Jurnal Presipitasi: Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan
Jurnal Presipitasi (P-ISSN: 1907-817X and E-ISSN: 2550-0023) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Environmental Engineering Departement, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia, and has been in continuous publication since 2006. The journal serves as a scholarly platform for the dissemination of original research articles and state-of-the-art review papers in the fields of Environmental Science and Environmental Engineering. The journal is nationally accredited under the National Journal Accreditation system (ARJUNA), managed by the Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency (RISTEK–BRIN), and is currently ranked in the Second Grade (SINTA 2). The official short title of the journal is J. Presipitasi. Scholars and practitioners who are interested in contributing to the journal’s academic community as reviewers or editors are kindly invited to visit the following link for further information. Publications schedule: March, July, November | more info Language: English Article Processing Charges: please see the following link | more info Indexing: DOAJ, SINTA, Google Scholar, etc. | more info Ready to submit your manuscript? Please follow [Author Guidelines] Contact: presipitasi@live.undip.ac.id For Hardcopy Order: more info
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The Potential of Bioplastic Waste Made From Polybutylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate (PBAT) as Compost Mixtures
Biodegradable bioplastics offer an environmentally friendly alternative. One type of bioplastic being developed is Polybutylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate (PBAT), an aliphatic-aromatic polyester capable of decomposing through microbial activity. This study aimed to analyze the potential of bioplastic waste as a compost mixture ingredient and determine the optimal composition of bioplastic waste mixtures for compost production. The study utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The quality of the compost made from bioplastic waste mixtures was evaluated based on SNI 7763:2024 standards, with parameters including pH, temperature, additional substances, and chemical content, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic carbon (C-organic). The composting process lasted 60 d, using mixtures of bioplastics and cow manure organic waste in proportions of 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25, and 70:30, each weighing 1 kg. Some mixtures were supplemented with 30 mL of activated EM4 to accelerate decomposition, whereas the control group used only cow manure. The results indicate that the compost produced generally met the SNI 7763:2024 standards. The most effective composition was 80% organic waste, 20% bioplastic, and 30 mL EM4. This composition achieved N+P2O5+K2O levels of 2.88%, C-organic content of 30.46%, moisture content of 24.60%, and pH of 7.60.
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Evaluation of Bio-Drying Cow Dung with Inoculation of Bacillus sp. as Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Material
Global warming, driven in part by livestock manure emissions, poses a major environmental challenge. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) offers a waste-to-energy solution by converting solid cow manure into an energy source. This study investigated the impact of Bacillus sp. inoculation on the biodrying process of cow dung. The main challenge in processing cow manure into RDF is ensuring that the moisture content and calorific value meet the minimum RDF standards. Therefore, a biodrying process was carried out on cow manure to achieve these required standards. Biodrying performance was assessed based on drying time, moisture content, pH, and calorific value. The results show that inoculation with Bacillus sp.. The results showed that inoculation with Bacillus sp. at 10⁶ log cfu ml⁻¹ kg⁻¹ yielded the most efficient outcome, achieving the fastest drying time (12 days), lowest moisture content (9.64%), optimal pH (7.8), and highest calorific value (2,656.5 kcal/kg). These findings confirm a direct link between moisture reduction and calorific improvement. Hence, bio-dried cow dung treated with inoculation of Bacillus sp. 106 log cfu ml-1 Kg-1 is recommended as a viable RDF material.
Forecasting Renewable Energy Transition Using Error Correction Model: Addressing Environmental and Sustainable Development
In the context of global warming, the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is crucial for reducing carbon emissions and achieving sustainable development goals. From 1990 to 2022, this study examines new energy consumption in Indonesia and examines its relationship with GDP, foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanization, carbon emissions (CO2), the exchange rate, and subsidies received. An ECM was used to determine the short- and long-term impacts. In the short term, economic growth has a positive and significant effect on energy consumption; however, in the long term, the negative effect becomes more pronounced. Direct investment (FDI) has no significant effect on renewable energy consumption, creating a negative long-term trend. Urbanization has significant positive and negative dampening effects on new energy consumption in the long term, but no significant short-term effects. Energy consumption and carbon emissions have a significant negative effect. To solve construction and environmental challenges in Indonesia, it is necessary to increase the capacity of renewable energy sources.
