Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (MKMI, p-ISSN: 1412-4920, e-ISSN: 2775-5614) is a national accredited journal (SINTA 3) which is publishing original research and literature review articles in the scope of public health sciences. The focus of manuscript submitted to MKMI should be relevant with the issues of public health. MKMI is published by Faculty of Public Health Universitas Diponegoro in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI) and Ikatan Ahli Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAGIKMI). Publication schedule: March, June, September, and December Language: Bahasa Indonesia APC: IDR 500.000 Journal accredited: SINTA 3 MKMI has been indexed in:
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro
Persepsi Karyawan terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Penularan COVID-19 di Tempat Kerja
Latar belakang: Dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19, penerapan Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru mengharuskan banyak karyawan kembali bekerja di kantor. Pada akhir Juli 2020, kasus-kasus baru mendapat kontribusi besar dari karyawan yang bekerja di kantor, sehingga memunculkan klaster baru yang dikenal dengan klaster perkantoran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi karyawan terhadap pencegahan penularan COVID-19 di tempat kerja di Purwokerto Jawa Tengah. Metode: Ini adalah studi cross sectional. Pengumpulan data secara online dilakukan pada tanggal 1-14 Agustus 2020. Ada 70 responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dengan kriteria sampel adalah pegawai di Purwokerto yang melakukan working from office (WFO). Analisis statistik yang digunakan: Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat (chi square). Hasil: Mayoritas responden adalah perempuan (67,1%), dewasa (82,9%), menikah (70%), sarjana (45,7%), bekerja sebagai pegawai swasta (94,3%), dan memiliki penghasilan di atas upah minimum daerah (68,6%). Sebagian besar melakukan WFO selama 2-8 jam per hari (81,4%). Hanya 38,6% responden yang memiliki persepsi positif kerentanan, dan beberapa memiliki persepsi negatif keseriusan (15,7%), manfaat (12,9%), dan hambatan (30%). Hanya 97,1% responden yang memakai masker, 72,9% melakukan physical distancing, 75,7% mencuci tangan, dan 42,9% membuka pintu/jendela kamar. Simpulan: Perilaku pencegahan infeksi penyakit menular belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal oleh seluruh karyawan. Perusahaan dan tempat kerja perlu mempertegas aturan ini untuk memperkuat terbentuknya perilaku sehat seluruh karyawan. Kata kunci: COVID-19; pegawai; persepsi; tempat kerja; perilaku kesehatan ABSTRACT Title: Employees' Perceptions Toward COVID-19 Transmission Prevention at The Workplace Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, implementing the New Habit Adaptation obligated many employees to return to work in offices. At the end of July 2020, new cases received many contributions from employees working in the office, raising a new cluster known as the office cluster. This study described employees' perceptions of COVID-19 transmission prevention at the Purwokerto, Central Java workplace. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Online data collection was conducted from 1-14 August 2020. There were 70 respondents involved in this study. Sample selected by purposive with criteria: an employee in Purwokerto who worked from office (WFO). Statistical analysis used: Data analyzed by univariate and bivariate (chi-square). Result: The majority of respondents are women (67,1%), adults (82,9%), married (70%), undergraduates (45,7%), worked as private employees (94,3%), and had income above the regional minimum wage (68,6%). Most did WFO as long as 2-8 hours per day (81,4%). Only 38,6% of respondents had positively perceived susceptibility, and some had negatively perceived seriousness (15,7%), benefit (12,9%), and barriers (30%). Only 97,1% of respondents wore a mask, 72,9% did physical distancing, 75,7% washed their hands, and 42,9% opened their chamber doors/windows. Conclusion: Infectious disease infection prevention behavior has not been implemented optimally by all employees. Companies and workplaces need to reinforce this rule to strengthen the formation of healthy behavior for all employees. Keywords: COVID-19; employee; perception; workplace; health behaviour
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Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap dengan Perilaku Keselamatan Berkendara pada Siswa SMA Negeri 7 Surakarta
Latar belakang: Penerapan keselamatan berkendara pada pengemudi sepeda motor yang masih dalam usia remaja dapat mengurangi risiko tinggi untuk terlibat dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas. Kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik dari remaja terhadap perilaku safety riding membuat mereka lebih rentan terlibat dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa SMA Negeri 7 Surakarta terhadap perilaku safety riding. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode cross-sectional dan bersifat kuantitatif, dengan bentuk penelitian observasional analitik. Sebanyak 360 siswa kelas XII di SMA Negeri 7 Surakarta menjadi populasi penelitian, sedangkan 89 siswa menjadi sampel penelitian dengan tiga variabel yaitu variabel pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku keselamatan berkendara. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik Fisher's Exact dan Chi Square. Hasil: Mayoritas pengetahuan siswa-siswi sudah baik (91%) sedangkan sikap masih kurang baik (56,2%). Begitu pula dengan perilaku yang masih tergolong kurang baik (53,9%). Nilai p sebesar 1,000 (> 0,05) menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku keselamatan berkendara. Nilai p sebesar 0,658 (> 0,05) menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara sikap dan perilaku keselamatan berkendara. Simpulan: Pengetahuan dan sikap tidak berhubungan dengan perilaku keselamatan berkendara pada siswa SMA Negeri 7 Surakarta. Agar siswa memperoleh wawasan tentang keselamatan berkendara sedini mungkin, maka diharapkan pihak sekolah dapat menyelenggarakan edukasi dan pelatihan keselamatan berkendara yang diikuti oleh seluruh siswa. Kata kunci: pengetahuan; sikap; perilaku; keselamatan berkendara. ABSTRACT Title: Relationship Between Knowledge and Attitude With Safety Riding Behavior on Students at State High School 7 Surakarta Background: Implementing safety riding for teenage motorcycle drivers can reduce the high risk of being involved in traffic accidents. The lack of knowledge and good attitude from adolescents toward safe riding behavior makes them more vulnerable to being involved in traffic accidents. This study aims to find out how the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of SMA Negeri 7 Surakarta students towards safety riding behavior. Method: The research uses a cross-sectional and quantitative method, in the form of observational analytical research. A total of 360 class XII students at SMA Negeri 7 Surakarta became the research population, while 89 students became the research sample with three variables, namely knowledge, attitude and safety riding behavior. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed by Fisher's Exact and Chi Square statistical tests. Result: The majority of students' knowledge is good (91%) while attitudes are still not good (56,2%). Likewise, behavior is still classified as poor (53,9%). The p-value of 1,000 (> 0,05) indicates no relationship between knowledge and safety riding behavior. The p-value of 0,658 (> 0,05) suggests no relationship between attitude and safety riding behavior. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude are not associated with safety riding behavior among SMA Negeri 7 Surakarta students. In order for students to gain insight into safety riding as early as possible, it is hoped that the school can organize safety riding education and training that is attended by all students. Keywords: knowledge; attitude; behavior; safety riding
