanas rumput laut ini layak. Dengan demikian, alat memenuhi persyaratan secara teknis dan secara finansial atau secara ekonomis.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/3855
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3855
2018-02-04T15:02:04Z
METANA
Vol 6, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
PENGARUH ADITIF ION Cu TERHADAP MORFOLOGI KERAK GIPSUM PADA PIPA BERALIRAN LAMINER DENGAN PARAMETER LAJU ALIR
Mangestiono, Wiji; Program Studi D3 Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/3855
en
Abstract Parameter in this experimental is flowrate which has some effect on the morfology of cristals produced such as crystal system and crystal size. Study of morfology in this research were needed to justify what kind the crystals is and to know the effects of the adition some aditives. To fullfil this demand analysis of Scaning Electron Microscopy were done and also measurement the mass of crystals. The result of this experiment : the mass of crystals decrease by adition ion Cu2+ five ppm and 10 ppm, but crystal morfology has no difference in its siystem otherwise in its length. Crystal system still orthorhombic. Keywords : crystal, flowrate,morfology, aditive
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/30363
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/30363
2020-11-22T06:20:59Z
METANA
Vol 16, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020; 1-10
Effect of The Ratio of H-Zeolite Catalyst and Temperature in The Opening Ring Reaction in Bio Lube Base Oil Production from Palm Oil
Izzan, Abdillah Iman; Universitas Diponegoro
Octaviani, Ary; Universitas Diponegoro
Purwanto, Purwanto; Universitas Diponegoro
2020-05-30 20:47:25
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/30363
biolubricant; palm oil; H-zeolite; ring opening
en
Lubricants are materials that can reduce friction between two components. Lubricants are very important to keep the engine from being damaged quickly. Currently lubricants on the market generally comes from petroleum derivatives with limited availability. Therefore, technology needs to be developed to look for other raw materials as a substitute for petroleum based lubricating oil, namely by utilizing the potential of existing vegetable oils, one of which is palm oil. Biolubricant made from palm oil will be made using the method of transesterification, epoxidation and ring opening reaction. To increase yield and high product quality, a catalyst in the form of H-Zeolite is used. So that this study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of H-Zeolite catalyst to ring opening reactions. The quality of lube base oil could be indicated from density, viscosity index and acid number. Acid number will smaller in presence higher content in 10% weight ratio of H-Zeolite as catalyst and EPOME also higher temperature of ring-opening reaction because the catalyst H-Zeolit will work more effective in temperature 75oC. Other evidence is of density and viscosity index would show good value than smaller amount of H-Zeolit and lower temperature of reaction. Advices for the future research are the purification needs to be done not only physically but also chemically to maximize the results obtained. Preferably on the reaction of opening the epoxides rings used a long chain alcohol compounds that have a high viscosity and boiling point to obtain a better viscosities value
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/6808
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6808
2018-02-04T12:49:10Z
METANA
Vol 8, No 02 (2012): Desember 2012
EKSPERIMEN PERFORMANCE POMPA AIR DENGAN PENGATURAN SUCTION HEAD
M.Si, Drs. INDARTONO M.Par; PSDIII Teknik Mesin Fak Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/6808
en
The study objectives were: (1). to determine the efficiency of the pump with high and low suction head setting. (2). to know the power consumption saving. (3). To determine pump performance that is widely used by the public. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, D III Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University. The study took 3 (three) of about 6 (six) pump brands as a sample which is traded and used by the public in Semarang. Water flow and electric current data are calculated to determine the pump efficiency data, then analyzed using analysis of variance statistical methods with formula , Mk brands is the mean squared of brands, Mk suction head is the mean square of the suction head, and Mk Dal is the inner mean square. Data analysis result showed that for the suction head with degrees of freedom 22 versus 10, null approach limit is 2.3 at significance level of 5% and 3.26 at significance level of 1%. Thus the hypothesis can not be defended (rejected) because the value of the F from table are far away from generated F. As for inter-brand, with degrees of freedom of 22 versus 2 hypothesis rejection limit is 3.44 for 5% significance level and 5.72 for the 1% level. The result show that for inter-brand, the generated Fo is much larger than Ft,, so the hypothesis are acceptable, it is proved that there is a difference in pump performance and efficiency between one and another pump brands. Installation of pumps will be efficient when the distance of suction head is relatively small and based on the test, Fuji’s pump brand is better than the other 2 (two) pumps. Keywords: Water Pumps, Suction Head and Efficiency