Effect of Macroporous Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Beads on COD and Turbidity Values in Sasirangan Wastewater
A batch system was applied to study the effect of using macroporous cross-linked chitosan–tripolyphosphate (TPP) beads on chemical oxygen demand (COD) values and turbidity in Sasirangan wastewater. The ionic cross-linking reagent, sodium tripolyphosphate, was used to obtain more rigid chitosan beads, and sodium bicarbonate was added as a porogen. COD values were analyzed using the titrimetric method, and turbidity values were analyzed using the turbidimetric method. This analysis was used to study the effect of dose and pH on the performance of beads in Sasirangan wastewater. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of the beads showed that NaHCO₃ as a porogen enlarged the pores in the chitosan–TPP beads, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) characterization showed interactions among chitosan, chitosan–TPP beads, and wastewater. The results showed that higher chitosan dosages resulted in increased final COD values in Sasirangan wastewater, and the higher the pH, the higher the COD value. The addition of beads reduced the turbidity value of the Sasirangan wastewater, with higher doses leading to greater turbidity reduction, with the optimum achieved at 400 mL/L. The pH conditions did not affect the reduction in the turbidity value, with less than 1% variation observed.
Greywater Treatment Using Umbrella Sedge Plants and Activated Carbon Media with Constructed Wetland System
Increased domestic wastewater discharge degrades river quality. This study evaluated phytoremediation using constructed wetlands with umbrella sedge plants to treat greywater prior to river discharge. Using a randomized block design, the study tested two substrates (activated carbon and quartz sand), plant quantity (0, 4, 8, or 12 clumps), and retention time (0 to 4 days) on key wastewater parameters: BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia (NH₃-N), and orthophosphate (PO₄). Data were analyzed via t-tests, ANOVA, and regression at a 5% significance level. Results indicated that a combination of activated carbon, 12 plant clumps, and a four-day retention time was the most effective in reducing TSS, BOD, COD, and phosphate, although it was less effective for ammonia. By the fourth day, all treated pollutant levels successfully met quality standards, making the water safe for river release.
Assessments of Climate Literacy and Climate Change Awareness
Climate change has become a serious threat to all humans, with impacts already being felt throughout the planet. One effort in climate change education is to improve students' climate literacy and climate change awareness. This study aimed to measure climate literacy and climate change awareness among vocational high school students and analyze the relationship between aspects of these two variables. A questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was used, and the data were processed using descriptive statistics and Pearson ’scorrelation analysis. The results from 295 respondents showed that the average climate literacy was in the high category (3.50), while climate change awareness was in the medium category (3.40). However, both showed significant gaps in each aspect. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between attitudes and behavior, both in climate literacy (r = 0.323) and climate change awareness (r = 0.142). Climate change education not only conveys information in the form of knowledge but also includes efforts to strengthen attitudes that can encourage sustainable climate-friendly behavior. The results of this study will serve as the basis for developing climate change teaching materials in vocational high schools to improve students' climate literacy and climate change awareness.
Good Corporate Governance and Environmental Disclosure: The Moderating Role of the Sustainability Committee
This study investigates how elements of good corporate governance (GCG) affect environmental disclosure as a manifestation of corporate environmental responsibility, with the sustainability committee examined as a moderating variable. A quantitative research design was employed using a moderated regression analysis. The study relies on secondary data obtained from 110 basic materials sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics version 26. The findings reveal that domestic institutional investors and institutional investors from developed countries positively influence the extent of environmental disclosure. In contrast, institutional investors from developing countries, board size, and gender diversity do not demonstrate a significant effect. The sustainability committee strengthens only the relationship between board size and environmental disclosure, while it does not moderate the effects of the other governance variables. This study extends prior research on the linkage between corporate governance mechanisms and environmental reporting. The existence of a sustainability committee reflects a company’s commitment to integrating sustainability principles into its policies and operational strategies, aligning corporate activities with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the pursuit of balanced economic, social, and environmental performance.
