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Analisis Konsentrasi, Distribusi dan Potensi Sumber Logam Berat Pada Air Permukaan dan Air Tanah di Pesisir Parangtritis Yogyakarta

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55584, Indonesia

Received: 6 Nov 2024; Revised: 3 Feb 2026; Accepted: 11 Feb 2026; Published: 15 Mar 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

Citation Format:
Abstract
Penggunaan air tanah sebagai sumber utama air bersih dan air minum menyebabkan permasalahan sumber daya air di seluruh pesisir dunia. Di Indonesia, kawasan Pesisir Parangtritis merupakan destinasi wisata populer yang juga memanfaatkan air tanah sebagai sumber air bersih dan dan air minum. Meskipun kuantitas air tanah di Parangtritis masih aman, permasalahan kualitas air tanah menjadi isu yang saat ini penting untuk dikaji. Logam berat merupakan salah satu unsur berbahaya yang dapat mencemari air tanah di Parangtritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi, pola sebaran, dan potensi sumber logam berat di wilayah Parangtritis. Pengumpulan sebanyak 34 lokasi sampel serta analisis laboratorium untuk menentukan konsentrasi logam Pb, Cd, Cr, dan Cu merupakan pendekatan utama dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 17 sampel air permukaan dan 17 sampel air tanah dianalisis menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Selain itu, wawancara terhadap 34 responden juga menjadi data tambahan dalam analisis dampak konsentrasi logam berat terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa logam Cd secara signifikan melebihi standar air minum Indonesia pada hampir semua sampel, sedangkan Cr dan Cu menunjukkan konsentrasi yang rendah pada hampir semua lokasi sampel. Analisis pola sebaran juga mengindikasikan penggunaan lahan pertanian pada bagian utara-tengah berasosiasi dengan tingginya konsentrasi Cd dan Pb. Atas dasar tersebut, aktivitas pertanian menjadi salah satu faktor potensial yang berkontribusi terhadap tingginya konsentrasi Pb dan Cd di lokasi penelitian.  Namun demikian, karena analisis potensi sumber dalam penelitian ini masih bersifat kualitatif, analisis kuantitatif terhadap sumber dan mekanisme terjadinya Pb dan Cd pada air permukaan dan air tanah sangat penting dilakukan pada penelitian yang akan datang. Langkah ini penting sebagai upaya awal mengedukasi dan melindungi masyarakat dari pencemaran Pb dan Cd di kawasan Parangtritis yang notabene masih minim sekali informasi dan pengetahuan tentang pencemaran logam berat pada sumber air bersih mereka.
Keywords: Air tanah, Logam berat, Cd, Pb, Parangtritis

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