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/35650
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/35650
2021-11-24T14:53:49Z
METANA
Vol 17, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021; 27-34
Optimasi Proses Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Kelapa Murni dengan Bahan Penyalut β-Cyclodextrin
Sapatra, Enrico Fendy; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Paramita, Vita; Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2021-06-06 21:08:58
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/35650
Mikroenkapsulasi; minyak kelapa murni; β-siklodekstrin; spray drying
id
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) atau biasa kita kenal dengan minyak kelapa murni memiliki banyak sekali manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Selain bagus untuk kesehatan kulit, mengonsumsi VCO dapat mencegah dan mengobati penyakit diabetes. Namun terdapat permasalahan dari segi rasa dan tingkat kestabilan ketika harus mengonsumsi VCO secara langsung. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan proses lanjutan berupa pembentukan kompleks inklusi dari minyak kelapa itu sendiri melalui proses mikroenkapsulasi menggunakan spray drying. Bahan penyalut yang digunakan dalam proses mikroenkapsulasi ini adalah β-siklodekstrin. Minyak kelapa murni akan tersalutkan dalam β-siklodekstrin melalui proses film forming. Dalam spray drying variabel bebas untuk optimasi proses yang dilakukan adalah suhu (80°C, 100°C, 120 °C), laju alir (8mL/menit, 10 mL/menit, 12 mL/menit), dan perbandingan jumlah bahan antara β-cyclodekstrin:VCO (1:1, 1,5:1, dan 2:1). Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, massa produk tertinggi dari proses mikroenkapsulasi di spray drying diperoleh dengan kondisi operasi suhu 100°C, laju alir 10 mL/menit, dan perbandingan antara β-cyclodextrin : VCO adalah sebesar 2,0. A Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) or usually known as virgin coconut oil has many benefits for human health. Besides being good for skin health, consuming VCO can prevent and treat diabetes. However, there are problems in terms of taste and level of stability when it comes to consuming VCO directly. Therefore, a further process is needed in the form of the formation of an inclusion complex from coconut oil itself through a microencapsulation process using spray drying. The coating material used in this microencapsulation process is β-cyclodextrin. In spray drying, the independent variables for process optimization are temperature (80°C, 100°C, 120°C), flow rate (8mL/min, 10 mL/min, 12 mL/min), and the ratio of the number of ingredients between β -cyclodextrins: VCO (1: 1, 1,5: 1, and 2: 1). Based on the results obtained, the highest product mass from the microencapsulation process in spray drying was obtained under operating conditions with a temperature of 100° C, a flow rate of 10 mL/min, and the ratio between β-cyclodextrin: VCO is 2:1. maximum 200 word abstract in English in italics with Times New Roman 11 point. Abstract should be clear, descriptive, and should provide a brief overview of the problem studied. Abstract topics include reasons for the selection or the importance of research topics, research methods and a summary of the results. Abstract should end with a comment about the importance of the results or conclusions brief.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/7209
2021-01-15T06:16:52Z
metana:EDT
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7209
2021-01-15T06:16:52Z
METANA
Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
DAFTAR ISI
Kusumayanti, Heny; PSD III TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/7209
en
