Conversation Analysis of Interruption Found In The Indonesia Lawyers Club

This thesis is a study about types of interruption and functions of interruption in a television talk show named Indonesia Lawyers Club. This study aims to identify the types of interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club. The main theory used in supporting this study is a theory of types of interruption proposed by Ferguson (1977). In conducting this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study found that there are four types of interruption found in the talk show. They are simple interruption (SI), overlap interruption (OI), Butting-in interruption (BI) and silent interruption (SLI). OI is the most dominant types of interruption found in the data. There are 9 occurrences of OI (36%), 8 occurrences of SI (32%), 5 occurrences of BI (20%) and 3 occurrences of SLI (12%).


Introduction
Conversation is a form of communication that occurs between two or more people (speaker and listener) in order to exchange messages, ideas, or information. According to Liddicoat (2007: 1), conversation is the way in which people socialize, develop, and sustain their relationship with each other. To build a good conversation, the people involved in that conversation should know when to talk and to listen. That is why, they should understand NUSA,Vol. 14 No. 4  about turn-taking. Sacks (1974: 696) says that turn-taking is used to talk in interviews, meetings, debates, ceremonies, conversations, etc. It refers to speech exchange Systems. Wooffitt (2005: 26) states that at the start of any period of interaction, neither party knows in advance how many turns they will take, what the topics will be or the order in which they will be addressed, how long each turn may be, whether or not someone else will join in, and if they do, how turns are to be allocated among the respective parties, and so on. However, gaps or overlaps sometimes occur in conversation. In many cases, turn taking may not always succeed because more than one person talks at the same time. It may be caused by interruption.
In some cases, interruption is considered disturbing and impolite by many people.
However, interruption is not always disturbing and impolite in conversation. Interruption sometimes can be helpful for both speaker and listener. It depends on the types and functions of interruption. Based on this phenomenon, the researcher is interested to analyse it.
To analyse this phenomenon, conversation analysis (CA) is required. Conversation analysis is a branch of discourse. Paltridge (2012: 90) states that Conversation analysis is an approach to the analysis of spoken discourse that looks at the way in which people manage their everyday conversational interactions. It examines how spoken discourse is organized and develops as speakers carry out these interactions. In conversation analysis, the data can be in the form of video or tape-recording that is transcribed. This research will analyse the types of interruption in conversation analysis by using a theory proposed by Ferguson (1977) in Beattie's Turn-taking and Interruption in Political Interviews: Margaret Thatcher and Jim Callaghan (1982:101-103). According to Ferguson (1977), there are four types of interruption, which are simple interruption, overlap interruption, buttingin interruption and silent interruption.

Research Methods
This research used a descriptive qualitative method to analyse the interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club. Descriptive qualitative method is a research data that is usually in the form of words, instead of numbers. It helps the researcher to develop initial conceptions and to produce or to revise conceptual framework (Miles, Huberman and Saldaña, 2014). The research presents the data in the form of qualitative approach because it focuses on the analysis of textual or non-numerical data.
The object or the data that is analysed in this research is in the form of utterances of the debate participants in Indonesia Lawyer Club (ILC) with the theme Menjelang Debat Capres 2019: Penegakkan Hukum Dimata 01 & 02 that are transcribed into a text by the researcher because this research aims to identify the types of interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club and to find out the functions of interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club. And the source of the data is Indonesia Lawyer Club YouTube Channel. Creswell (2014) states that the data collection steps include setting the boundaries for the study, collecting information through unstructured or semi structured observations and interviews, documents, and visual materials, as well as establishing the protocol for recording information. Steps in collecting the data were as follows: downloading the data NUSA,Vol. 14 No. 4  transcribing the data into a text, reading the full transcription text, understanding the contents of the transcription text especially the interruption found in the debate, listing the types and the functions of interruption that are found in the data and collecting all the data needed.
The data of this research were analysed using these following steps of descriptive qualitative method (Creswell, 2014). They are organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding the data, generating descriptions/themes for analysis, interrelating themes/descriptions and interpreting the meaning of themes/descriptions.

Results
The researcher found that there are 25 interruptions in the Indonesia Lawyers Club that are carried out by the both camps. The type of interruption which is used most dominantly is OI which appears 9 times. Then, there is SI which appears 8 times, BI which appears 5 times and SLI which appears 3 times. The results of the types of interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club are presented in the table 1 below.

Discussion
This section discusses the types of interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club. The identification of the types of interruption is based on a theory proposed by Ferguson (1977) in Beattie's Turn-taking and Interruption in Political Interviews: Margaret Thatcher and Jim Callaghan (1982:101-103 Then, there is simple interruption (SI) which appears 8 times, buttinginterruption (BI) which appears 5 times and silent interruption (SLI) which appears 3 times.

Simple Interruption
Simple interruption is the type of interruption that occurs 7 times in the data. Simple interruption occurs when an interrupter successfully takes the floor and makes the interrupted person stops his/her sentence, so his/her sentence is incomplete. Some occurrences of simple interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club are shown below. Overlap interruption is the most dominant type of interruption that occurs 9 times in the data. Overlap interruption occurs when the interrupter tries to interrupt the current speaker, but he/she does not succeed completely, because the interrupted person keeps talking until he/she completes his/her sentence. At the same time, the interrupter keeps talking even though the interrupted person has finished his/her utterances. In other words, they share the floor. The following dialogues show some occurrences of overlap interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club.
Okay, it means that you don't dare to answer the question which is asked by the public.

HS(01): Jawabannya yes terlibat sesuai dengan keputusan dari dewan kehormatan
Perwira | The answer is yes, he was involved in accordance with decision of the honorary board member | chance. However, RG keeps interrupting him even though he cannot complete his utterance. In this situation, they share the floor because they talk at the same time.

Buttingin Interruption
Buttingin interruption is the type of interruption that occurs 5 times in the data. Buttingin Interruption occurs when the interrupter fails to interrupt the current speaker, because the current speaker keeps talking and ignores the interrupter, so the interrupter decides to stop interrupting the current speaker. The following dialogues show some occurrences of buttingin interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club. The dialogue above is another example of buttingin interruption found in the data. In that situation, RG tries to interrupt BH in many times to develop the topic being discussed, which is about human rights violations by saying "Oke, jadi". However, RG fails because BH keeps talking and ignores him.

Silent Interruption
Silent interruption has the lowest number of occurrence which is 3 times. Silent interruption occurs when the current speaker pauses before finishing his/her sentence because of something such as he/she may forget the word that he/she wants to say or he/she may want to take a breath. However, that silence is taken over by another speaker.
The following dialogues show occurrences of silent interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club.

Conclusion
Based on the research results and discussions of types of interruption found in the Indonesia Lawyers Club, the researcher draws a conclusion as follows: In accordance with the first objective of the research, that is to identify the types of interruption in the Indonesia Lawyers Club, there are four types of interruption carried out by the both camps in the debate. They are simple interruption (SI), overlap interruption (OI), Butting-in interruption (BI) and silent interruption (SLI). Among the four types of interruption that appear in the debate, OI is the most dominant type of interruption found in the data. SI is the next type of interruption that appears dominantly after OI, and it is followed by BI. In contrast to OI, SLI has the lowest number of occurrence.