Economic Activity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: An Empirical Study of the Indonesian Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing industry plays significant role in the Indonesian economy. However, this sector was the largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2022, reaching 38% of total emissions released by all sectors. The purposes of this study are to identify characteristics and trends of economic activity and GHG emissions from fuel consumption across 24 manufacturing subsectors, and to analyze the effect of some economic variables on GHG emissions of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia. Economic variables from 2012-2022, including machinery maintenance intensity, labor intensity, resource-use intensity, value-added, and GHG intensity, were analyzed using descriptive statistics and fixed-effect model panel regression. The results show that labor intensity in the manufacturing subsector tends to decline, while resource use intensity and value-added are increasing. Meanwhile, machinery maintenance intensity shows considerable variation without consistent concentration in particular subsectors. Panel data regression indicates that maintenance intensity and labor intensity have significant positive effect on GHG intensity, while resource-use intensity and value-added have significant negative effect. Based on these results, interventions on economic variables can influence GHG emission levels. This study recommends fiscal policy interventions, such as subsidies for environmentally friendly equipment and incentives for green industries, to strengthen the performance of environmentally friendly industries.
Anthropogenic and Natural Drivers of Land Subsidence
This review is the first attempt to integrate natural and anthropogenic drivers of coastal subsidence, the evolution of monitoring techniques, and geo-environmental impacts, with a focus on coupled human-environment systems. This review compares traditional geodetic techniques (levelling, GNSS) with other satellite and geophysical methods (InSAR, LiDAR, microgravity, and seismic survey) and assesses subsidence monitoring under different geo-environmental conditions. Empirical evidence from the northern coastline of Java, in particular Semarang, shows that subsidence has occurred at an annual rate of 2–10 + cm, which is directly linked to groundwater exploitation, alteration of land use, and coastal construction, which exacerbates tidal flooding, coastal recession, saltwater encroachment, ecosystem destruction, infrastructure deterioration, and social impacts. The findings suggest that subsidence is a unique geophysical phenomenon and not a result of anthropogenic interactions with natural systems involving water, land use, coasts, and public administration frameworks. This type of integration is essential for improved risk assessment, resilience, and sustainable development.
River Quality Analysis and Integration of Community Participation in the Development of the PROKASIH Program
River water pollution from domestic and industrial waste remains a major challenge in Indonesia’s environmental governance. The Clean River Program (PROKASIH) was established as a national initiative to control water pollution through collaboration among government agencies, industries, and local communities. However, local implementation often faces constraints, particularly limited community participation and insufficient integration of environmentally friendly infrastructure. This study evaluates the implementation of the Clean River Program in Sukoharjo Regency, examines community participation, identifies influencing factors, and develops an improvement strategy based on social cohesion and sustainable technology. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining river water quality analysis, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, nitrate, and phosphate, with a survey of 100 respondents and in-depth interviews. Reliability testing produced a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.86, while Spearman ’scorrelation analysis showed a significant relationship between education level and participation. The results indicate a program success rate of 58.7%, with community participation classified as moderate. This study proposes the Green–Community River Management (G-CRM) framework, integrating participatory governance and eco-friendly infrastructure to strengthen PROKASIH implementation in line with the 2023–2030 KLHK Clean River Program Roadmap and support Sustainable Development Goal 6.3.