ISSN 1858 – 2907 VOLUME 9 NO. 01 JULI 2013 HAL 1 - 52 DAFTAR ISI i. PENGANTAR REDAKSIii. DAFTAR ISI PEMBUATAN FILM KOMPOSIT KITOSAN –TAPIOKA : PENGARUH KOMPOSISI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM Nur Rokhati, Bambang Pramudono, I. Nyoman Widiasa 8. PEMANFAATAN MINYAK BIJI RAMI (LINSEED OIL) DAN GLISEROL BY-PRODUCT BIODIESEL UNTUK PEMBUATAN VERNIS ALAMI Sri Sutanti, Sari Purnavita, Herman Yoseph Sriyana 15. PENGENDALIAN MUTU BETON PADA PELAKSANAAN JALAN DENGAN PERKERASAN KAKU Sutanto 23. TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI LIMBAH SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN LEMPONGSARI, KODYA SEMARANG DENGAN KOMPOSER EM-4 Wahyuningsih, Edy Supriyo 28. STUDI PENGARUH METODE PEMBUATAN DAN SUMBER BAHAN BAKU PADA PROSES PRODUKSI KATALIS DARI ZEOLIT ALAM; Widayat, H Satriadi, Achmad Roesyadi, dan H M Rachimoellah 38. CO-COMBUSTION SLUDGE IPAL PLTU TANJUNG JATI B UNIT 1 & 2 DENGAN BATUBARA : TINJAUAN ENERGI TERMAL PEMBAKARAN DAN PENGARUH TERHADAP EMISI SOX DAN SLAGGING PADA BOILER Ragil Darmawan SAC, Nita Aryanti, Danny Soetrisnanto PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI PATI UMBI KIMPUL (Xanthasoma Sagittifolium ); 45. PENGARUH FREKUENSI DAN WAKTU PENCUCIAN BERBANTU ULTRASONIK MENGGUNAKAN ISOPROPANOL TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOMANAN DAN VISKOSITAS TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Lucia Hermawati Rahayu, Dyah Hesti Wardhani, Abdullah Sukaryo, Bakti Jos , Hargono
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/43762
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/43762
2022-11-10T13:46:28Z
METANA
Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Juni 2022; 29-38
Evaluasi Kehilangan Bahan selama Proses Produksi Gondorukem Berdasarkan Analisis Neraca Massa
Dewantoro, Awaly Ilham; Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran
Putri, Selly Harnesa; Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran
2022-06-17 01:55:41
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/43762
Aliran Massa Bahan; Gondorukem; Larutan Getah; PGT Sindangwangi
id
Gondorukem menjadi produk utama dari pengolahan getah pinus yang dikenal sebagai salah satu komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia. Peningkatan permintaan terhadap gondorukem terjadi pada setiap tahunnya karena produk ini banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai sektor industri. Permintaan yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan kapasitas produksi gondorukem perlu ditingkatkan, termasuk pada Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentin (PGT) Sindangwangi yang merupakan pabrik pengolahan getah pinus milik Perum Perhutani. Peningkatan kapasitas produksi secara langsung mempengaruhi kinerja produksi yang meliputi manajemen proses dan desain produksi, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan jumlah kehilangan bahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi jumlah kehilahan bahan yang berupa larutan getah selama proses produksi berlangsung di PGT Sindangwangi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi observasi langsung mengenai tahapan produksi dan pendekatan analisis perhitungan neraca massa sehingga dapat teridentifikasi setiap komponen dalam aliran massa bahan di setiap unit proses. Proses produksi gondorukem di PGT Sindangwangi terdiri dari tiga tahapan utama yang diuraikan ke dalam lima unit proses. Kelima unit proses yang terdiri dari unit penerimaan getah, unit pengenceran, unit pencucian dan pengendapan, unit penampungan, dan unit pemasakan kemudian dianalisis mengenai input dan output aliran massa bahan pada setiap unitnya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan larutan getah yang hilang selama proses produksi gondorukem yaitu sebesar 0,03% dari jumlah bahan baku yang diolah. Angka tersebut memenuhi kriteria jumlah kehilangan bahan yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan yaitu ≤0,50% (per bahan baku yang diolah). Gum rosin is the main product of pine resin processing and known as leading commodities export in Indonesia. The increasing demand for gum rosin occurs every year because this product is widely used in various industry. The increasing demand caused the production capacity to be increased, including PGT Sindangwangi which is one of pine resin processing owned by Perum Perhutani. Increased production capacity affected to production performance its consist to process management and production design, especially related to material losses. This study aims to evaluate the amount of material losses in the form of pine gum solution during production processes in PGT Sindangwangi. Research methods deployed direct observation on production process and an analytical approach of mass balance calculation its could be identified material composition on each mass flow. Production processes at PGT Sindangwangi consist to three main stages processes then divided into five process units. The five units consist to pine sap receiving unit, dilution unit, settling unit, shelter unit, and distillation unit were then analysed based on material mass flow inputs and outputs in each unit. The results of analysis showed the amount of material losess during gum rosin production process is 0.03% of raw materials. The value was qualified to company criteria about an amount of material losses about ≤0,50% (per raw materials amount).
