BUREAUCRATIC OVERLOAD PETUGAS PEMASYARAKATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF STREET-LEVEL DAN EKONOMI POLITIK

Abstract

This article discusses the phenomenon of bureaucratic overload in the Indonesian correctional system, focusing on the experiences of field officers at the Boyolali Class IIB Detention Center. Correctional officers at the implementation level often perform dual roles that exceed their normative functions under limited resource conditions. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using thematic and interpretative analysis techniques, based on data from observations, in-depth interviews, internal institutional documents, and formal regulations. The findings reveal that bureaucratic overload is not merely a result of technical or managerial shortcomings but is also influenced by institutional design and political incentive structures that do not prioritize frontline bureaucracy. It is significantly influenced by institutional design that is not yet optimal in terms of the separation of functions between detention centers and prisons, disproportionate human resource ratios, and prison transfer mechanisms that are not yet systematic, all of which contribute to an increased workload for officers. This article recommends a comprehensive approach to system reform, starting from regulatory reform, service digitalization, strengthening the capacity of technical implementation units, to decentralizing authority based on real needs in order to reduce bureaucratic burdens and strengthen the role of correctional officers as the frontline of public service