Lingkar Pinggang, Kadar Glukosa Darah, Trigliserida dan Tekanan Darah pada Etnis Minang di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat

Abstract

Waist circumference, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride and blood pressure amongst the Minangkabau in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatera

Background: The abnormality of waist circumference together with serum triglyceride blood sugar and blood pressure are associated with metabolic syndrome. The increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome is in line with the increasing of central obesity. This study was done to investigate the incidence of metabolic syndrome and the relationship between waist circumference with other components of metabolic syndrome which are serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, plasma glucose and blood pressure.

Methods: The study was done amongst the Minangkabau in Padang Pariaman. Design of the study was cross sectional study. The study subjects were 92 chosen by multistage random sampling. Characteristic of the samples and food consumption were collected by interviewing. Waist circumference was measured using method that is recommended by WHO (1995). Blood samples were taken to measure lipid profile and plasma glucose. Blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer.

Results: The result of the study showed 22.8% of the subjects had metabolic syndrome with high intake of energy, carbohydrateand cholesterol, and low intake of fiber and omega 3. Eighty seven percent and 12.5% of women and men had high waist circumference. A positive association were found between waist circumference and serum triglyceride, blood glucose and blood pressure, however no correlation was found with HDL-cholesterol.

Conclusions: Waist circumference is an important indicator for metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, triglyceride, blood sugar and blood pressure

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Lingkar pinggang yang berlebihan adalah salah satu komponen dalam Sindroma Metabolik (SM) bersama dengan tingginya kadar serum trigliserida, glukosa darah, dan tekanan darah. Peningkatan kejadian SM sejalan dengan peningkatan obesitas sentral. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh gambaran kejadian SM dan hubungan lingkar pinggang dengan komponen SM lainnya, yaitu kadar trigliserida, HDL-kolesterol, glukosa darah, dan tekanan darah.

Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat Minang di Padang Pariaman dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan multistage random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 92 orang. Pengumpulan data karakteristik dan konsumsi dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengukuran lingkar pinggang dilakukan dengan cara yang direkomendasikan WHO tahun 1995, juga dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah guna pengukuran profil lipid dan glukosa plasma, sedangkan pengukuran tekanan darah sistolik-diastolik menggunakan sphygmomanometer.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menemukan 22,8% responden ternyata menderita SM, dengan asupan energi tinggi, karbohidrat tinggi, serat rendah, kolesterol tinggi dan asupan omega 3 rendah. Delapan puluh tujuh persen responden wanita dan 12,5% pria memiliki lingkar pinggang besar dari normal. Ditemukan korelasi positif antara lingkar pinggang dengan kadar trigliserida, kadar glukosa plasma dan tekanan darah, namun tidak terhadap kadar HDL-kolesterol.

Simpulan: Lingkar pinggang merupakan satu indikator penting penanda Sindroma Metabolik.