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/9774
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9774
2018-02-04T12:46:24Z
METANA
Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014; 25-33
FUNGSI KURVA BONJEAN PADA PELUNCURAN KAPAL SECARA END LAUNCHING
Cahyo, Indro Cahyo; PSD III Teknik Perkapalan, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2014-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/9774
en
Abstract To build a ship in "Building Berth" has been completed and then proceed with the launch of the ship. Before the launch of the ship is quite ready, it is better to calculate the ship program launches etc. Launched ship calculations using "Bonjean Curve". Using bonjean curve can calculate the volume of displacement with several designs, they are in equilibrium vessel trim condition. So as to anticipate some of the problems in the slipway. Keywords : Launching and Bonjean Curves Abstrak Membangun sebuah kapal di “Building Berth”jika sudah selesai dan dilakukan proses peluncuran kapal. Sebelum kapal siap diluncurkan,dilakukan perhitunganpeluncuran kapal dll. Perhitungan peluncuran kapal dengan menggunakan “Bonjean Curve”. Penggunaan kurva bonjean utuk menghitung volume displacement dengan beberapa desain, kondisi ini kapal berada pada keseimbangan stabil. Untuk mengantisipasi permasalahan yang timbul pada slipway. Kata kunci : Launching dan Bonjean Curves
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/12576
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12576
2018-02-04T12:45:11Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK MAKANAN PENDAMPING ASI TERFORTIFIKASI PREBIOTIK DARI TEPUNG UMBI PORANG (AMORPHOPHALLUS ONCOPHYLLUS) TERFERMENTASI
Wardhani, Dyah Hesti; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
FIrfandy, Fauzan; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
Meiliana, Winda Tria; Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Telp/Fax: (024)7460058
2015-07-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/12576
Abstrak Pemberian asupan gizi yang baik sangat vital bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) diberikan kepada bayi umur 4 sampai 24 bulan. Prebiotik memiliki fungsi penting bagi kesehatan bayi antara lain meningkatkan jumlah bifidobacteria dan lactobacilli yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen, meningkatkan daya tahan, dan membantu penyerapan makanan menjadi lebih baik. Salah satu sumber prebiotik yang berpotensi diproduksi di Indonesia adalah manooligosakariada (MOS). MOS didapatkan melalui fermentasi glukomannan yang banyak terkandung pada umbi porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari efek penambahan tepung porang hasil fermentasi terhadap karakteristik MP-ASI. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penambahan tepung porang terfermentasi meningkatkan densitas kamba, daya serap air, viskositas, dan swelling power bubuk bubur bayi. Waktu fermentasi berpengaruh positif terhadap densitas kamba dan daya serap air namun menurunkan viskositas dan swelling power. Nilai proksimat tepung bubur bayi yang memiliki sifat fisik paling mendekati tepung bubur bayi komersial (rasio 60% tepung porang terfermentasi 3 hari dan 10% tepung beras merah) belum memenuhi KepMenKesRI no. 224/Menkes/SK/II/2007. Bubuk bubur bayi rasio ini mempunyai kadar protein 2.24%, lemak 0.67%, air 13.13%, karbohidrat 66,82 %, dengan nilai energi sebesar 536 kkal. Hasil ini menunjukan bubuk bubur hasil masih perlu dimodifikasi agar memenuhi standar. Kata kunci: fermentasi, glukomannan, MP-ASI, porang, prebiotik, sifat fisik Abstract Providing an excellent nutrition is very cruisial for the growth and development of children. Weaning foods are given to infants aged 4 to 24 months. Prebiotics have important functions for the health of infants, including increasing the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli which suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, increasing immun system, and helps better food absorption. One potential source of prebiotic which is anable to be produced in Indonesia is manooligosakariada (MOS). MOS has potential to be produced in Indonesia through fermentation of glucomannan, a major compound of porang tuber (Amorphophallus Spp). Hence, the objective of this research was to study the physical characteristisc of weaning foods fortified with fermented porang flour. The fortification improved bulk density, water absorption, viscosity and swelling power of the weaning foods. Fermentation period had a positive impact on bulk density dan water absorption, however, reduced viscosity and swelling power. The proximat of the weaning food at ratio 60% of 3-day fermented porang and 10% brown rice had not met KepMenKesRI no. 224/Menkes/SK/II/2007 yet. This weaning food which contained 2.24% protein, 0.67% fat, 13.13% water, 66,82% carbohydrate, 536 kkal was still required further composition modification. Keywords: fermentation, glucomannan, weaning food, porang, prebiotic, physical properties
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/51797
