Micro Structure in Shinzo Abe's Policy Speech at the 195th Assembly Meeting (Critical Discourse of Teun A. van Dijk)

Shinzo Abe's speech is known to have the power to influence people's views. In addition, Abe also often uses metaphors and rhetoric in his speeches. The choice of words in his speech is also interesting to study in terms of discourse analysis.Speech is a way of expressing ideas in the form of words or discourse that is prepared to be spoken in front of the audience. Speech contains a message that is tailored to the situation when the orator delivers the speech. In addition to the message to be conveyed, the ideology and thoughts of an orator are also reflected in his speech. Therefore, an orator must have expertise in delivering his speech.This research aims to determine the purpose and background of the Shinzo Abe Policy Speech at the 195th Session of Diet. Abe delivered the speech after he was re-elected as Prime Minister of Japan after the general election on October 22, 2017.Researcher used the critical discourse analysis of Teun A. van Dijk's model to dissect the ideology contained in the speech to focus on text analysis. Based on the results of this research, it can be interpreted implicit meanings in the text through linguistic elements, such as tematic, skematic, semantic, sintaxs, stilistic, and retoric.


Introduction
Shinzo Abe is the nineteenth prime minister in Japan. He was first elected prime minister in 2006 and then resigned in 2007. Five years later Shinzo Abe was elected prime minister of Japan with an economic program called Abenomics. The program was praised for being able to lift the Japanese economy back with easy monetary policy. In 2017 Shinzo Abe was re-elected for the next three years to lead Japan.
Abe in his speech when he was reelected as Prime Minister of Japan brought national issues that were developing in Japan. Following is one of the fragments delivered by Abe in his speech: 緊迫する北朝鮮情勢、急速に進 む少子高齢化。今、我が国は、 正に国難とも呼ぶべき課題に直 面しています。国民の信任なく して、この国難を乗り越えるこ とはできません。 Japan now faces a problem that should really be called a national crisis -an increasingly tense situation around North Korea; a rapidly aging society and declining birth rates. Without public trust, it cannot overcome this national crisis.
The speech delivered by Abe at the 195th Assembly meeting described the issues that were developing in Japan. In the fragment of the speech above, Abe mentioned what issues were problems in Japan at this time and even he called it a national crisis. Abe was aware that national issues which were Japan's problems could not be solved only by him and his government ranks. Abe in the fragment of the speech above gives the codes in the sentence: Kokumin no shinnin nakushite, kono kokunan o norikoeru koto wa dekimasen (Without public trust, it cannot overcome this national crisis). The code contains an invitation that Abe and his government invite all Japanese people to jointly overcome the problem.Previous research of this type was Hidayat's research in the journal Metalingua (2014) which discussed the use of metaphors in Shinzo Abe's speech. This study tries to develop previous research, by discussing the microstructure not limited to metaphors, but other elements in speech.
A discourse is not seen and understood only as the study of language alone, but is also related to the context. A discourse is seen as having a background in the production process and goals to be achieved. The discourse develops in society and represents issues that occur in the social sphere. That is why through the analysis of critical discourse will be revealed language matters and outside the language in a discourse.
Researchers in this study analyzed Micro Structure in Shinzo Abe's Policy Speech at the 195th Assembly Meeting by using the theory of critical discourse analysis, Teun A. van Dijk's model. This research is a library research. Limitation of the problem that will be examined in this study is the analysis of critical discourse using the theory of Teun A. van Dijk and the problem examined in the form of micro structures in the text. Discourse is a structured event that is manifested in linguistic (or other) items while the text is a structured linguistic expression that forms a coherent or unitary whole (Edmenson, 1981: 4). Discourse theory is used to understand social phenomena as constructing discourse because in principle all social phenomena can be analyzed using discourse analysis tools. The whole idea of discourse theory is that social phenomena are never finished or complete. Meaning can never be fixed and this kind of thing can open the way to continuous social struggle to get a definition of society and social identity.
Discourse is the most complete language unit; in grammatical hierarchy is the highest or largest grammatical unit. This discourse is realized in the form of a complete composition (novels, books, encyclopedia series, etc.), paragraphs, sentences or words that carry a complete mandate (Kridalaksana, 1984: 208). Discourse according to Minami (in Hinata, 1988: 1), namely : 'A few sentences (not a single one) if seen in general will form several units of linguistic expressions, by not questioning spoken or written language.' Van Dijk (1988: 24) states that discourse analysis is an ambiguous concept. Discourse analysis is used to show a new discipline, one of which is studying texts and speech or the use of language from all possible perspectives. In addition, discourse analysis refers to the method and theoretical approach to language and language use. In this sense can also be defined as analysis of objects, discourse, text, messages, talks, dialogue, or conversation. In general, linguistics, especially grammar, usually only focuses on the structure of abstract sentences and considers discourse as an aspect of the actual use of language.