Iron-Manganese Correlation and Community Perception of Groundwater Quality
Groundwater contamination with iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) remains a significant challenge in rural areas with limited access to modern water treatment technologies. In the Margorejo Village, Tempel District, Sleman, groundwater from domestic wells exhibited elevated Fe and Mn concentrations related to local geochemical conditions. This study investigated the efficacy and acceptance of a hybrid phytocoagulation system combining extracts from Eichhornia crassipes and Moringa oleifera seeds to enhance metal removal through a combination of biosorption, biooxidation, and protein-induced flocculation. Variations in plant biomass (0–30 leaves), Moringa dose (0–100 mg/L), and contact time (0–16 days) were investigated in a factorial randomized block trial. The optimal configuration (30 leaves, 100 mg/L, 16 days) reduced the iron concentration to 0.082 mg/L (97.77%) and the manganese concentration to almost zero (98.71%). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between iron and manganese concentrations (r=0.821), indicating similar geochemical behavior. A public perception analysis with 30 respondents showed high acceptance (75.72%), particularly in households directly affected by contamination. These results demonstrate that hybrid phytocoagulation is a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and socially acceptable method for decentralized groundwater treatment and underscore the importance of public participation for long-term implementation
Effectiveness and Spatial Distribution of Wastewater Land Application Technical Approval in East Java
The management of industrial wastewater presents a considerable challenge to governments globally, mainly because of the difficulties faced in ensuring that regulatory frameworks are properly instituted. This study evaluated the success of the technical approval for using wastewater" regulatory framework and its geographic spread across East Java. This was evaluated using data from 35 business participants from 16 different districts/cities via a combination of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (spatial analysis) methods. The overall effectiveness of the regulatory framework was rated high (84.69%), with the dimension "Regulatory Appropriateness" rated the highest (85.57%), while the dimension "Environmental Appropriateness" ranked the lowest (84.14%). From the geographic analysis, it was evident that cities and industrial centers dominated the level of support, with many non-industrial areas displaying very little engagement. Collectively, these results demonstrate the need for policies to be designed with a geographic perspective and for sufficient institutional support to be targeted towards non-urban areas. This will allow stakeholders to provide the required technical support, increase the utilization of technology to enhance service delivery, and engage the local workforce to the greatest degree possible to enable sustainable and equitable environmental governance.
Environmental Impact of Energy Diversification Using Refuse-Derived Fuel in Cement Industry
Processing municipal solid waste into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is an alternative solution to the waste problem. This study determined the potential environmental impact of Sleman RDF as an energy diversification agent in the cement industry using life cycle assessment (LCA). The boundary system of this study is gate-to-grave, with a functional unit of co-firing energy requirements for the production of 1 metric ton of clinker. Two clinker co-firing scenarios were developed, involving a combination of coal and alternative fuels. The results showed that the production of 1 metric ton of clinker requires a large amount of resources and contributes significantly to climate change, ecosystem toxicity, and human toxicity. Co-firing clinker in the alternative scenario successfully reduced the potential environmental impact by 14% with a thermal substitution rate of 20%. The findings of this study indicate that RDF is effective in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and lowering emissions and the potential environmental impact.
Batik Wastewater Treatment: Performance of Combination PAC with Hydrocyclone Separation
Batik wastewater contains high levels of total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity, making it difficult to decompose naturally. To prevent environmental pollution, this study investigated a treatment method that combined coagulation in a mixing tank and flocculation using a hydrocyclone. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was used as the coagulant. The coagulation process was tested at stirring speeds of 100–140 rpm and coagulant doses of 150–300 mg/L. The results showed that a coagulant dose of 300 mg/L and a stirring speed of 140 rpm achieved the highest removal efficiencies: 95.45% for TSS and 95.24% for turbidity. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the coagulant dose significantly affected removal efficiency (p=0.049), whereas the stirring speed did not have a significant effect (p=0.77). Furthermore, particle size analysis (PSA) and zeta potential tests indicated that the PAC coagulant successfully destabilized the suspension in the wastewater, leading to the formation of large aggregates and accelerating the separation process. Overall, these results indicate that combining a coagulation mixing tank with a hydrocyclone flocculation unit offers an efficient and rapid solution for treating batik wastewater.