Analisis Ergonomis Pengembangan Desain Stasiun Kerja Pekerja Pemanggang Kemplang dengan Metode Posture Evaluation Index dalam Virtual Environment
Latar belakang: Menurut Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar pada Tahun 2018 di Indonesia, prevalensi tertinggi penyakit muskuloskeletal berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan ditemukan pada pekerjaan sektor informal. UMKM Kemplang Panggang di Desa Meranjat 2, Ogan Ilir masih memproduksi melalui proses manual yang membutuhkan aktivitas fisik yang intens. Penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan dan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat risiko postur kerja dan stasiun kerja sehingga dibutuhkan analisis ergonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ergonomis desain stasiun kerja pekerja pemanggang kemplang setelah dilakukan evaluasi dengan metode Posture Evaluation Index. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang melibatkan 10 informan pekerja pemanggang kemplang untuk menyimulasikan posisi kerja pada desain awal stasiun kerja. Berdasarkan respons kepuasan pengguna, desain dikembangkan dan dianalisis menggunakan Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) yang mengintegrasikan LBA, OWAS, dan RULA dalam Virtual Environment menggunakan software Jack 8.4. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa skor LBA sebesar 515 N, skor OWAS sebesar 1 poin, skor RULA sebesar 3 poin, dan kemudian 3 skor ini diolah hingga kemudian dihasilkan nilai PEI 1,01, hasil ini menunjukkan penurunan nilai PEI sebesar 0,03 dari penelitian sebelumnya yang sebesar 1,04. Simpulan: Kesimpulannya bahwa pengembangan desain stasiun kerja pemanggang kemplang berisiko lebih rendah menyebabkan keluhan muskuloskeletal dari desain sebelumnya. Kata kunci: Ergonomi; Lingkungan Virtual; Posture Evaluation Index ABSTRACT Title: Ergonomic Analysis of Workstation Developed Design of Kemplang Roast Workers with Posture Evaluation Index Method in Virtual Environment Background: According to the Data of Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar or RISKESDAS) in 2018 in Indonesia, the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases based on type of work was found in informal sector jobs. UMKM Kemplang Panggang in Meranjat 2 Village, Ogan Ilir still produces through manual processes that require intense physical activity. Previous research has shown that there are risks of work postures and work stations so that ergonomic analysis is needed. This study aims to analyze the ergonomics of the workstation design of kemplang roasting workers after evaluation with the Posture Evaluation Index method. Method: This research is a qualitative study involving 10 informants of kemplang roaster workers to simulate work positions in the initial design of the workstation. Based on user satisfaction responses, the design was developed and analyzed using the Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) which integrates LBA, OWAS, and RULA in a Virtual Environment using Jack 8.4 software. Result: The study's results showed that the LBA score was 515 N, the OWAS score was 1 point, and the RULA score was 3 points. These 3 scores were processed to produce a PEI value of 1.01. This result shows a decrease in the PEI value of 0.03 from the previous study, which was 1.04. Conclusion: It is concluded that the development of the kemplang roaster workstation design results in a lower risk of musculoskeletal complaints. Keywords: Ergonomics; Virtual Environment; Posture Evaluation Index
Pengaruh Implementasi Redesain Meja dan Kursi Portabel Ergonomis Terhadap Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Subjektif pada Pekerja Pemanggang Kemplang di Desa Meranjat II Kabupaten Ogan Ilir
Latar belakang: Berdasarkan data dari International Labour Organization (ILO) ada sekitar 32% pekerja di dunia mengalami kelelahan akibat pekerjaannya. Pekerjaan pemanggang kemplang memiliki risiko ergonomi karena melibatkan aktivitas berulang, posisi duduk statis, serta postur membungkuk dalam waktu lama. Hal ini diperburuk oleh desain meja dan kursi yang umumnya digunakan saat ini, seperti kursi yang tidak memiliki sandaran punggung serta tinggi meja panggangan yang tidak disesuaikan dengan ukuran antropometri dan kebutuhan pekerja. Dampaknya, pekerja mengalami ketegangan otot dan peningkatan beban fisik pada bagian tubuh tertentu. Survei awal menunjukkan bahwa 100% pekerja mengeluhkan nyeri pada pinggang, 90% pada leher bawah, 70% pada leher atas dan betis, serta 60% pada pergelangan tangan. Kondisi ini berisiko menyebabkan gangguan muskuloskeletal dan menurunkan kenyamanan serta produktivitas kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh implementasi redesain meja dan kursi portabel ergonomis terhadap tingkat kelelahan kerja subjektif pada pekerja pemanggang kemplang. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Pre-Experimental Design dengan pendekatan One Group Pretest-Posttest. Penelitian ini melibatkan 15 dari 23 pekerja pemanggang kemplang di Desa Meranjat II Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria berdomisili di wilayah tersebut, aktif sebagai pemanggang, berusia 18-65 tahun, memiliki kondisi fisik yang memungkinkan untuk bekerja, serta bersedia mengikuti intervensi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik T-paired dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh bermakna dari implementasi meja dan kursi portabel dengan pendekatan ergonomis terhadap tingkat kelelahan kerja pada pekerja pemanggang kemplang dengan nilai p-value = 0,001 (< 0,05) dan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,667 yang artinya kedua variabel mempunyai hubungan yang sangat erat dan sejalan. Simpulan: Kesimpulannya bahwa implementasi meja dan kursi portabel ergonomis mempengaruhi tingkat kelelahan kerja pada pekerja pemanggang kemplang di Desa Meranjat II. Kata kunci: Kelelahan Kerja: Meja dan Kursi Ergonomis: Kemplang Panggang ABSTRACT Title: The Effect of Ergonomic Portable Table and Chair Redesign Implementation on Subjective Work Fatigue Levels of Kemplang Roasting Workers in Meranjat II Village, Ogan Ilir Regency Background: Based on data from the International Labor Organization (ILO), around 32% of workers in the world experience fatigue due to their work. The work of kemplang roasting has ergonomic risks because it involves repetitive activities, static sitting positions, and prolonged bending postures. This is exacerbated by the design of tables and chairs that are commonly used today, such as chairs that do not have backrests and grill table heights that are not adjusted to the size and needs of workers. As a result, workers experience muscle strain and increased physical burden on certain body parts. An initial survey showed that 100% of workers complained of pain in the waist, 90% in the lower neck, 70% in the upper neck and calves, and 60% in the wrists. This condition risks causing musculoskeletal disorders and decreasing work comfort and productivity. This study aims to determine the effect of the implementation of the proposed redesign of ergonomic portable tables and chairs on the level of subjective work fatigue in kemplang roasting. Method: The research method used is the Pre-Experimental Design method with the One Group Pretest-Posttest approach. This study involved 15 out of 23 kemplang roaster workers in Meranjat II Village, Ogan Ilir Regency. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the criteria of domicile in the area, active as a roaster, aged 18-65 years, having a physical condition that allows work, and willing to follow the intervention. Data were analyzed using the T-paired statistical test with a 95% confidence level. Result: The results of this study indicate that fatigue has a significant effect from the implementation of portable tables and chairs with an ergonomic approach on the level of work fatigue in kemplang roasters with a p-value = 0.001 (<0.05) and a correlation value of 0.667, which means that the two variables have a very close and parallel relationship. Conclusion: The conclusion is that the implementation of ergonomic portable tables and chairs affects the level of work fatigue in kemplang roasting workers in Meranjat II Village. Keywords: Work Fatigue.; Ergonomic Tables and Chairs; Baked “Kemplang
Hubungan antara Keragaman Makanan dan Riwayat Diare dengan Underweight pada Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan di Puskesmas Pengasih II, Kulon Progo
Latar belakang: Underweight adalah status gizi anak yang mengalami berat badan rendah menurut usia. Prevalensi underweight pada anak balita di Indonesia meningkat dalam dua tahun terakhir. Kejadian underweight lebih sering ditemui pada balita berusia 24-59 bulan. Keragaman makanan dan riwayat diare merupakan faktor risiko kejadian underweight pada anak balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keragaman makanan dan riwayat diare dengan kejadian underweight pada anak balita usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Pengasih II Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner terstruktur. Teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 176 balita. Analisis data menggunakan analisis chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Balita dengan riwayat diare dalam 3 bulan terakhir memiliki risiko mengalami underweight sebesar 2,3 kali lebih tinggi daripada balita sehat ( 95% CI: 1,127-4,847). Variabel lain yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian underweight adalah tingkat pendapatan keluarga (POR 2,184; 95% CI 1,067-4,469). Variabel riwayat diare dan tingkat pendapatan keluarga dapat memprediksi 7% kejadian underweight pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pengasih II Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Simpulan: Kejadian underweight pada anak balita usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pengasih II berhubungan dengan riwayat diare dalam 3 bulan terakhir dan tingkat pendapatan keluarga. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keragaman makanan dengan kejadian underweight, khususnya pada balita yang mengalami diare dalam 3 bulan terakhir yang berasal dari keluarga berpendapatan di bawah UMR. Kata kunci: balita; keragaman makanan; underweight; riwayat diare ABSTRACT Title: The Relationship between Dietary Diversity and History of Diarrhea with Underweight in Children Aged 24-59 Months at Pengasih II Health Center, Kulon Progo Background: Underweight is a nutritional status of children who experience low body weight according to age. The prevalence of underweight in toddlers in Indonesia has increased in the last two years. The incidence of underweight is more common in toddlers aged 24-59 months. Dietary diversity and history of diarrhea are risk factors for underweight in toddlers. This study aims to determine the relationship between dietary diversity and history of diarrhea with the incidence of underweight in toddlers aged 24-59 months in Pengasih II Health Center, Kulon Progo Regency. Method: The design of this study was cross-sectional. Data were obtained by interview using a structured questionnaire. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The subjects in this study were 176 toddlers. Data analysis used chi square and logistic regression. Results: Toddlers with a history of diarrhea in the last 3 months have a risk of being underweight 2.3 times higher than healthy toddlers (95% CI: 1.127-4.847). Another variable that is significantly related to the incidence of underweight is family income level (POR 2.184; 95% CI 1.067-4.469). The variables of diarrhea history and family income level can predict 7% of underweight incidence in toddlers aged 24-59 months in the working area of Pengasih II Health Center, Kulon Progo Regency. Conclusion: The incidence of underweight in toddlers aged 24-59 months at Pengasih II Health Center is related to a history of diarrhea in the last 3 months and family income levels. There is no significant relationship between food diversity and the incidence of underweight, especially in toddlers who have diarrhea in the last 3 months who come from families with incomes below the minimum wage. Keywords: toddler; dietary diversity; underweight; history of diarrhea
Kebiasaan Konsumsi Kopi dengan Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit silent killer yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Kadar glukosa darah dapat dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan konsumsi kopi. Masih terdapat perbedaan hasil pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya terkait hubungan konsumsi kopi dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa pengidap Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi kopi dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan di UPTD Puskesmas Kedungmundu Kota Semarang dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 orang. Data konsumsi kopi diukur menggunakan SQ-FFQ dan data glukosa darah puasa didapatkan dari hasil uji Lab Cito Kota Semarang. Hasil: Semakin tinggi konsumsi kopi maka semakin rendah kadar glukosa darah puasa (r=-0,915; p<0,001). Berdasarkan uji regresi linier ganda, asupan serat, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi kopi memiliki pengaruh kontribusi sebesar 89,5% terhadap variabel terikat, yaitu kadar glukosa darah puasa dengan nilai R2 = 89,5%. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan konsumsi kopi dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dewasa akhir. Semakin tinggi konsumsi kopi maka kadar glukosa darah puasa semakin rendah. Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2; Konsumsi Kopi; Glukosa Darah Puasa ABSTRACT Title: Coffee Consumption Habits with Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a silent killer disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Blood glucose levels can be influenced by coffee consumption. There are still differences in previous studies regarding the relationship between coffee consumption and fasting blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To analyze the relationship between coffee consumption habits and fasting glucose blood levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Method: This research used a cross-sectional design at the Kedungmundu Health Center, Semarang City, with a research sample of 40 people. Coffee consumption data was measured using SQ-FFQ, and fasting blood glucose data was obtained from the Cito Lab test results in Semarang City. Result: The higher the coffee consumption, the lower the fasting blood glucose level (r = -0.915; p <0.001). Based on the multiple linear regression test, fiber intake, physical activity, and coffee consumption have a contribution effect of 89.5% on the dependent variable, namely fasting blood glucose levels with an R2 value of 89.5%. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between coffee consumption habits and fasting blood glucose levels in late adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The higher the coffee consumption, the lower the fasting blood glucose levels. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Coffee Consumption; Fasting Blood Glucose