Methods
In this study the authors used a descriptive qualitative research method that is research conducted to describe, describe a phenomenon that is happening today by using scientific procedures to answer the problem in fact.

Data Provision
The data collection technique used in this research is the listening method, which uses the tapping technique as a basic technique and a free and engaging interview technique and the note-taking technique as an advanced technique. The data source for this research is primary data and secondary data. The primary data in this study is the speech of Shinzo Abe in the 195th Assembly meeting taken from the official website of the Japanese government, www.japan.kantei.go.jp.

Data Analysis
The research method used in this study uses the intralingual and extralingual equivalent method. Mahsun (2007: 118) argues that the intralingual equivalent method is an analytical method by linking lingual elements, both in one language and in several different languages. While the extralingual equivalent method is an analysis method that is extralingual, such as linking language problems with things that are outside of language (Mahsun, 2007: 120).
In general, the focus of data analysis in this study is the analysis of text, social cognition and social context. To analyze the text the authors describe the text on macro structure, superstructure, and microstructure. Macro structure concerns the theme to be said. The superstructure concerns how an opinion is organized and arranged. The micro structure concerns the meaning of opinions to be conveyed, how opinions are expressed, the choice of words used and in what way opinions are conveyed. Then social cognition and social context are analyzed through literature study and historical search.The researcher first understands the topic and subtopic of the speech and relates it to the context that occurred when the speech was delivered. Then the researchers divided the speech into an opening, content, and closing a framework. After that, the elements contained in the microstructure are marked for analysis.

Analysis Result
In this study, the results of data analysis are presented using informal presentation methods. Kesuma (2007: 73) states that the presentation of the results of data analysis informally is the presentation of the results of data analysis using ordinary words.

Classification of Discourse
According to Mulyana (2005: 51), based on the delivery media, the discourse can be divided into two, namely: a) Written discourse is a type of discourse that is conveyed through writing. Various forms of discourse can actually be presented or realized through writing. Until now, writing is still a very effective and efficient medium for conveying various ideas, insights, knowledge, or anything that can represent human creativity; b) Spoken discourse is a type of discourse delivered verbally or directly in verbal language. This type of discourse is often referred to as speech or utterance.
Based on the number of speakers, discourse can be grouped into two, namely: a) Monologue discourse is a type of discourse spoken by one person. Generally, monologue discourse does not want and does not provide time allocation for the response of the listener or reader. The speech is one-way, namely from the speaker. Some forms of monologue discourse, among others, are speeches, poetry readings, Friday sermons, news readings and so on; b) Dialogue discourse is a type of discourse spoken by two or more people. This type of discourse can be written or oral.
Based on its nature, discourse can be classified into two, namely: a) Fictional discourse is a discourse whose form and contents are oriented to the imagination. The language adheres to connotative, analogical and multiinterpretable streams. Generally, the appearance and taste of the language is literally or aesthetically (beautifully) packaged. Fiction discourse can be divided into three types, namely: prose discourse, poetry discourse, and drama discourse; b) Nonfiction discourse is also called scientific discourse. This type of discourse is delivered with scientific patterns and ways that can be justified. The language used is denotative, IZUMI, Volume 9 No 1, 2020, [Page | 14] e-ISSN: 2502-3535, p-ISSN: 2338-249X Available online at: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/izumi straightforward and clear. The aesthetic aspect is no longer the main goal. In general the delivery does not ignore the grammatical rules of the language in question. Some examples of nonfiction discourse include research reports, lecture material books, instructions for operating an airplane, and so on.

