THE EFFECT OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN OF CRAB SHELL ON WATER SORPTION OF ISOTHERM AND DENATURATION OF MYOFIBRILS DURING DEHYDRATION PROCESS

Abstract

Indonesian shrimp production is estimated at approximately  342,000 tons per year, followed by crab production at the level of more than 200,000 tons annually. Apparently, 50 – 60% out of the total production consists  of waste in the form of crab shell.  Crab shell is  rich in chitin, chitosan, and cellulose. The United States, Japan and other  developed industrial  countries have used chitin, chitosan, and cellulose as  raw material for various purposes, such as toxic waste processing, water purification, enzyme immobilization, skin and hair cosmetics, bone connecting, biomedicine, paper and textile industry, pharmacology, film, food industry, feed and others Chitin (C8H13NO5) is a Poly-b-N-Acetyl-D-GlucoSamine standing for a natural biopolymer, which constructs the shells of crab species. Chitin cannot be examined as a pure essence, since it is melt with rich texture of protein, CaCO3, fat pigmen, and small amount of metals. In order to fabricate Chitosan, one should demolish the Acetyl cluster of Chitin by employing strong alkalis. Chitin makes up the combination between Poly (N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-b-D-gluco-piranosa) and N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopiranosa. To find out the effect of chitin and chitosan from crab shell on the water sorption isotherm of myofibrils protein during dehydration process, chitin and chitosan from crab shell were added to myofibrils protein at the ratio of ratio 2,5 – 7,5 g / 100 g,  homogenized, and afterwards dried in a dessicator. After some time, moisture content, water activity (Aw), Ca-ATPase activity, and proximate were analyzed. Mono layer water was analyzed according to Brunauer’s method (1968), multi-layer water was analyzed according to Bull’s method (1944), whereas Ca-ATPase activity was analyzed using the formula introduced by Katoh et. al. (1977). The result of the analyses shows that a higher concentration of chitin and chitosan on myofibrils resulted in higher amount of mono-layer and multi-layer water. The presence of different amount of mono-layer and multi-layer water indicates that the state of water changing occurs on myofibrils protein which in turn affects its quality. Likewise, the  increase of chitin and chitosan concentration  suppresses the  decrease of  acceleration of Ca-ATPase activity.