2023-06-17T15:05:38Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/51797
2023-06-17T15:05:38Z
METANA
Vol 19, No 1 (2023): Juni 2023; 44-52
Pretreatment of Used Cooking Oil Using Avocado Seed Adsorbent for Biodiesel Production Preparation
Dali, Nasriadi; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University
Dali, Seniwati; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University
Chairunnas, Armadi; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Nahdlatul 'Ulama Southeast Sulawesi
Amalia, Hilda Ayu Melvi; Tadris Biology Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Kendari
Puspitasari, Sri Ayu Andini; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Halu Oleo University
2023-06-17 15:04:56
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/51797
adsorption; avocado seed activated charcoal; free fatty acids (FFA); biodiesel; used cooking oil (UCO)
en
Used cooking oil (UCO) can be used as raw material for biodiesel production, but its free fatty acid (FFA) content is still quite high, so it is necessary to do pretreatment in the form of an adsorption process to reduce FFA levels. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions for the adsorption process and determine FFA levels of UCO before and after pretreatment. The adsorbent used is avocado seed activated charcoal, because it has a surface area of 19.62 m2/g. The larger the surface area of the adsorbent material, the greater the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. Optimization of the UCO adsorption process includes variations in adsorbent mass (6, 8, 10 g), adsorbent particle size (60, 100, 140 mesh), contact time (2, 6, 10 hours), and temperature (60, 80, 100oC). The results showed that the optimum conditions for adsorption of UCO were obtained at mass (10 g), particle size (100 mesh), contact time (6 h), and temperature (80oC). This condition can reduce the FFA content of UCO by 71.64% (w/w), from 5.29% (w/w) to 1.50% (w/w). The FFA content of UCO [1.50% (w/w)] produced after pretreatment was qualified as a raw material for the preparation of biodiesel production through the transesterification stage.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1648
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1648
2022-05-18T01:41:08Z
METANA
Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
PEMBERDAYAAN INDUSTRI KECIL KERIPIK PISANG DALAM UPAYA MENUJU INDUSTRI MANDIRI
Pudjihastuti, Isti; FT UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Supriyo, Edy; FT UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Hartati, Retno; FPIK Universitas Diponegoro
2021-11-11 07:18:56
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1648
en
Abstract The development of micro industries, in banana chip micro industry to the member of group which is culinary enterprise Pemalang speciallized is give suitable solution to consument for giving natural culinary with high nutrition value independently and cheap.The development of micro industries is circular activity that consist of briefing about the use of gelatse system in banana chip production by naturally and independently, the suitable tachnique of banana chip production, production of furnace completely by steack as pilot plan, assitancy when the producer makes snack in gelatse system. Moreover, the taste of snack more delicious, the market bigger.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/14757
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14757
2018-02-04T12:44:16Z
METANA
Vol 11, No 02 (2015): Desember 2015
PENGELOLAAN LABORATORIUM KIMIA
Vendamawan, Rico; Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan D III Teknik Kimia
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
2015-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/14757
Abstrak Pemahaman tentang pengelolaan laboratorium sangat penting untuk dimiliki oleh pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan laboratorium, baik secara langsung maupun tidak. Laboratorium harus dikelola dan di manfaatkan dengan baik, karena Laboratorium kimia merupakan salah satu jenis laboratorium yang dianggap cukup berbahaya dalam rangka pelaksanaan pendidikan, penelitian, dan/atau pengabdian kepada masyarakat.Menyadari tugas, wewenang dan fungsinya Pranata Laboratorium akan mendapatkan efisiensi kerja yang maksimal. Mengelola Laboratorium dengan baik, adalah menjadi tujuan utama, sehingga semua pekerjaan yang dilakukan dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Selain itu sesama Pranata Laboratorium harus ada kerjasama yang baik, dan selalu berkomunikasi dengan Pranata Laboratorium yang lain, sehingga setiap kesulitan dapat dipecahkan/diselesaikan bersama. Pranata laboratorium yang memiliki kemampuan dan keterampilan yang baik harus dapat ditingkatkan kualitasnya, dapat diperoleh melalui pendidikan tambahan sebagai pendidikan keterampilan khusus, penataran (workshop) maupun magang dan sebagainya. Sehingga diharapkan semua Pranata Laboratorium dapat berperan secara aktif dan bertanggung jawab atas semua kegiatan operasional di laboratoriumnya. Kata Kunci : Laboratorium