Critical Discourse Analysis
Teun A. van Dijk put forward a theory about discourse analysis which is often called "social coginition". According to him the text of a discourse can not be considered as an empty text, but rather sought how the text is produced, because the text is formed from the practice of discourse, a practice of discourse. Teun A. van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model is divided into three dimensions, namely: Text, Social Cognition, and Social Context. The following is a description of the discourse analysis of the Teun A. van Dijk model.
In his analysis Van Dijk divides the structure of the text into three parts. Where the three parts are interconnected and support each other. All three are macro structure, superstructure, and micro structure. First, the macro structure is a general picture implied through themes in a discourse. Second, the superstructure is the part where the discourse is divided into several parts forming it. Third, discourse is examined from the smallest parts, namely: the words, sentences, propositions, clauses, paraphrases and images. The following table describes the structure of the text according to Van Dijk.
The Observed Thing Element

Macro Structure Thematic
Themes or topics put forward in a news. Topic

Superstructure Schematic
How news sections and sequences are embedded in a full text.

Micro Structure Semantics
The meaning to be emphasized in the news text. For example, by giving details on one side or making one side explicit and reducing the other side's details.

Syntax
How the sentence (form, order) is chosen.

Sentences, Coherence, pronouns
Stylistic What is the choice of words used in the news text.

Rhetorical
How and by way of emphasis is done.

Background
The setting determines the meaning of the audience to be taken to where by the orator. Therefore, the orator sometimes does not explicitly display the intent of the text. The following is the data on the Policy Speech by Prime Minister Shinzo "Japan now faces a problem that can be called a national crisis, namely an increasingly tense situation with North Korea; population aging and decline in birth rates. Without public trust, this national crisis will not be overcome." The data above is the opening speech that Abe delivered before MPs. He argued that national crisis has hit Japan. This opinion is supported by three factors underlying the national crisis, namely the situation with North Korea, aging of the population and the decline in birth rates. The intention to be conveyed by Abe is that he wants the Japanese people to see the three problems above as a common threat and to trust them to resolve the national crisis. This is reinforced by the next sentence, namely the Kokumin no shinnin nakushite sentence, kono kokunan wo norikoeru koto wa dekimasen 'Without public trust, this national crisis would not have been overcome. '