Effectiveness of Sugarcane Bagasse Adsorbents for Chromium Removal from Industrial Metal Plating Wastewater
Wastewater from metal plating businesses contains hazardous heavy metals, including chromium (Cr), which must be properly treated to avoid environmental contamination. Adsorption utilizing natural materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, is a promising option. This study compared the effectiveness of H2SO4-activated sugarcane bagasse with sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon in removing total chromium (Cr-T) from metal plating wastewater and analyzed the effects of adsorbent mass and contact time. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to measure the final chromium concentrations after batch adsorption was conducted with different masses and contact periods. The findings revealed that the adsorption effectiveness increased as the adsorbent mass and contact duration increased, reaching an ideal point. While activated carbon achieved its peak at 12 g and 120 min (95% and 47.6% efficacy, respectively), activated bagasse performed best at 15 g and 150 min (51.9% and 43% effectiveness, respectively). Activated carbon performed better because of its increased surface area and pore structure resulting from carbonization. These results demonstrate that sugarcane bagasse is a potential, affordable, and sustainable natural adsorbent for lowering total chromium in industrial effluents, particularly when transformed into activated carbon.
Environmental Accounting and Corporate Disclosure: Global Research Trends and Conceptual Clusters
This study provides a bibliometric review based on 1,891 Scopus-indexed records to integrate the trends and conceptual framework discussed in environmental accounting and corporate disclosure research. The results show intensive research growth since 2015, mainly led by Chinese, American, and Australian authors. Three categories were generated through thematic analysis: environmental strategies, corporate social responsibility, and accountability modes. Environmental accounting has developed from reporting to a strategic management tool, which is closely related to corporate governance, reputation, and sustainability performance. Additional findings show that the strength of international collaboration networks has increased over time, especially with Chinese and European institutions, reflecting a trend towards increasingly globalized research collaboratives. The keyword co-occurrence map indicates a shift in research priorities, from early attention to environmental cost accounting to the latest emphasis on climate-related disclosure, ESG integration, and low-carbon transition strategies. It also shows an increasing academic focus on regulatory drivers, including IFRS S2, the EU CSRD, and national emission policies. The cross-cluster comparison of differences implies a growing similarity in environmental responsibility accounting, corporate strategy, and stakeholder expectations, which underlines a move towards more consistent and decision-useful sustainability reporting systems.
Identification of Fe and Mn Heavy Metal in Stream Sedimentation at Putri Cempo Landfill
The Putri Cempo landfill serves as the final disposal site for organic and inorganic waste. Waste from the landfill can dissolve and settle in river sediments, potentially accumulating heavy metals, such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which easily bind to organic matter. This study aims to determine the content of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) in rivers around the Putri Cempo landfill. The concentrations of Fe and Mn weres analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) according to SNI 6989.84:2019, with sediment sampling conducted in rivers around the Putri Cempo landfill. Sediment sampling in these rivers revealed Fe levels of 1519.414245 mg/L and Mn levels of 130.033 mg/L. The analysis indicated that Fe concentrations exceeded the established quality threshold, whereas Mn levels remained below it. Heavy metals like Fe and Mn negatively impact abiotic and biotic environments, including human health and agricultural productivity. Elevated heavy metal levels disrupt ecosystem balance and pose health risks, making their management crucial. Reducing heavy metals in river sediments near the landfill is essential. Remediation efforts using bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies can help mitigate these impacts. Ongoing efforts are necessary to control heavy metal contamination in river sediments, ensuring ecosystem stability and public health.
Interannual Climate Variability Impacts on Rainfall Extremes and Flooding
The Bandung metropolitan region has faced escalating flood threats (2014–2024); however, oceanic climate–rainfall relationships remain uninvestigated. This study investigates the interannual climate variability influencing extreme precipitation and flooding using historical records and the GPM-IMERG satellite measurements, which had a 90.4% correlation with BMKG. Bojongsoang (117 events), Lembang (49 events), and Braga (42 events) emerge as highest-risk areas. The peak flooding in January 2020 (15 events) coincided with the La Niña and negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phases. The average daily maximum rainfall during the wet season was 62 mm, compared with 41 mm in the dry season, with 36 heavy rain days versus 8 days. La Niña increased heavy rain days to 62.5 days compared with El Niño (38.6 days) and extreme rainfall to 399.6 mm versus 244.2 mm. Negative IOD enhanced the daily maximum to 76.8 mm versus 56.8 mm during the positive phases. Flood months showed 81.3 heavy rain days versus 14.4 in normal months. Early warning thresholds were established at >70 mm daily maximum, >60 heavy rain days, and >400 mm extreme precipitation.