Kimia, Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan Abstract An understanding of laboratory management is very important to be owned by the parties related to the laboratory, either directly or indirectly. Laboratories must be managed and utilized properly, because the chemical laboratory is one of the laboratories that are considered quite dangerous in the context of the implementation of education, research, and / or community service.Recognizing the duties, powers and functions Institution Laboratory will obtain maximum working efficiency. Laboratory manages well, is the main goal, so that all work can be done smoothly. Besides other Institutions Laboratory should be good cooperation, and always communicate with another Institutions Laboratory, so that any difficulties can be solved / resolved together. Institutions laboratory that have the ability to be a good skill must be improved, can be obtained through additional education as a special education skills, refresher courses (workshops) as well as internships and so on. So expect all Institutions laboratory can actively participate and is responsible for all operational activities in each laboratory. Key Words: Laboratory of Chemical, Laboratory Education
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1723
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1723
2018-02-04T15:05:26Z
METANA
Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
PENGARUH KANDUNGAN SULFAT TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON
Purba, Parhimpunan; Jurusan Teknik Sipil PSD III, UNDIP
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1723
en
Abstract Compressive strength is one of the important mechanical characteristic that it can indicates the concrete performance. One of the important material in concrete making is water. Water have .function as mixing material and treatment material. Water may not contain substrat that harm of concrete. This research is intended to know the influence of sulphate in the water both of as mixing material or treatment material. From this research indicates that the sulphate ion in the water most influence to concrete pressure strength. Key word : Compressive strength, concrete, sulphate, water cement ratio, treatment
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/18013
2020-04-17T20:20:32Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18013
2020-04-17T20:20:32Z
METANA
Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017; 49-54
Studi Pengaruh Penambahan Penambahan Berbagai Starter Pada Susu Kacang Fermentasi Terhadap Sifat Fisik Susu
Pradipta, Tito; Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
Paramita, Vita; Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknologi Industri, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro
2017-12-01 00:00:00
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/18013
susu fermentasi; sterilisasi; autoclave; kacang polong; fermentation milk; sterilization; autoclave; pea
id
Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh volume penambahan susu kacang polong terhadap yoghurt susu sapi dengan variabel penambahan susu kacang polong 0ml, 10ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40ml dengan perbedaan jenis starter (Lactobacillus burgaricus, starter bubuk, yoghurt plain) dan lama waktu penyimpanan. Analisa yang dilakukan meliputi uji viskositas, uji ph, dan uji organoleptik. Dari hasil penelitian didapat viskositas tertinggi (16,5 cP) dengan menggunakan starter Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan perbandingan volume antara susu skim dan kacang polong sebesar 9:1, pada hari pengamatan ke-14. Study of the Addition of Addition of Various Starter on Fermented Dairy on Physical of Milk This work studied the addition of milk peas to cow milk yoghurt. The variables of milk peas addition were 0ml, 10ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40ml with difference type of starter (i.e. Lactobacillus burgaricus, starter powder, yoghurt plain) and storage time. The viscosity test, ph-test, and organoleptic test were performed to analyze the yoghurt. The highest viscosity was found at yoghurt with starter addition of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and milk and peanut ratio of 9:1, after 14 days storage.
oai:ojs.ejournal.undip.ac.id:article/1858
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
metana:ART
v2
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1858
2018-02-04T15:06:10Z
METANA
Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
Alternator Fasa Tiga 12 Volt Untuk Praktik di Laboratorium
Yuwono, Teguh
url:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/metana/article/view/1858
en
Abstract Performing an equipment to train the skille area student of costly adequate 3 phase alternator encumbering enough. so that student fulled the requimen learn skilled of encumbering of 3 phase alternator, need there is solution of levying of unit the skilled alternator 3 phase. One of the way is make by self, modifying car alternator become the 3 phase alternator. Keryord: emf alternator