Details
The details element discusses which parts are described in full and which parts are described less by an orator. Information favorable to the orator will be displayed in full along with supporting facts. The Policy Speech by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe at the 195th Parliament Meeting aimed at presenting the policies adopted by Abe as prime minister. This presentation was made before a new member of parliament after the election in October. Therefore, matters relating to achievements and policies are presented in great detail by Abe.
この五年間、アベノミクス「改 革の矢」を放ち続け、雇用は百 八 十五万人増加しました。 この春、大学を卒業した皆さん の就職率 は過去最高です。 この二年間で正規雇用は七十九 万人増え、正社員の有効求人倍 率は、調査開始以来、初めて、 一倍を超えました。 "In the last 5 years, I have always promoted Abenomics which has made employment increase to 1.85 million people. This spring, the rate of job seekers for graduate students has risen the most in history. In the last two years, regular workers have increased by 790,000 people, then the ratio of job vacancies for permanent employees has increased for the first time since the survey began. " In discussing population aging and decreasing birth rates, Abe opened it by presenting the economic achievements he had achieved while leading Japan five years back through his program entitled Abenomics. Abenomics is a program that Abe has brought since he campaigned and began to be implemented in 2013. This program focuses on the recovery of the Japanese economy affected by deflation for more than two decades. In data 3-15 Abe conveyed details in the form of an increase in job vacancies which increased 1.85 million people, regular workers increased by 790,000 people and an increase in the ratio of permanent employment. Through these details, Abe intends to convey to the audience that the program he planned to get positive results. In addition to having a positive impact on the economy, Abe wants to convey that increasing job openings will be able to overcome population problems in Japan.
待機児童解消を目指す安倍内閣 の決意は揺るぎません。本年六 月に策定した「子育て安心プラ ン」を前倒しし、二〇二〇年度 までに三十二万人分の受け皿整 備を進めます。 IZUMI, Volume 9 No 1, 2020, [Page | 16] e-ISSN: 2502-3535, p-ISSN: 2338-249X Available online at: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/izumi "The cancellation of the plan to postpone having children is an unwavering goal of Abe's cabinet. We are accelerating the "Childcare Peace Serenity Program" which was formulated last June, until 2020 there are around 320.00 people who will receive the program. " In the data above, Abe shows the calmness of childcare programs, as a response to the decline in the birth rates. The program is aimed at parents so as not to delay having children. In the data above there are details that lie in the target recipient of the program, namely in the sentence "until 2020 there are around 320.00 people who will receive the program". Through details in the form of targets in his program, Abe wanted to show the image that with the planned program he was serious in resolving population problems in Japan, specifically the decline in birth rates.

二〇二〇年代初頭までに五十万 人分の介護の受け皿を整備する。 その大きな目標に向かって、介 護人材確保への取組を強化しま す。 他の産業との賃金格差を なくしていくため、更なる処遇 改善を進めていきます。
"Until the beginning of fiscal 2020 we will receive treatment programs for 500,000 people. For the sake of this great aim, we will strengthen efforts in ensuring nursing staff. Eliminating the wage gap with other industries, we will further improve innovation. " Not only a decrease in birth rates. Japan also faces an increasing number of elderly people. Seeing this condition in data 3-17 Abe made a program aimed at the elderly population. In the data above there are details that indicate the target to be achieved by Abe in the field of care, which is 500,000 people. Through the details shown Abe wants to portray that he cares about the quality of life that must be received by the elderly by organizing a treatment program. In addition, he also touched on the discussion of plans to increase the wages of nursing staff. But Abe did not tell in detail about the discussion.

Mean
The intent element is almost the same as the detail element. The detailed element departs from the appearance of factual information. Meanwhile, the element of intent sees whether the text is explicitly conveyed or not, whether the facts are presented naked or not.
(1) 北朝鮮の核、ミサイルの 問題、そして拉致問題を解決す る。北朝鮮にその政策を変更さ せなければならない。そのため に、国際社 会と共に、北朝鮮 への圧力を一層強化してまいり ます。 "We will solve the North Korean nuclear problem, the missile problem and the kidnapping problem. We must make North Korea change its policy. For this reason, with the international community, we will further strengthen the pressure on North Korea. " In sentence (1) Abe stressed he would solve the North Korean problem with the international community. Sentence (2) Abe explicitly displays the community referred to in sentence (1). Japan as one of the APEC members and the East Asia Summit used the meeting to discuss the problems that existed on the Korean peninsula. The above statement Abe shows explicitly in the form of cooperation and meetings with leaders of other countries, especially the President of Russia and the President of China in dealing with problems with North Korea.
北朝鮮による挑発がエスカレー トする中にあって、あらゆる事 態に備え、強固な日米同盟の下、 具体的行動を取っていく。ミサ イル防衛体制をはじめとする我 が国防衛力を強化し、国民の命 と平 和な暮らしを守るため、 最善を尽くしてまいります。 "When provocation by North Korea escalates, we will take concrete actions under a strong Japan-US alliance in preparation for any situation. We will do our best to strengthen our defense capabilities, including the missile defense system to protect the lives and peaceful lives of our people. " The data above explains that North Korea will still provoke through the missile test they launched. Through the data above, the intention to be conveyed by Abe is a firm stand against North Korea's provocation. Japan, which is in alliance with the United States will jointly fight North Korea in the event of a dangerous situation. Not only that Abe will improve the defense system by preparing missiles, as a form of protection for Japanese society.
幼児教育の無償化を一気に進め ます。二〇二〇年度までに、三 歳から五歳まで、全ての子ども たちの幼稚園や保育園の費用を 無償化します。〇歳から二歳児 も、所得の低い世帯では無償化 します。 "I will at the same time continue free early education. Until fiscal 2020, the cost of PAUD and TK education will be made free for all children aged three to five years. Likewise I will make it free for children aged zero to two years who come from low-income families. " In the data above Abe gave a statement that he would provide free education for early childhood. This statement is contained in the sentence Youji kyouiku no mushouka wo ikkini susumemasu 'I will at the same time continue free early education'. In the following sentence Abe explicitly informs the level of free education for an early age. By informing this kind, Abe wanted to convey to young couples not to delay having children, because the government will fund their education from zero to five years.