Biodegradability Potential Measurement of Organic Waste to Enhance Compost Quality
This study aims to analyze the volume, weight, composition of organic waste, the characteristics of C/N, moisture content, and biodegradability fraction as a reference for biodegradability potential. Using the load count analysis method—based on modifications of SNI 19-3964-1994 and the UN-Habitat Wise Waste Cities Tools (2010)—researchers measured the daily waste generation, which amounted to approximately 11,967±2,528 liters in volume and 1.91±0.4 tons in weight. The organic waste primarily consisted of dry leaves (53%), household waste (25%), green manure and grass (17%), and vegetable waste (5%). Laboratory tests revealed the waste had a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 62.07%, a moisture content of 66.76%, and a biodegradability fraction of 7.6%. These values do not align with raw material composting standards, indicating the need for waste treatment before composting. To enhance the composting process, the study recommends separating green (nitrogen-rich) and brown (carbon-rich) materials, prioritizing the green portion as the main composting input, and drying the material initially to reduce moisture to 40–45%. Composting is highlighted as a simple, eco-friendly solution for managing organic waste, contributing to soil fertility, structure improvement, and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.
Long-Term Rainfall and Temperature Trends in East Java Under Climate Change
At present, climate change is a global issue affecting the entire world, including tropical countries such as Indonesia. Previous studies have indicated that changes in these conditions have grave impacts on hydrological disasters. Therefore, the pattern of climate change needs to be analyzed for the feasibility of adaptation and mitigation in the future. This present study developed analyses into the trend in temperature variation over East Java both on an annual and daily time scale. Observation data within a long period from 1985 to 2023 was used for comprehensive results. Methods applied include linear regression, the Man-Kendall test, and Sen's Slope test. The new finding that emerged for the temperature variable was that the increase in temperature went over the global and national averages and consistently showed a significant increasing trend across the study area. However, the rainfall variable revealed different results in highlands, where the rainfall intensity decreased-in SDII and R100, inversely proportional to coastal areas. It means that climate change does not occur uniformly everywhere but varies spatially. These findings raise a case for climate change mapping to formulate appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Evaluating Environmental Management Accounting of Community-driven Material Recovery Facility (CdRMF)
Environmental management accounting (EMA) has gained attention; however, its use in grassroots waste management remains limited, especially in communities with scarce resources. This study explores how community-driven material recovery facilities (CdMRFs), or known as waste banks, Mitra Kita in Blitar, Indonesia, apply EMA principles in their daily operations. The focus is on how local groups adapt accounting practices to maintain accountability, transparency, and sustainability, despite financial and operational constraints. A qualitative case study was conducted through interviews, observations, and document analysis, supported by triangulation and member validation. The findings show that the CdMRF develops practical financial routines for recording expenses, calculating unit costs, and preparing semiannual reports, which strengthen transparency and trust among members. Community participation plays a central role, as routine activities generate financial, social, and ecological value. However, long-term sustainability is challenged by limited managerial skills, dependence on key leaders, and fluctuating waste prices. This study expands EMA discussions by shifting attention from formal institutions to community initiatives in developing contexts. It demonstrates that simplifying accounting can make environmental management more grounded and adaptable. The findings offer guidance for policymakers seeking to strengthen CdMRFs and similar programs within broader circular economy and sustainability efforts.
Environmental Communication and Community Empowerment in CSR-based Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Production: A Case Study in Cirebon, Indonesia
Inadequate waste management in rural areas significantly contributes to environmental degradation owing to limited infrastructure and low public awareness. This study addresses a critical gap in RDF research, which has largely emphasized technical feasibility while overlooking social empowerment and institutional challenges. A qualitative case study was conducted in three villages in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia, supported by descriptive quantitative analysis. Data collection included interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and document reviews, with NVivo software used for coding and triangulation. The findings demonstrate that participatory training, decentralized waste sorting, and incentive-based schemes enhanced household waste behavior and doubled RDF output in 2023. However, persistent gendered inequalities, lack of legal status for waste units, and weak stakeholder coordination undermined long-term sustainability. This study contributes to environmental communication and empowerment scholarship by demonstrating how inclusive governance and institutional reform determine the success of waste-to-energy programs. Practically, the results provide policy guidance for CSR-based initiatives, emphasizing gender equity, participatory monitoring, and transparent financing as prerequisites for sustainable RDF governance.
