DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.81798

Kondisi Lingkungan Hunian dan Prevalensi ISPA pada Anak Balita dalam Masyarakat Adat Papua Selatan

1Program Studi Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura , Indonesia

2Program Studi Sarjana Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura , Indonesia

3Program Doktor Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya , Indonesia

4 Program Studi Sistem Informasi, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura , Indonesia

5 Department of Computer Technology and Information Security, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia , Indonesia

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Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih banyak ditemukan pada anak usia bawah lima tahun, terutama pada masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah terpencil Papua Selatan. Besarnya permasalahan tersebut diduga berkaitan dengan kelayakan tempat tinggal dan kebiasaan anggota rumah tangga pada komunitas adat setempat.

Metode: Studi analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang dilaksanakan di Kampung Hubinangge, Kabupaten Boven Digoel, Papua Selatan. Seluruh kepala keluarga yang mempunyai anak berusia di bawah lima tahun diikutsertakan, dengan jumlah 110 responden. Informasi penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur dan pemeriksaan langsung terhadap lingkungan rumah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, dilanjutkan dengan uji chi-square dan pemodelan multivariat menggunakan interval kepercayaan 95%.

Hasil: Ventilasi yang belum sesuai standar ditemukan pada 69,1% rumah, sedangkan 70,0% rumah memiliki kepadatan penghuni yang tinggi. Paparan asap rokok di dalam rumah dialami oleh 59,1% balita, sementara prevalensi ISPA mencapai 66,4%. Model multivariat mengidentifikasi hubungan bermakna antara ISPA dan ventilasi yang tidak layak (PR = 1,72; 95% CI: 1,28–2,31), kepadatan hunian tinggi (PR = 1,58; 95% CI: 1,17–2,14), serta paparan asap rokok dalam rumah (PR = 1,89; 95% CI: 1,36–2,62). Paparan asap rokok menunjukkan hubungan paling kuat.

Simpulan: Kelayakan ventilasi, kepadatan penghuni, dan paparan asap rokok berkaitan dengan prevalensi ISPA pada balita. Perbaikan lingkungan tempat tinggal dan penerapan rumah bebas asap rokok melalui keterlibatan komunitas perlu menjadi prioritas pencegahan.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Household Environmental Conditions and ARI Prevalence among Under-Five Children in Indigenous Communities of South Papua

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain common among children under five, particularly among populations living in remote areas of South Papua. The persistent burden of ARIs in indigenous communities may be associated with inadequate housing conditions and household practices.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken in Hubinangge Village, Boven Digoel Regency, South Papua. All 110 household heads with children younger than five years were included in the study. Information was obtained through structured interviews and direct assessments of the residential environment. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and multivariable modeling were applied, with estimates reported at a 95% confidence level.

Results: Inadequate ventilation was identified in 69.1% of households, while 70.0% had high residential density. Indoor tobacco smoke exposure affected 59.1% of under-five children, and the prevalence of ARIs was 66.4%. The multivariable model demonstrated significant associations between ARIs and inadequate ventilation (PR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.28–2.31), high residential density (PR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.17–2.14), and indoor tobacco smoke exposure (PR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.36–2.62). Tobacco smoke exposure had the strongest association.

Conclusion:  Household ventilation, residential density, and indoor tobacco smoke exposure were associated with ARI prevalence among children under five. Preventive measures should prioritize healthier housing conditions and community-supported smoke-free home initiatives.

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Keywords: ISPA; Lingkungan rumah; Balita; Komunitas adat Papua

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