Prejudice
Presuppositions can also be referred to as presuppositions. Presupposition comes by giving statements that are considered reliable and therefore do not need to be questioned. In a speech delivered by Abe, the statement was found in a statement regarding the planned policy that would be carried out. IZUMI, Volume 9 No 1, 2020, [Page | 18] e-ISSN: 2502-3535, p-ISSN: 2338-249X Available online at: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/izumi 人工知能、ロボット、ＩｏＴ。 生産性を劇的に押し上げるイノ ベーションを実現し、世界に胎 動する「生産性革命」を牽引し ていく。 "Through artificial intelligence, robots, and the Internet of Things (IoT), we will achieve innovations that dramatically increase productivity, driving the" productivity revolution "that has begun to occur throughout the world." The data above is a statement made by Abe regarding the productivity revolution. The statement is presupposed in the sentence Seisansei wo gekiteki ni oshiageru inobeeshon wo jitsugenshi 'we will achieve innovations that dramatically increase productivity'. The presupposition addresses Abe's presupposition regarding increasing productivity based on the premise of the factors causing innovation, namely artificial intelligence, robots and the Internet of Thing (IoT).

大胆な税制、予算、規制改革。 あらゆる施策を総動員すること で、四年連続の賃金アップの勢 いを更に力強いものとし、デフ レから の脱却を確実(かくじつ) なものとしてまいります
"Through bold reforms to the tax, budget and regulatory systems, we will mobilize all possible policies and actions to further intensify the strength of four consecutive years of rising wages and ensure that we withdraw from deflation." The data above shows the presumption in the form of Abe's expectations regarding Japan's economic situation to escape deflation. This presumption is contained in the sentence defure kara no dakkyaku wo kakujitsuna monotoshite mairimasu 'ensuring that we withdraw from deflation'. This presumption is based on the premise of discussing reforms to the tax system, budget and regulations that Abe will carry out.

Sentence Form
The form of sentences is not only a technical issue of grammatical truth, but determines the meaning formed by the sentence structure. The use of active sentences in the speech Abe conveyed placed himself and the Japanese government as subjects of his achievements and policies. Meanwhile, the use of passive sentences gives the impression that he and the government are the ones who accept responsibility from the people.