Perilaku Picky Eater dan Pola Konsumsi Makan Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan
Latar Belakang: Picky eater merupakan keadaan anak tidak bersedia atau menolak untuk makan, biasanya ditandai dengan anak menghindari makanan tertentu berdasarkan warna, tekstur, maupun aroma. Data menunjukkan sekitar 20% anak mengalami picky eater, dimana 33,6% picky eater diantaranya terjadi pada anak yang berusia dibawah 5 tahun. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku picky eater dengan pola konsumsi makan balita usia 24-59 bulan. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2024 di wilayah Kecamatan Tembalang, Kota Semarang. Subjek dipilih secara consecutive sampling sebesar 53 subjek. Data yang diambil yaitu perilaku makan picky eater, data asupan gizi makronutrien untuk frekuensi konsumsi, dan jumlah konsumsi, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pendidikan orang tua, pengasuh utama balita, dan pendapatan keluarga. Data diuji dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan uji regresi logistik dengan CI 95%, dan hasil signifikan dengan p-value <0,05. Hasil: Persentase picky eater sebesar 75,5%, frekuensi konsumsi kurang baik 69,8%, jumlah konsumsi energi kurang 84,9%, jumlah konsumsi protein kurang 69,8%, jumlah konsumsi lemak kurang 52,8%, jumlah konsumsi karbohidrat kurang 81,8% dari total subjek. Terdapat hubungan antara perilaku picky eater dengan frekuensi konsumsi (p=0,032), jumlah konsumsi protein (p=0,042), serta karbohidrat (p=0,038). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara perilaku picky eater dengan frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi protein dan karbohidrat. Tidak terdapat hubungan perilaku picky eater dengan jumlah konsumsi energi, dan lemak. Kata Kunci: Picky Eater, Frekuensi Konsumsi, Asupan Makronutrien ABSTRACT Title: Picky Eating Behavior and Food Consumption Patterns of Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months Background: Picky eating is a condition in which a child is unwilling or refuses to eat, usually characterized by avoiding certain foods based on color, texture, or smell. Data shows that around 20% of children are picky eaters, with 33.6% of picky eaters occurring in children under the age of 5. Objective: To analyze the relationship between picky eating behavior and the food consumption patterns of toddlers aged 24-59 months. Methods: An observational research study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in June-July 2024 in the Tembalang District, Semarang City. The subjects were selected using consecutive sampling, resulting in 53 participants. The data taken were picky eating behavior, amount of consumption, nutritional knowledge, parent education level, primary caregivers for toddlers, and family income. Data were tested using the Chi-Square and logistic regression test with a 95% confidence interval, with significant results with p-value <0.05. Result: The percentage of picky eaters was 75.5%, poor consumption frequency was 69.8%, inadequate energy consumption was 84.9%, inadequate protein consumption was 69.8%, inadequate fat consumption was 52.8%, and inadequate carbohydrate consumption was 81.8% of the total subjects. There is a relationship between picky eating behavior and consumption frequency (p=0.032), protein intake (p=0.042), and carbohydrate intake (p=0.038). Conclusion: There is a relationship between picky eating behavior and the frequency and amount of protein and carbohydrate consumption. There is no relationship between picky eating behavior and the amount of energy and fat consumption. Keyword: Picky Eater, Frequency of Consumption, Macronutrient Intake
Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Pneumonia Pada Balita di RSUD Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
Latar Belakang: Jumlah kasus pneumonia balita cenderung meningkat tiap tahunnya. Di RSUD Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti pada tahun 2019 terdapat 128 kasus, tahun 2020 terdapat 76 kasus, tahun 2021 terdapat 83 kasus, tahun 2022 terdapat 290 kasus dan tahun 2023 terdapat 522 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah case control. Populasi kelompok kasus adalah ibu dengan balita didiagnosis pneumonia, dan kelompok kontrol adalah ibu dengan balita didiagnosis ISPA ringan. Jumlah sampel 100 balita (50 kasus : 50 kontrol) yang dipilih secara accidental sampling di RSUD Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti. Variabel independen yaitu imunisasi, ASI eksklusif, penghasilan keluarga, pendidikan ibu, kebiasaan merokok, pengetahuan ibu, usia, dan jenis kelamin balita, variabel dependen adalah kejadian pneumonia. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda untuk menghitung odds ratio (OR) dan confidence interval (CI) 95%. Hasil : Faktor risiko kejadian pneumonia pada balita adalah imunisasi (p=0,038; OR: 2,62; 95%CI: 1,13-6,09), pemberian ASI Eksklusif (p=0,045; OR: 2,44; 95%CI: 1,09-5,46), penghasilan keluarga (p=0,042; OR: 2,52; 95%CI: 1,11-5,74), kebiasaan merokok (p=0,002; OR: 4,16; 95%CI: 1,74-9,93), pengetahuan ibu (p=0,003; OR: 3,85; 95%CI: 1,67-8,91), usia balita (p=0,016; OR: 2,91; 95%CI: 1,29-6,57) dan jenis kelamin (p=0,040; OR: 2,57; 95%CI: 1,12-5,89), sedangkan faktor yang tidak berhubungan adalah tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,638; OR: 0,59; 95%CI: 0,24-1,46), Hasil uji multivariat variabel yang paling dominan adalah kebiasaan merokok dengan OR tertinggi yaitu 4.40; 95% CI:1,75-11,0. Simpulan: Risiko kejadian pneumonia meliputi imunisasi, pemberian ASI Eksklusif, penghasilan kerluarga, kebiasaan merokok, pengetahuan ibu, usia dan jenis kelamin balita dan yang paling dominan menjadi faktor risiko kejadian pneumonia pada balita adalah kebiasaan merokok Kata kunci: Fakto Risiko; Pneumonia; Balita ABSTRACT Title: Analysis of Risk Factors for Pneumonia Incidence in Toddlers at Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti Regional Hospital, Kutai Kartanegara Regency Background: The number of cases of pneumonia in toddlers tends to increase every year. In Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti Hospital in 2019 there were 128 cases, in 2020 there were 76 cases, in 2021 there were 83 cases, in 2022 there were 290 cases and in 2023 there were 522 cases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for pneumonia in toddlers. Method: The study design was case control. The population of the case group were mothers with toddlers diagnosed with pneumonia, and the control group were mothers with toddlers diagnosed with mild ARI. The sample size was 100 toddlers (50 cases: 50 controls) selected by accidental sampling at Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti Hospital. The independent variables were immunization, exclusive breastfeeding, family income, maternal education, smoking habits, maternal knowledge, age, and gender of toddlers, the dependent variable was the incidence of pneumonia. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Risk factors for pneumonia in toddlers were immunization (p=0.038; OR: 2.62; 95%CI: 1.13-6.09), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.045; OR: 2.44; 95%CI: 1.09-5.46), family income (p=0.042; OR: 2.52; 95%CI: 1.11-5.74), smoking habits (p=0.002; OR: 4.16; 95%CI: 1.74-9.93), maternal knowledge (p=0.003; OR: 3.85; 95%CI: 1.67-8.91), toddler age (p=0.016; OR: 2.91; 95%CI: 1.29-6.57) and gender (p=0.040; OR: 2.57; 95%CI: 1.12-5.89), while the unrelated factor was the mother's education level (p=0.638; OR: 0.59; 95%CI: 0.24-1.46), The results of the multivariate test showed that the most dominant variable was smoking habits with the highest OR of 4.40; 95% CI: 1.75-11.0. Conclusion: The risk of pneumonia includes immunization, exclusive breastfeeding, family income, smoking habits, maternal knowledge, age and gender of toddlers and the most dominant risk factor for pneumonia in toddlers is smoking habits.. Keywords: Risk Factors, Pneumonia , Toddlers
Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Dalam Perspektif Pelanggan Internal di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan X Kota Semarang
Latar belakang: Manajemen pengelolaan pelanggan internal atau sumber daya manusia di RSGM P X di Kota Semarang menunjukkan kendala dalam kekurangan jumlah pegawai, angka turn over pegawai yang naik, ketidakcocokan calon pegawai terkait kompensasi yang diterima, dan ketidakdisiplinan pegawai terhadap jam kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan kerja dalam perspektif pelanggan internal di RSGMP-X Kota Semarang. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Perhitungan sampel menggunakan rumus Krejcie and Morgan dengan total sampel penelitian sebanyak 75 pegawai terdiri dari dokter gigi, dokter gigi muda, perawat dan staf non medis. Variabel yang diteliti terdiri dari Dimensi perencanaan, perilaku organisasi, kinerja, manajemen, supervisi, pengembangan dan pemeliharaan sumber daya manusia, serta kompensasi dan manfaat yang diterima pegawai. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan dianalisis secara bivariat dengan Uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel dimensi perilaku organisasi (p=,001) , dimensi manajemen (p=0,003), dimensi pengembangan dan pemeliharaan pegawai (p=0,001), dan dimensi kompensasi dan manfaat (p=0,005) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kepuasan pelanggan internal di RSGMP-X. Sedangkan dimensi perencanaan (p=0,449), dimensi kinerja (p=0,178), dan dimensi supervisi (p=0,178) tidak berhubungan dengan kepuasan pelanggan internal di RSGMP-X. Simpulan: Rumah Sakit perlu memberikan perhatian dalam memperlakukan pegawai, komunikasi antara manajemen dengan pegawai, pemberian pelatihan dan kesesuaian kompensasi dengan beban kerja serta bentuk kompensasi lainnya yang berdampak pada kepuasan pelanggan internal. Kata kunci: Motivasi ; Kepuasan Kerja ; Pelanggan Internal ABSTRACT Title: Factors Associated with Job Satisfaction from the Perspective of Internal Customers at the X Teaching Dental and Oral Hospital in Semarang Background: Human resource management at RSGM P X in Semarang City shows constraints in the limited number of employees, increasing employee turnover rates, prospective employees' incompatibility regarding the compensation received, and employee indiscipline regarding working hours. Method: This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was the Krejcie and Morgan formula with a total research sample of 75 employees consisting of dentists, young dentists, nurses, and non-medical staff. The variables consisted of Planning, General Attitudes, Performance Issues, Management Issues, Supervisory Issues, Training and Salary Issues, and Benefits Issues. The Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire and analyzed bivariately with the Chi-Square statistical test. Result: The results showed that the variables of organisational behaviour dimension (p=.001), management dimension (p=0.003), employee development and maintenance dimension (p=0.001), and compensation and benefits dimension (p=0.005) had a significant relationship with internal customer satisfaction in RSGMP-X. Meanwhile, the planning dimension (p=0.449), performance dimension (p=0.178), and supervision dimension (p=0.178) are not related to internal customer satisfaction at RSGMP-X. Conclusion: Hospitals need to pay attention to treating employees, communication between management and employees, providing training, and matching compensation with workload and other forms of compensation that impact internal customer satisfaction. Keywords: Motivation; Job Satisfaction; Internal Customers
Gambaran Pola Sebaran Kasus Rabies di Sumatera Barat Tahun 2019- 2023
Latar belakang: Rabies merupakan penyakit infeksi Anthropozoonosis akut yang menyerang sistem saraf pusat, disebabkan oleh virus dari keluarga Rhabdovirus dan genus Lysavirus, dengan Case Fatality Rate (CFR) mencapai 100%. Semua provinsi di Sumatera termasuk wilayah endemis rabies, kecuali Bangka Belitung dan Kepulauan Riau. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan tren kasus rabies di Sumatera Barat. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder pengujian Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) sebanyak 465 sampel pasif dari tahun 2019 hingga 2023, data vaksinasi dan populasi dari Dinas Peternakan, serta iSHIKHNAS. Data dianalisis dan disajikan dalam bentuk diskriptif statistika. Hasil: Tahun 2019–2023, Balai Veteriner (BVet) Bukittinggi mencatat 465 kasus rabies di Sumatera Barat. Proporsi kasus menurun rata-rata 65,01%, kecuali di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota yang mengalami peningkatan tahun 2023. Kasus tertinggi di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota (86 kasus), diikuti Agam (40 kasus), Sijunjung (39 kasus), dan Pasaman Barat (39 kasus). Kasus tertinggi pada anjing terjadi pada Maret 2019 (12 kasus), dengan rata-rata bulanan tertinggi pada Maret, Juli, Agustus dan Oktober, diduga terkait musim kawin anjing. Frekuensi Hewan Penular Rabies (HPR) positif rabies terbanyak adalah anjing (86,35%), kucing (12,55%), monyet (0,37%), dan satwa liar lainnya (0,74%). Gigitan HPR juga dilaporkan pada ternak dengan proporsi positif 88,24%. Tahun 2023 cakupan vaksinasi kucing 60,83%, anjing 38,67%, primata lain 0,46% dan kera 0,04%. Simpulan: Kasus rabies terbanyak di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kora. Rata-rata kasus tertinggi pada bulan Maret, Juli, Agustus dan Oktober, diduga terkait musim kawin anjing. Kasus rabies terbanyak terjadi pada anjing (86,35%). Rekomendasi meliputi peningkatan cakupan vaksinasi pada anjing, vaksinasi dua kali setahun sebelum musim kawin atau menjelang peningkatan tren kasus, edukasi masyarakat, peningkatan lalu lintas ternak, dan investigasi khusus di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Kata kunci: Rabies; Sumatera Barat; Hewan Penular Rabies (HPR) ABSTRACT Title: Distribution of Rabies Cases in West Sumatra 2019-2023 Background: Rabies is an acute Anthropozoonosis infectious disease that attacks the central nervous system, caused by viruses from the Rhabdovirus family and the Lysavirus genus, with a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) reaching 100%. All provinces in Sumatra are endemic areas for rabies, except Bangka Belitung and the Riau Islands. This study aims to determine the distribution and trends of rabies cases in West Sumatra. Method: The study used secondary data from the Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) of 465 passive samples from 2019 to 2023, vaccination and population data from the Animal Husbandry Service, and iSHIKHNAS. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of descriptive statistics. Result: In 2019–2023, the Bukittinggi Veterinary Center (BVet) recorded 465 cases of rabies in West Sumatra. The proportion of cases decreased by an average of 65.01%, except in Limapuluh Kota Regency which experienced an increase in 2023. The highest cases were in Limapuluh Kota Regency (86) followed by Agam (40), Sijunjung (39) and West Pasaman (39). The highest cases in dogs occurred in March 2019 (12 cases), with the highest monthly average in March, July, August and October, thought to be related to the dog mating season. The highest frequency of rabies-positive animals transmitting rabies were dogs (86.35%), cats (12.55%), monkeys (0.37%), and other stray animals (0.74%). Animals transmitting rabies bites were also reported in livestock with a positive proportion of 88.24%. In 2023, vaccination coverage for cats will be 60.83%, dogs 38.67%, other primates 0.46% and monkeys 0.04%. Conclusion: The highest rabies cases are in Lima Puluh Kora Regency. The highest average cases are in March, July, August and October, allegedly related to the dog mating season. The highest rabies cases occur in dogs (86.35%). Recommendations include increasing vaccination coverage in dogs, vaccinating twice a year before the breeding season or ahead of an increase in case trends, public education, increasing livestock traffic, and special investigations in the Limapuluh Kota District. Keywords: Rabies; West Sumatra; Animals transmiting Rabies
Evaluasi Program Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap (IDL) di Puskesmas Berdasarkan Tingkat Capaian di Kota Tegal (Studi di Puskesmas Tegal Selatan dan Puskesmas Tegal Timur)
Latar belakang: Program Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap merupakan upaya pemerintah dalam menurunkan angka kesakitan, kecatatan dan kematian akibat Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah dengan Imunisasi (PD3I). Akan tetapi pada tahun 2023 terjadi KLB campak, difteri dan pertusis di berbagai kota di Indonesia. Di Kota Tegal terdapat Puskesmas yang memiliki cakupan imunisasi Tinggi dan Puskesmas yang memiliki cakupan imunisasi rendah. Oleh karena itu diperlukan analisis perbedaan program Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap untuk mengetahui secara komprehensif perbedaan aspek konteks, input, proses dan produk pada kedua puskesmas tersebut sehingga diketahui strategi dalam pelaksanaan program selanjutnya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskiptif menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang melibatkan 4 informan utama dan 10 informan triangulasi. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan informan adalah teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Kemudian data dianalisis secara univariat menggunakan qualitative content analysis. Hasil: hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada aspek konteks, informan sudah mengetahui target dan tujuan dari program imunisasi secara tepat. Pada aspek Input jumlah SDM di puskesmas dengan cakupan imunisasi tinggi memiliki jumlah yang lebih banyak karena puskesmas memfasilitasi tambahan satu tenaga bidan yang khusus menangani pencatatan dan pelaporan. Pada kedua puskesmas pelatihan terkait pelaksanaan imunisasi hanya diberikan kepada koordinator imunisasi saja. Dana yang digunakan kedua puskesmas merupakan dana BOK. Aspek proses meliputi pencatatan dan pelaporan yang dilakukan secara manual dan digital menggunakan ASIK, umpan balik dilakukan setiap bulan setelah melakukan pelaporan, serta hambatan berupa adanya mitos terkait keyakinan di wilayah Puskesmas Tegal Selatan dan ketakutan orang tua untuk mengimunisasikan anaknya karena KIPI di Puskesmas Tegal Timur.. Simpulan: Puskesmas yang memiliki angka cakupan tinggi memiliki jumlah SDM yang lebih banyak, koordinator imunisasi melakukan transfer of knowledge, serta melakukan input data diluar target puskesmas yang berpotensi menyebabkan adanya penyalahgunaan data. Kata kunci: Imunisasi; Evaluasi; CIPP ABSTRACT Title: Evaluation of Complete Basic Immunization Program (IDL) in Health Centers Based on Coverage Level in Tegal City (Study in Tegal Selatan Health Center and Tegal Timur Health Center) Background: The Complete Basic Immunization Program is a government effort to reduce morbidity, disability and death due to Immunization-Preventable Diseases (PD3I). However, in 2023 there was an outbreak of measles, diphtheria and pertussis in various cities in Indonesia. In Tegal City there are Health Centers that have high immunization coverage and Health Centers that have low immunization coverage. Therefore, an analysis of the differences in the Complete Basic Immunization program is needed to comprehensively determine the differences in aspects of context, input, process and product in the two health centers so that strategies for implementing the next program are known.. Method: This study is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach involving 4 main informants and 12 triangulation informants. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out qualitatively with in-depth interviews and observations. Then the data were analyzed univariately using qualitative content analysis. Result: the results of the study showed that in aspect of context, informants already knew the targets and objectives of the immunization program accurately. In the Input aspect, the number of human resources in health centers with high immunization coverage is greater because the health center facilitates an additional midwife who specifically handles recording and reporting. In both health centers, training related to the implementation of immunization was only given to the immunization coordinator. The budget used by both health centers is BOK funds. The process aspect includes recording and reporting which is done manually and digitally using ASIK, feedback is given every month after reporting, and obstacles in the form of myths related to beliefs in the Tegal Selatan Health Center area and parents' fear of immunizing their children because of KIPI at the Tegal Timur Health Center. Conclusion: Health centers that have high coverage rates have more human resources, immunization coordinators carry out transfer of knowledge, and input data outside the health center's targets which has the potential to cause data misuse. Keywords: Immunization; Evaluation; CIPP
Faktor Risiko Hiperkolesterolemia pada Tenaga Kesehatan di Balai Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Kelas I Semarang
Latar Belakang: Tenaga kesehatan di Balai Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Kelas I Semarang perlu dijaga status kesehatannya melalui deteksi dini seperti Medical Check-Up korporasi, mengingat tenaga kesehatan memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap gangguan metabolik, termasuk hiperkolesterolemia, yang dapat memengaruhi kinerja dan produktivitas kerja (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2018; WHO, 2021). Hiperkolesterolemia salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular yang berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas, dapat dicegah dengan mengelola faktor risiko ini secara efektif di kalangan tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki risiko tinggi terkena penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko hiperkolesterolemia yang berkontribusi terhadap Tenaga Kesehatan di Balai Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Kelas I Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode review study yang dikombinasikan dengan analisis data sekunder. Data literatur diperoleh dari sumber elektronik seperti PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko hiperkolesterolemia pada tenaga kesehatan. Selain itu, data sekunder berupa hasil Medical Check-Up, khususnya data terkait kadar kolesterol (LDL) pegawai tahun 2023 dari Balai Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Kelas I Semarang dianalisis untuk memperkuat temuan dan memberikan rekomendasi berbasis data aktual kondisi kesehatan pegawai. Hasil: Faktor risiko utama hiperkolesterolemia di tenaga kesehatan meliputi usia, stres, Indeks Massa Tubuh, pola makan tinggi lemak, dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Usia dan Indeks Massa Tubuh adalah prediktor paling signifikan, sementara pola makan dan aktivitas fisik juga berkontribusi besar terhadap risiko hiperkolesterolemia. Intervensi untuk pola makan dan aktivitas fisik sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko ini. Simpulan: Usia dan Indeks Massa Tubuh adalah faktor risiko utama hiperkolesterolemia pada tenaga kesehatan, dengan pola makan dan aktivitas fisik juga berperan signifikan. Intervensi utama perbaikan pola makan dan peningkatan aktivitas fisik diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko hiperkolesterolemia di Balai Kekarantinaan Kesehatan Kelas I Semarang. Kata kunci: Hiperkoleterolemia; Tenaga Kesehatan; Balai Kekarantinaan Kesehatan ABSTRACT Title: Risk Factors for Hypercholesterolemia in Health Workers at the Class I Health Quarantine Center in Semarang Background: Health workers at the Semarang Class I Health Quarantine Center need to maintain their health status through early detection such as corporate Medical Check-Up, considering that health workers have a high risk of metabolic disorders, including hypercholesterolemia, which can affect work performance and productivity (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2018; WHO, 2021). Hypercholesterolemia, one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease that has an impact on decreased productivity, can be prevented by effectively managing this risk factor among healthcare workers who are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypercholesterolemia that contribute to Health Workers at the Semarang Class I Health Quarantine Center. Methods: This study used a review study method combined with secondary data analysis. Literature data was obtained from electronic sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify risk factors for hypercholesterolemia in health workers. In addition, secondary data in the form of the results of the 2023 Employee Medical Check-Up especially LDL’s Data from the Semarang Class I Health Quarantine Center was analyzed to strengthen the findings and provide recommendations based on actual data on employee health conditions. Results: The main risk factors for hypercholesterolemia in healthcare workers include age, stress, Body Mass Index, high-fat diet, and lack of physical activity. Age and Body Mass Index are the most significant predictors, while diet and physical activity also contribute greatly to the risk of hypercholesterolemia. Interventions for diet and physical activity are urgently needed to reduce this risk. Conclusion: Age and Body Mass Index are the main risk factors for hypercholesterolemia in health workers, with diet and physical activity also playing a significant role. The main interventions are dietary improvements and increased physical activity are needed to reduce the risk of hypercholesterolemia at the Semarang Class I Health Quarantine Center. Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia; Health Workers; Health Quarantine Center
Faktor Maternal yang Mempengaruhi Kegagalan Induksi Persalinan di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak ‘Aisyiyah Samarinda
Latar belakang: Kegagalan induksi persalinan menghadirkan tantangan bagi semua program obstetrik, dan masih menjadi masalah penting dalam dunia kesehatan dan menjadi tantangan dalam penanganan klinis kebidanan.1 Ada beberapa faktor yang dianggap sangat berhubungan dengan keberhasilan atau kegagalan dalam mencapai persalinan pervaginam salah satunya adalah faktor maternal.1,2 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan kejadian kegagalan induksi dan faktor-faktor yang terkait di pada ibu yang menjalani induksi persalinan di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak ‘Aisyiyah Samarinda. Metode: Studi cross-sectional berbasis fasilitas Rumah Sakit dilakukan pada ibu yang mengalami kegagalan induksi persalinan di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak 'Aisyiyah mulai tanggal 1 Januari 2023 sampai dengan tanggal 30 Juni 2023. Sampel adalah seluruh wanita hamil yang menjalani induksi persalinan yang berjumlah 182 orang, dengan menggunakan instrumen data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien baik manual maupun rekam medis elektronik. Analisis menggunakan uji statistik regresi logistik biner dengan menggunakan aplikasi komputer. Hasil: Variabel independen yang mempengaruhi kegagalan induksi persalinan yaitu ketuban pecah dini (p=0.005 dan OR=3.299), usia risiko tinggi (p=0.015 dan OR=3.539) preeklamsia berat (p=0,000 dan OR=11.519), hipertensi dalam kehamilan (p=0,057 dan OR=2,138), oligohidramnion (p=0,010 dan OR=3,257) dan anemia (p=0,001 dan OR=10.890). Variabel kehamilan cukup bulan (p=0,935 dan OR=0,927) dan nuliparitas (p=0,170 dan OR=1,822) tidak berpengaruh terhadap kegagalan induksi persalinan. Simpulan: Enam variabel independen mempengaruhi kegagalan induksi persalinan yaitu ketuban pecah dini, usia risiko tinggi, preeklamsia berat, hipertensi dalam kehamilan, oligohidramnion, dan anemia, sehingga untuk variabel kehamilan cukup bulan dan nulliparitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap kegagalan induksi persalinan. Kata kunci: Gagal induksi persalinan, Sectio Caesarea, Faktor Maternal ABSTRACT Title: The Influenced Maternal Factors of Failed Induction of Labor at ‘Aisyiyah Mother and Child Hospital in Samarinda Background: Failed induction of labor (FIOL) presented a challenge to all obstetric programs, and remained an important public issue in worldwide health challenges in clinical settings.1 There are several factors that were considered to be closely related to the succed or failure of achieved vaginal delivery, one of which was maternal factors.1,2 Meanwhile, because there was still limited information regarding the factors that influence labor induction failure at hospitals in our area, this study aimed to estimate incidence of IOL failure and related factors among mothers who underwent labor induction at Aisyiyah Mother and Child’s Hospital. Method: Hospital facility-based with cross-sectional study was conducted women undergoing failed induction of labor at ‘Aisyiyah Mother and Child Hospital from 1st January 2023 until 30th June 2023. The samples were all pregnant women who underwent labor induction were numbered 182 people, by used secondary data instruments fropm patient’s medical records, both manual and electronic medical records. Analysis used the binary logistic regression test. Result: Independent variables that influenced the failure of labor induction premature rupture of membranes (PROM), high risk age, severe preeclampsia (p=0.000 and OR =11.519), hypertension in pregnancy (p=0.057 and OR=2.138) and anemia (p=0.001 and OR=10.890). While for term pregnancy variables and nulliparity had no effect on failure to induce labor Conclusion: There were six independent variables that influenced the failure of labor induction, and two variabels had no effect on failure to induce labor. Keywords: Failed induction of labor, Sectio Caesarea, Maternal Factors.
