DIASPORA SUKU BUGIS DAN TERBENTUKNYA IDENTITAS TO-UGI’ DI WILAYAH TANAH BUMBU, RESIDENSI BORNEO BAGIAN SELATAN DAN TIMUR, TAHUN 1900-1942

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to study the Bugis diaspora to the southeastern part of Borneo and its contribution to the formation of the so called to-Ugi ' identity during the period 1900-1942. The issues to be examined includes the relationship between the Bugis diaspora and the identity formation of to Ugi' especially in Tanah Bumbu region, Residency of Zuider- en Oosterafdeeling van Borneo in during 1900-1942. Besides, this research also tries to answere of why the Bugis people could maintain its identity in the interaction with other tribes in the area of ​​the Tanah Bumbu in 1900-1942.  This study found that there are two stages to the Bugis diaspora in Borneo (Kalimantan) region. The first phase occurred after the fall of Makassar by the VOC in 1669. Diaspora was pioneered by the prince and some of his followers who were also descendants of the nobility. In addition to political factors, the diaspora was also motivated by Bugispeopleinstinctivelywander or sompe'.The second phase of diaspora occurred in the early of 1900s. It closely linked with the expansion of Dutch colonial rule in South Sulawesi. Then the economic factors, namely to find more areas of potential in the field of fisheries, agriculture and plantations. This causes the formation of diaspora identity to Ugi' the emergence of kampoeng-kampoeng Boegis, mappanretasi’ ceremony, "boat building industry” in Kampoeng Pedjala, social mobility among the to-maradeka into the economic elite, patron-client relationship of Buginese or ajjoareng-joa, and the solidarity of the Bugisnese or pesse'.

Keywords: diaspora, identity, patron-client relationship.