DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.22.2.170-178

Spatial Analysis of Environmental Conditions in The Incidence of Leptospirosis in Kebumen Regency

1Program Studi Magister Kesehatan Lingkungan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

2Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit, Jl. Hasanudin No.123 Salatiga, Indonesia

3Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2023 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Judul: Analisis Spasial Kondisi Lingkungan pada Kejadian Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Kebumen

Latar belakang: Kabupaten Kebumen tercatat ada 23 kasus leptospirosis tahun 2021 dan 37 kasus leptospirosis tahun 2022 hingga Bulan Agustus. Salah satu upaya penanggulangan dan pencegahan penyakit yaitu spasial penyakit berbasis lingkungan. GIS (Geographic Information System) bermanfaat untuk mengetahui pola spasial penyakit yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui distribusi dan melakukan analisis spasial faktor lingkungan terhadap kejadian leptospirosis di Kabupaten Kebumen.

Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain secara cross sectional melalui pendekatan spasial. Jumlah sampel sebesar 56 kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Kebumen tahun 2021 dan tahun 2022 hingga bulan Agustus. Pengumpulan data titik koordinat rumah kasus menggunakan alat GPS (Global Positioning System). Pengambilan data dilakukan selama 2 bulan. Analisis data dilakukan melalui ArcGIS 10.3, dan SaTScan 10.1.

Hasil: Distribusi kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Kebumen tersebar di 20 Kecamatan, 12,5% kasus ditemukan di Kecamatan Kutowinangun, mayoritas sebesar 32,14% kasus berumur 50-59 tahun, 83,93% kasus diderita laki-laki, 48,21% kasus berpendidikan rendah (SD) dan 66,07% kasus bekerja sebagai petani. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan 54% kasus tinggal di wilayah dengan kepadatan penduduk rendah (417-1025 jiwa/km2), 76,79% ketinggian tempat 0-100 mdpl, punya riwayat banjir, 80,36% di wilayah pedesaan, 57,14% kasus berada > 1 km dari sungai, 87,5% kasus berada pada radius <500 m dengan sawah, dan terbentuk pola cluster yang signifikan (p value = 0.0015) yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Mirit. 

Simpulan: Kasus leptospirosis banyak ditemukan di wilayah pedesaan dengan kepadatan penduduk rendah, berada di wilayah dataran rendah, daerah kasus pernah mengalami riwayat banjir, lokasi kasus dengan sungai radius > 1 km, lokasi kasus dengan sawah radius <500 m, dan terjadi kluster di Kecamatan Mirit. Kegiatan pengendalian terpadu maupun pencegahan dapat difokuskan pada daerah kluster tersebut.

 

ABSTRACT

Background: Kebumen Regency recorded 23 cases of leptospirosis in 2021 and 37 cases of leptospirosis in 2022 until August. One of the efforts to overcome and prevent disease is the environment-based spatial disease. GIS (Geographic Information System ) is useful for knowing the spatial patterns of diseases related to the environment.  The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution and conduct a spatial analysis of environmental factors on the incidence of leptospirosis in Kebumen Regency.

Method: The type of research is analytic observational with cross-sectional design through a spatial approach. The number of samples was 56 cases of leptospirosis in Kebumen Regency in 2021 and 2022 until August. Data collection of home case coordinates using GPS (Global Positioning System) tools. Data collection is carried out for 2 months. Data analysis was performed  using ArcGIS 10.3, and SaTScan 10.1.

Result: The distribution of leptospirosis cases in Kebumen Regency is spread across 20 sub-districts, 12.5% of cases are found in Kutowinangun district, the majority of 32.14% of cases are aged 50-59 years, 83.93% of cases are suffered by men, 48.21% of cases are low-educated and 66.07% of cases of working as farmers. The results of the spatial analysis showed that 54% of cases lived in areas with low population density (417-1025 people / km2), 76.79% of altitude of 0-100 meters above sea level, had a history of flooding, 80.36% in the rural areas, 57.14% of cases were > 1 km from the rivers, 87.5% of cases were  in a  radius of  <500 m with rice fields, and a significant cluster pattern was formed (p-value = 0.0015) located in Mirit District.

Conclusion: Leptospirosis cases are found in rural areas with low population density in lowland areas, case areas that have experienced a history of flooding, case locations with rivers with a radius of > 1 km, case locations with rice fields with a radius of <500 m, and clusters occur in Mirit District. Integrated control and prevention activities can be focused on the cluster area.