Analisis Faktor Risiko WASH Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Bayi <23 Bulan di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur
Latar belakang: Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh akibat kekurangan gizi kronis dan infeksi berulang yang berdampak negatif pada perkembangan fisik dan kognitif anak serta kesehatan jangka panjang. Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur tercatat memiliki prevalensi stunting yang tinggi, yaitu 39,4%, tertinggi kedua di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Faktor lingkungan terkait Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) diduga berperan signifikan dalam kejadian stunting tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan faktor risiko WASH dengan kejadian stunting pada bayi usia di bawah 23 bulan. Metode: Metode penelitian menggunakan desain case control dengan 82 responden (41 kasus dan 41 kontrol). Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner, observasi, dan pengujian laboratorium kualitas air minum. Hasil: Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara jenis sumber air (p=0,023) dan kualitas fisik air (p=0,01) dengan kejadian stunting. Variabel kebiasaan BAB, pembuangan sampah, cara pengambilan air tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan. Simpulan: Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya peningkatan akses air bersih, sanitasi layak, dan edukasi perilaku hidup bersih untuk mencegah stunting di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Kata kunci: stunting; WASH; air minum; sanitasi; hygiene; bayi ABSTRACT Title: Analysis of WASH Risk Factors on Stunting Incidence in Infants <23 Months in Kotawaringin Timur District Background: Stunting is a condition of growth failure caused by chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections that negatively impacts children's physical and cognitive development as well as their long-term health. Kotawaringin Timur District has a high prevalence of stunting, at 39.4%, the second highest in Central Kalimantan Province. Environmental factors such as Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) are suspected to play a significant role in the occurrence of stunting. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between WASH risk factors and stunting in infants under 23 months of age. Method: This study used a case-control design with 82 respondents (41 cases and 41 controls). Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and laboratory testing of drinking water quality. Result: Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the physical quality of drinking water (p=0.021), water treatment (p=0.060), toilet ownership (p<0.05), and waste management (p=0.038) with stunting. Variables related to waste management and hygiene did not show a significant association. Conclusion: This study emphasises the importance of improving access to clean water, adequate sanitation, and education on clean living behaviours to prevent stunting in Kotawaringin Timur District. Keywords: stunting; WASH; drinking water; sanitation; hygiene; infants
Analisis Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dengan Kejadian Diare pada Balita di Negara Berkembang: Literature Review
Latar belakang: Sanitasi lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor penting penyebab diare. Rendahnya akses sanitasi di negara berkembang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai macam penyakit seperti diare. Menurut WHO akses sanitasi di negara berkembang masih kurang dari 50%. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, diperlukan telaah lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui indikator mana saja yang dapat menjadi faktor penyebab penyakit terutama diare pada anak. Metode: Metode yang digunakan yaitu kajian pustaka dari berbagai jurnal Internasional maupun nasional, dengan menggunakan pendekatan literature review. Hasil: Terdapat lima indikator sanitasi lingkungan terkait kejadian diare pada balita meliputi kondisi jamban, sumber air minum, air bersih, SPAL, dan lantai rumah. Akses terhadap sanitasi yang layak berkorelasi dengan penurunan diare pada balita di beberapa negara seperti Indonesia, Ethiopia, dan Afghanistan. Namun, tidak semua temuan menunjukkan pola yang konsisten. Seperti indikator jamban dan lantai rumah justru menunjukkan hubungan yang berlawanan di Indonesia dan Peru. Simpulan: Pencegahan diare pada anak memerlukan perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan melalui penggunaan jamban layak, pengolahan air minum yang aman, pengelolaan limbah yang efektif, serta pemeliharaan kondisi fisik rumah, termasuk lantai yang bersih dan kedap air. Kata kunci: Sanitasi; Sanitasi Lingkungan; Diare; Balita. ABSTRACT Title: Analysis of the Relationship between Environmental Sanitation and Diarrhea Incidence in Toddlers in Developing Countries: Literature Review Background: Environmental sanitation is one of the key factors contributing to the incidence of diarrhea. Limited access to adequate sanitation in developing countries can lead to various diseases, including diarrhea. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), access to sanitation in developing countries remains below 50%. Based on this, further investigation is needed to identify which sanitation indicators are most strongly associated with the occurrence of diarrhea, particularly among children. Method: This study employs a literature review approach by analyzing a range of national and international journal articles related to sanitation and childhood diarrhea.. Result: Five environmental sanitation indicators were found to be associated with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five: toilet conditions, drinking water sources, access to clean water, wastewater disposal systems (SPAL), and household flooring. Generally, access to adequate sanitation is correlated with a decrease in diarrhea cases in countries such as Indonesia, Ethiopia, and Afghanistan. However, the findings are not entirely consistent; for example, indicators such as toilet and floor conditions show opposite associations in Indonesia and Peru. Conclusion: Preventing diarrhea in children requires improvements in environmental sanitation, including the use of proper toilets, safe drinking water treatment, effective waste management, and maintenance of household infrastructure, particularly ensuring that floors are clean and impermeable.f Keywords: Sanitation; Environmental Sanitation; Diarrhea; Children under Five