「安定的な政治基盤の下で、政 策を、ひたすらに実行せよ。」 これが、総選挙で示された国民 の意思であります。
"Fully carry out policies based on political stability" this is the will of the public which is demonstrated through elections. " In the data above there is a passive sentence that is indicated in the verbal clause sousenkyou de shimesareta 'indicated by general election'. By using passive sentences as clauses in the data above, Abe wants to convey to MPs that there is a great responsibility given to them, namely the implementation of the policies they make.
被災地の復興を一層加速するた め、今後とも、生業(なりわい) の復興、心の復興を力強く支援 してまいります。 IZUMI, Volume 9 No 1, 2020, [Page | 19] e-ISSN: 2502-3535, p-ISSN: 2338-249X Available online at: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/izumi "In order to accelerate the recovery of areas affected by disasters, we always support livelihood recovery and psychological recovery." In the data above the sentence is the active sentence in the verb 'accelerate' and shieshitemairimasu 'support'. The data above places the government as the subject, which directly displays the attitude of responsibility for disaster recovery. The disaster recovery in this case is the earthquake and tsunami that occurred in the Tohoku region in 2011 ago.

Coherence
Coherence is a relationship or intertwining, or sentence in a text. Can easily be observed among them from the conjunctions (conjunctions) used to connect facts.

全身全霊を傾け、国民の負託に 応えていくことを、この議場に いる自由民主党及び公明党の連 立与党の諸君と共に、国民の皆 様にお誓い申し上げます。
"I promise that together with the members of the ruling coalition in the liberal democrats and the komeito in this room will fulfill the people's mandate with all their souls." In the data above there are two words that are connected using the y and 'oyobi conjunctions. The two words are shown in the words jiyuminshutou 'LDP' and koumeitou 'komeito party'. The two words use the oyobi conjunction because they are interconnected and supportive of the next sentence which discusses the fulfillment of the people's mandate.

Pronouns
The pronoun element is an element for manipulating language by creating an imaginative community. Pronouns are tools used by communicators to indicate where a person is in the discourse.
お約束した政策を一つひとつ実 行に移し、結果を出していく。 全身全霊を傾け、国民の負託に 応えていくことを、この議場に いる自由民主党及び公明党の連 立与党の諸君と共に、国民の皆 様にお誓い申し上げます。 "One by one we will make the policy transition we promised and produce results. I promise that together with the members of the ruling coalition in the liberal democrat party and the komeito in this room will fulfill the mandate of all the people with all their souls. " In the data above there is the use of the pronoun minasama 'all' attached to the word kokumin 'citizen'. Adding the same suffix to the word mina is a gesture of respect that Abe wants to show to his people. Where the statement above Abe promised to fulfill his mandate as Prime Minister. Therefore, the use of the pronoun minasama by Abe means that the Japanese people are like superiors who should be respected.
私たちは、なぜ政権を失ったの か、痛切に反省し、国民の皆様 の声に、耳を傾けるところから、 スタートしました。全国各地で ミニ集会を行い、国民の皆様か らの厳しい声を糧に、「政策」 を鍛え上げました。 "We began by pondering intensely, and listening to the voices of the people regarding, why we lost control of the government. We hold small meetings at locations throughout the country and thoroughly build our policy by paying attention to the strong comments we receive from the public. " In the data above there is the pronoun watashitachi 'we' which Abe uses in expressing his opinion. Abe uses these pronouns to represent the LDP and Koumeito, where in the data above it is explained that the two parties together went to the people to develop policies. With the use of the plural watashitachi in expressing his opinion, Abe wanted to show solidarity between the two parties and the Japanese people.

Stylistics
Stylistics focuses on the lexicon, which is an element that indicates how an orator chooses words from the possibilities available. In Abe's speech delivered before MPs, he used a lot of vocabulary related to the theme of his speech. Here are some data that show the use of the vocabulary.

