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Effect of rumen-protected fat on in vitro rumen fermentation and apparent biohydrogenation of fatty acids

A. A. Behan  -  Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
L. T. Chwen  -  Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
U. Kaka  -  Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
*A. I. Muhammad orcid  -  Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
A. A. Samsudin  -  Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) on in vitro fermentation profiles and biohydrogenation of fatty acids. The treatment diets were basal diet (70:30 concentrate to rice straw) with no RPF (CON), basal diet plus prilled fat (PF), basal diet plus prilled fat with lecithin (PFL) and basal diet plus calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). In vitro gas production, fermentation kinetics, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), rumen fermentation and fatty acid profile were determined. The results show that RPF did not affect cumulative gas production and gas production kinetics. PFL significantly (p < 0.05) improved IVDMD and IVOMD, although the addition of RPF did not affect ME. The volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH, ammonia nitrogen, methane, and molar proportion of VFA were not significantly influenced by the RPF; methane was numerically reduced because of PFL treatment. The concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased (p < 0.05) whereas that of saturated fatty acids decreased in the control diet. The biohydrogenation of C18:2n-6 and C18 unsaturated fatty acids was enhanced (p < 0.05) by PFL. These findings suggest that PFL enhances gas production, decreases methane and increases the biohydrogenation of C18:2n6 without disrupting rumen fermentation.

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Keywords: Biohydrogenation; Fatty acid; Gas production; In vitro fermentation; Rumen-protected fat

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