 

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  CTA
Copyright Transfer Agreement
Subject
Type CTA
  Download (119KB)    Indexing metadata
 CP
Certificate Proofreading
Subject Leptospirosis, Kebumen, spatial, cluster
Type CP
  Download (176KB)    Indexing metadata
 ES
Etichal Statement
Subject
Type ES
  Download (201KB)    Indexing metadata
 Turnitin
Turnitin
Subject
Type Turnitin
  Download (3MB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Leptospirosis; Kebumen; spatial; cluster

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Hubungan Pajanan Merkuri Dengan Gejala Neurologis Pada Penambang Emas Tradisional Di Kecamatan Mantikulore Kota Palu Analisis Model Intervensi Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik Pada Generasi X Di Kota Medan Pengelolaan Sampah dari Hulu ke Hilir di Kota Bandung Halaman Sampul Halaman Belakang More recent articles
Most cited articles
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Angka Kuman Dalam Air Produk Air Minum Isi Ulang di Pemalang Faktor Risiko Lingkungan Fisik Rumah dan Karakteristik Wilayah Sebagai Determinan Kejadian Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura Provinsi Papua Hubungan Antara Kadar Fenol Dalam Urin Dengan Kadar Hb, Eritrosit, Trombosit Dan Leukosit (Studi Pada Tenaga Kerja Di Industri Karoseri CV Laksana Semarang) Hubungan Kondisi Lingkungan Rumah, Sosial Ekonomi, dan Perilaku Masyarakat Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kecamatan Pekalongan Selatan Kota Pekalongan Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Keracunan Merkuri Pada Penambang Emas Tradisional di Desa Jendi Kecamatan Selogiri Kabupaten Wonogiri More cited articles
  1. Costa F, Graco CZ, Ribeiro GS, Santos N, Reis RB, Martins RD, et al. Household rat infestation in urban slum populations : Development and validation of a predictive score for leptospirosis. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2021;(March):1–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009154
  2. Adler B, de la Peña Moctezuma A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Veterinary Microbiology. 2010 Jan;140:287–96. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378113509001163.
  3. Costa F, Hagan JE, Calcagno J, Kane M, Torgerson P, Martinez-Silveira MS, et al. Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2015 Sep 17;17(september):1–19. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898
  4. WHO. Human Leptospirosis : Guidance for Diagnosis, surveillance and control. Malta : WHO. 2003
  5. Notobroto HB, Mirasa YA, Rahman FS. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental factors associated with the incidence of leptospirosis in highlands of Ponorogo Regency, Province of East Java, Indonesia. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2021;12:1–5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100911
  6. Widjajanti W. Epidemiologi, diagnosis, dan pencegahan Leptospirosis. Journal of Health Epidemiology and Communicable Disease. 2020;5(2):62–8. https://doi.org/10.22435/jhecds.v5i2.174
  7. Schneider AG, Casanovas-Massana A, Hacker KP, Wunder EA, Begon M, Reis MG, et al. Quantification of pathogenic Leptospira in the soils of a Brazilian urban slum. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2018 Apr 6;12(4):1–15. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006415.
  8. Thibeaux R, Geroult S, Benezech C, Chabaud S, Soupé-Gilbert M-E, Girault D, et al. Seeking the environmental source of Leptospirosis reveals durable bacterial viability in river soils. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2017;11(2):1–14. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005414.
  9. Haake DA, Levett PN. Leptospirosis in Human. Vol. 387, Current Topics in Microbiology and Inmunology. 2015. 65–97 p. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8.
  10. Sakundarno M, Bertolatti D, Maycock B, Spickett J, Dhaliwal S. Risk factors for leptospirosis infection in humans and implications for public health intervention in indonesia and the Asia-Pacific region. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2014;26(1):15–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513498768
  11. Haq A, Anggraini S, Masnarivan Y. Environmental Factors Related to Leptospirosis in Indonesia: A Systematic Review. In: Proceedings of the Third Andalas International Public Health Conference, AIPHC 2019. 2020. p. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-10-2019.2297166
  12. Naing C, Reid SA, Aye SN, Htet NH, Ambu S. Risk factors for human leptospirosis following flooding: A meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217643
  13. Rejeki DSS, Murhandarwati EH, Kusnanto H. Analisis Spasial Malaria di Ekosistem Perbukitan Menoreh: Studi Kasus Malaria Bulan September-Desember 2015. Kes Mas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2018;12(2):120–32. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v12i1.4030
  14. Sulistyawati S, Nirmalawati T, Mardenta RN. Spatial Analysis of Leptospirosis Disease in Bantul Regency Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kesehataan Masyarakat. 2016;12(1):111–9. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v12i1.4615