今、我が国を取り巻く安全保障 環境は、戦後、最も厳しいと言 っても過言ではありません。国 民の信任を背景に、積極的な外 交政策を展開してまいります。
"It's no exaggeration to say that the security environment that now surrounds Japan is the most severe in postwar history. Based on the people's trust, I will be proactive in building foreign policy. " In the data above Abe uses the word wagakuni to refer to Japanese mention. Wagakuni is derived from the word watashi no kuni 'our country'. The use of the word in the speech Abe delivered showed his sense of ownership of Japan to his people.
In addition to the word wagakuni, in the data above there is the word kokumin which is a word that Abe mentioned in his speech several times. Kokumin means citizens. The use of the word kokumin in his speech to show that every policy made by Abe is always based on the interests of citizens.

被災地の復興を一層加速するた め、今後とも、生業(なりわい) の復興、心の復興を力強く支援 してまいります。
"In order to accelerate the recovery of areas affected by disasters, we always support livelihood recovery and psychological recovery." In the data above there is the word nariwai which means livelihood. In ancient times, the word nariwai referred to livelihoods related to agriculture, but as the nariwai era changed, it changed meaning to work that was able to fulfill life. The choice of this word was motivated by the progress of the restoration of agricultural land and ports in Fukushima.

Graphic
At the Policy Speech by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe at the 195th Parliamentary Meeting graphic elements can be found through the use of parentheses " 「 」 " to indicate the important thing that Abe wants to convey. ＥＵとの経済連携協定が、四年 以上に及ぶ粘り強い交渉の末、 大枠合意に達しました。人口六 億人、世界のＧＤＰの三割を占 める巨大な経済圏。アベノミク スの「新しいエンジン」です。 "As a result of more than four years of tenacious negotiations, we have reached an agreement with the EU regarding the basic elements of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). EPA will create a huge economic zone with a population of 600 million people which accounts IZUMI, Volume 9 No 1, 2020, [Page | 21] e-ISSN: 2502-3535, p-ISSN: 2338-249X Available online at: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/izumi for 30 percent of global GDP. This is a "new engine" under Abenomics. " In the data above there is a word (atarashii engine) given in parentheses. Atarashii engine means "new machine", where this word refers to the program Abe brought, namely Abenomics. Abe as the orator and Prime Minister uses the word "new engine" to give the impression of renewal to the Abenomics program. Abe made an agreement with the European Union to convince Japanese public. Not only that, the use of the word to indicate the title of Abe's policy is the renewal of the Abenomics program to increase GDP.
In addition to the use of parentheses, there are also graphical elements using the repetition of a word, such as the following data.

政策の実行、実行、そして実行 あるのみであります。
"The task before us is none other than implementation, implementation, and implementation of policies." In the data above there are repetitions shown by the word Jikkou 'implementation'. The data is contained in the concluding section of the speech Abe delivered. The use of repetition in the word to show a very important thing, namely the implementation of a policy. Where this emphasis is addressed to the government and parliamentarians.

Metaphor
Metaphorical elements are used as ornaments or spices in conveying messages. An orator uses figures of speech and phrases to be used as the main guide for understanding a text.
女性が輝く社会、お年寄りも若 者も、障害や難病のある方も、 誰 も が 生 き が い を 感 じ ら れ る 「一億総活躍社会」を創り上げ ます。 "We will create" 100 Million Total Active Communities "where women are a developed society, as well as parents and young people, and people with disabilities and diseases that cannot be treated, all can feel the purpose of life." In the data above there is a metaphor in the word kagayaku shakai. Literally kagayaku shakai means the community shines. But in the context of the data above the word kagayaku shakai is defined as 'developed society'. The use of the word is related to Abe's program of "100 Million Total Active Communities", where using the word gives the impression that women will have a higher position.

Conclusions
Discourse analysis aims to explore constructive cohesion devices discourse becomes coherensive. Japanese-language texts are still widely studied in the micro (structural), and not much in the macro (applied). Speech is one type of text that can provide a lot of data for macro research. The Shinzo Abe speech studied here is an example that discourse can be increasingly understood by means of understanding the themes, sub-themes, settings, details, intentions, presuppositions, sentence form, coherence, use of pronouns, stylistics, metaphors, and other linguistic elements.