BibTex Citation Data :
@article{GT90343, author = {Gilar Wirayudha and Fakhruddin Mangkusasmito}, title = {Rancang Bangun Thermal Energy Storage Sebagai Penyimpanan Energi Berbasis Solar Panel}, journal = {Gema Teknologi}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, year = {2025}, keywords = {silica sand, solar energy, sand battery, thermal energy storage, storage efficiency.}, abstract = { The intermittent nature of solar energy causes photovoltaic power output to fluctuate with solar irradiance, requiring an energy storage system to maintain energy availability when panel output decreases. This study designs, constructs, and evaluates a silica-sand-based Thermal Energy Storage prototype powered directly by photovoltaic panels. The prototype uses 57 kg of silica sand with a particle size of 30–50 mesh as a sensible heat storage medium. The final configuration employs two 545 Wp photovoltaic panels connected in series, two series-connected resistive heaters rated at 42 V and 500 W each, two K-type thermocouples, and rockwool-aluminum foil insulation. An ESP32 and Arduino Nano monitoring system records sand temperature, voltage, current, power, and estimated solar irradiance to a spreadsheet. Three configurations were evaluated. The highest temperature increased from 103.63°C in the first configuration to 195.13°C in the second and 230.13°C in the third. Complete insulation enabled the system to retain an average temperature of 100.09°C after approximately 16 h of cooling, with an average cooling rate of 5.84°C/h. For the analyzed charging period, 4,099 Wh of electrical energy produced 1,703.49 Wh of stored thermal energy, corresponding to a thermal storage efficiency of 41.56%. The results show that increasing the number of panels and heaters, combined with comprehensive insulation, improves heating and heat-retention performance. }, issn = {2656-582X}, pages = {69--72} doi = {10.14710/gt.v23i2.90343}, url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/gema_teknologi/article/view/90343} }
Refworks Citation Data :
The intermittent nature of solar energy causes photovoltaic power output to fluctuate with solar irradiance, requiring an energy storage system to maintain energy availability when panel output decreases. This study designs, constructs, and evaluates a silica-sand-based Thermal Energy Storage prototype powered directly by photovoltaic panels. The prototype uses 57 kg of silica sand with a particle size of 30–50 mesh as a sensible heat storage medium. The final configuration employs two 545 Wp photovoltaic panels connected in series, two series-connected resistive heaters rated at 42 V and 500 W each, two K-type thermocouples, and rockwool-aluminum foil insulation. An ESP32 and Arduino Nano monitoring system records sand temperature, voltage, current, power, and estimated solar irradiance to a spreadsheet. Three configurations were evaluated. The highest temperature increased from 103.63°C in the first configuration to 195.13°C in the second and 230.13°C in the third. Complete insulation enabled the system to retain an average temperature of 100.09°C after approximately 16 h of cooling, with an average cooling rate of 5.84°C/h. For the analyzed charging period, 4,099 Wh of electrical energy produced 1,703.49 Wh of stored thermal energy, corresponding to a thermal storage efficiency of 41.56%. The results show that increasing the number of panels and heaters, combined with comprehensive insulation, improves heating and heat-retention performance.
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