  15. Pramatama S, Wijayanti M, Octaviana D, Anandari D. Aplikasi Tehnologi Sistem Informasi Geografis Untuk Meningkatkan Sistem Surveilans Penyakit Menular Di Kabupaten Banyumas. Jurnal Abdimas. 2019;22(2):221–6
  16. Idayani TN, Windraswara R, Prameswari GN. Analisis Spasial Faktor Risiko Lingkungan Dengan Kejadian Kusta Di Wilayah Pesisir. Higeia Journal of Public Health Research and Development. 2017;1(4):120–30
  17. Joharina AS, Pujiyanti A, Nugroho A, Martiningsih I, Handayani FD. Peran Tikus Sebagai Reservoir Leptospira di Tiga Ekosistem di Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan. 2019;47(3):191–8. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v47i3.1885
  18. Pratamawati S, Ristiyanto R, Handayani F, Kinansi R. Faktor Risiko Perilaku Masyarakat Pada Kejadian Luar Biasa Leptospirosis Kabupaten Kebumen Tahun 2017. Vektora: Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit. 2018;10(2):135–42. https://doi.org/10.22435/vk.v10i1.1079
  19. Janah M, Rejeki DSS, Nurlaela S. Analisis Kondisi Lingkungan pada Kejadian Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Banyumas dengan Pendekatan Spasial. ASPIRATOR - Jurnal Penyakit Tular Vektor. 2021;13(2):89–100. https://doi.org/10.22435/asp.v13i2.4837
  20. Nurbeti M, Kusnanto H, Nugroho WS. Kasus-Kasus Leptospirosis Di Perbatasan Kabupaten Bantul, Sleman, Dan Kulon Progo: Analisis Spasial. Jurnal Kesmas. 2016;10(1):1–14
  21. Sholichah Z, Ikawati B, Marbawati D, Majid M, Ningsih P. Peran Tikus Got (Rattus norvegicus) dari Kelompok Tikus dan Suncus sebagai Penular Utama Leptospirosis di Semarang. Jurnal Vektor Penyakit. 2021;15(1):53–62. Available from: http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php.
  22. Supranelfy Y, Suryaningtyas NH, Oktarina R. Analisis Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Distribusi Jenis Tikus yang Terkonfirmasi sebagai reservoir Leptospirosis di Tiga Kabupaten di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Vektora. 2019;11(1):31–8. https://doi.org/10.22435/vk.v11i1.1144
  23. Rahim A, R.Yudhastuti. Pemetaan dan analisis faktor risiko lingkungan kejadian leptospirosis berbasis sistem informasi geografi (SIG) di Kabupaten Sampang. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 2015;8(1):48–56. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v8i1.2015.48-56
  24. Rahayu S, Adi M, Saraswati L. Pemetaan Faktor Risiko Lingkungan Leptospirosis Dan Penentuan Zona Tingkat Kerawanan Leptospirosis Di Kabupaten Demak Menggunakan Remote Sensing Image. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro. 2017;5(1):218–25
  25. Sholichah Z, Wijayanti T, Raharjo J, Widiastuti D, Ningsih DP, Priyanto D, et al. Spot Survei Reservoir Leptospira di Daerah Dataran Rendah dan Dataran Tinggi. Jurnal Litbang: Media Informasi Penelitian, Pengembangan dan IPTEK. 2020;16(2):129–38. https://doi.org/10.33658/jl.v16i2.162
  26. Ikawati B, Widiastuti D. Dominant factors influencing Leptospira sp infection in rat and suncus. Health Science Journal Indonesia. 2012;3(2):27–30
  27. Barragan V, Olivas S, Keim P, Pearson T. Critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of environmental cycling and transmission of Leptospira spp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2017;83(19):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01190-17
  28. Zukhruf IA, Sukendra DM. Analisis Spasial Kasus Leptospirosis Berdasar Faktor Epidemiologi dan Faktor Risiko Lingkungan. Higeia Journal of Public Health Research and Development. 2020;4(4):587–98
  29. Cahyati WH, Kumalasari LD. Analisis Spasial Faktor Lingkungan Leptospirosis di Kecamatan Bonang Kabupaten Demak Tahun 2018. Visikes: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2020;19(1):196–211
  30. Nurhandoko F, Arum Siwiendrayanti. Zona Kerentanan Kejadian Leptospirosis Ditinjau dari Sisi Lingkungan. Higeia Journal of Public Health Research and Development. 2018;2(3):498–509
  31. Hassan HA, Daud A, Ismail AF, Aziz NRA, A F, Shafei MN, et al. A Geographical Information System on Related Environmental Factors of Leptospirosis in Northeastern State Malaysia. International Journal of Rural Development, Environmental and Health Research. 2018;2(1):26–36. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.2.1.4
  32. Rejeki DSS, Nurlaela S, Octaviana D. Pemetaan dan Analisis Faktor Risiko Leptospirosis. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2013;8(4):179–86. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v0i0.397
  33. Deshmukh P, Narang R, Jain J, Jain M, Pote K, Narang P, et al. Leptospirosis in Wardha District, Central India—Analysis of hospital based surveillance data. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2019;7(1):102–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2018.02.005

Last update:

  1. Association of geographical factors with leptospirosis incidence in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta

    Tri Wulandari Kesetyaningsih, Kusbaryanto Kusbaryanto, Noviyanti Listyaningrum. 12TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NEW PARADIGM AND INNOVATION ON NATURAL SCIENCES AND ITS APPLICATIONS (12TH ISNPINSA): Contribution of Science and Technology in the Changing World, 3165 , 2024. doi: 10.1063/5.0218114

Last update: 2024-12-21 06:53:29

No citation recorded.