DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.14.1.51-58

Consumption of prebiotic sources significantly affects children’s height in a stunting locus village in Bogor Regency, Indonesia

1Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

2Dietitian Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

Received: 3 Jul 2025; Revised: 13 Sep 2025; Accepted: 1 Oct 2025; Available online: 30 Dec 2025; Published: 30 Dec 2025.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: 1Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children due to chronic nutrient deficiencies for a long time, especially during the first 1000 days of life. The results of the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) also showed a decrease in the stunting rate from 27.7% in 2019 to 21.6% in 2023. The 2022 SSGI data recorded that 18.7% of children in Bogor Regency were still stunted. The current reduction in stunting is still far from the target of the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan, where the number of stunted children in Indonesia is only 14%. Children are classified as stunted if the length/height z-score-for-age is <-2 SD. Stunting can occur due to poor gastrointestinal conditions. Prebiotics and probiotics play an important role in helping to maintain gastrointestinal health.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the consumption of prebiotic and probiotic food sources and the z-score of height/length for age.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 children aged 6-59 months in the stunting locus village of Bogor Regency. Height/length data were obtained using a stadiometer and infantometer. Assessment of food consumption of prebiotic and probiotic sources was conducted through interviews using the Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire form. Bivariate test used Pearson correlation test and multivariate test used multiple linear regression test.

Results: The data showed that 48% of children were stunted, and 52% were normal. Bivariate test showed correlations of food consumption of prebiotic sources (r =0.274, p=0.006) and probiotics (r=0.264, p=0.008) with height/length z-score. Multivariate test results showed that consumption of prebiotic sources influenced length/height z-score for age (β=0.007, 95%CI: 0.002-0.011, p=0.003).

Conclusion: Consumption of prebiotic food sources in children can improve the z-score of height-for-age.

Keywords : Consumption; height; probiotics; prebiotics; stunting

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Keywords: Consumption; height; probiotics; prebiotics; stunting
Funding: Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia; Bogor Regency Health Office

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