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Principal component analysis of morphometric traits in Katjang, Boer, and their crosses goats

R. M. Hifzan orcid  -  Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
*K. Mamat-Hamidi  -  Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
S. R. A. Bugiwati  -  Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
M. I. A. Dagong  -  Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
M. T. Nur Aida  -  Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
M. S. Salisi  -  Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
A. W. M. Hafiz  -  Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Malaysia
A. J. Izuan Bahtiar  -  Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Malaysia
M. O. Nurulhuda  -  Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Malaysia
M. S. S. Ainu Husna  -  Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Malaysia
M. S. Muhammad  -  Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Malaysia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly used to examine the relationship among mor-phometric traits and determine which traits effectively describe the body conformation. This study evaluated the morphometric traits of Katjang, Boer, and Katjang × Boer goats through PCA to identify key indicators of body conformation and productivity. A total of 375 does (100 Katjang, 153 Boer, 122 Katjang x Boer) aged 1.5–2 years were measured for body weight (BW), body length (BL), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG), height at withers (HW), width at withers (WW), hip height (HH), and rump width (RW) raised under semi-intensive management at MARDI Kluang, Malaysia. Results revealed significant (P < 0.05) interbreed differences, with Boer does exhibiting superior size (BW: 39.95 ± 2.22 kg; CG: 80.77 ± 3.96 cm) and Katjang x Boer does showing intermediate values (BW: 32.35 ± 2.65 kg; CG: 70.10 ± 1.63), reflecting heterosis effects. PCA identified two principal components (PCs), with PC1 (57.8–64.0% variance) strongly correlated with CG (0.89–0.94), BW (0.85–0.90), and BL (0.80–0.85), while PC2 (16.0–17.8% variance) distinguished taller/narrower (positive HH/HW loadings) from shorter/wider conformations (negative RW/WW loadings). Boer goats had the highest PC1 eigen-value (5.12), confirming their robust frame. Chest girth emerged as the most reliable predictor of BW (r = 0.85–0.89, P < 0.01), supported by high communality values (0.81–0.89). Body index classifica-tion placed Katjang in the brevigline group (BI: 81.45 ± 2.34) while Boer and Katjang x Boer does in medioline (BI: 85.12–86.51), aligning with their meat production potential. These findings underscore CG utility in selection programs and highlight the conserved morphological integration across breeds, offering practical benchmarks for genetic improvement under Malaysian climate.

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Keywords: Body measurements; Boer; Katjang; Katjang x Boer goats; Correlation; Principal component analysis
Funding: Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Ministry of Finance of Malaysia (21400010170533)

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