Starbo-AFE Compost and Volcanic Ash Improve Coffea liberica Growth in Tropical Peat Soils
Coffee liberica is an economically important yet under-researched coffee species in Indonesia. This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of Starbo-AFE compost and volcanic ash on vegetative growth and physiological performance of C. liberica in Jambi, Indonesia. A two-factor factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design tested three compost rates (0, 250, and 500 g plant⁻¹) and three volcanic ash rates (0, 250, and 500 g plant⁻¹) with three replications. Measured variables included leaf area, primary branch diameter, number of fruiting branches, chlorophyll content, and soil chemical properties. Starbo-AFE compost significantly increased leaf area and branch diameter (p < 0.05), with the highest values at 500 g plant⁻¹, increasing by 54.6% and 17.5%, respectively, compared with the control. Volcanic ash alone showed no short-term effect; however, its combination with compost resulted in the highest chlorophyll content, indicating a synergistic response. Compost improved soil total N and organic carbon, while volcanic ash enhanced potassium availability and potential pH buffering. Overall, applying 500 g Starbo-AFE compost per plant effectively promotes early vegetative growth of C. liberica on peat soils, with volcanic ash contributing to longer-term soil fertility improvement.
Decision-Ready Composite Performance Index for Raw Water Supply Systems: PLS-SEM and Generalized Reduced Gradient
Reliable raw water service depends on asset condition, institutional capability, and watershed context; existing checklists in Indonesia fail to produce a validated, decision-ready performance score. This study develops a composite performance indicator for raw water infrastructure that incorporates technical (Tk), institutional/non-technical (NT), and environmental (Li) dimensions. Data were collected from 21 schemes in Lombok–Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia (NTB), with 160 respondents, using field assessments and 1–4 scale questionnaires. Estimated reflective formative partial least squares structural equation modeling was then applied, and GRG calibration was used to minimize deviation from field scores under non-negativity and unit sum constraints for interpretability and portability. All pillars contribute positively and significantly to the composite index, which exhibits high explanatory power (R² = 0.997). The calibrated index is PIRWSS = 0.440 PITk + 0.340 PINT + 0.220 PILi, with SSR ≈ 83.412, RMSE ≈ 0.522, MSE ≈ 5.721, and ≈ 99.70% accuracy relative to field benchmarks. A cross-site analysis shows higher performance in Lombok than in Sumbawa, reflecting hydroclimatic conditions and conveyance configurations. The index provides utilities and regulators with a transparent, reproducible framework for benchmarking and prioritizing operations, maintenance, rehabilitation, and source water protection
Sustainability Status Analysis of Urban Mangrove Management Using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) Rapfish
Kebun Raya Mangrove Surabaya is an is an urban mangrove conservation ecotourism area. However, the rise in tourism activities, institutional limitations, and lack of proper facilities have become major issues in the area. This study aims to examine the status of discontinuation in the management of ecotourism areas using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method within a rap-tourism framework. The analysis will cover 43 assessment attributes for five dimensions of tourism: ecology, economy, social, institutions, and infrastructure and technology. The findings of the study revealed that the sustainability index values are as follows: ecological (86.25), economic (63.52), social (89.13), institutional (84.51), and infrastructure and technology (88.07), all indicating high sustainability. The study found that this area has a sustainability index result with an overall average value of 82.30, which falls into the highly sustainable category. The findings suggest that Surabaya mangrove ecotourism is in good condition; however, improvements are needed, particularly in the economic dimension, which requires the most strengthening to maintain long-term sustainability.