DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v23i2.82341

Modeling Shipping Route Optimization Based On Seasonal Ocean Current Variability Using The Ant Colony Algorithm

*Brachmantiyo Rachman Pratama orcid  -  Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya, Indonesia
Erik Sugianto orcid scopus publons  -  Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya, Indonesia
Supartono Supartono  -  Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya, Indonesia
Stevanus Fransiscus Sahusilawahe  -  Akademi Maritim (AKMI) Suaka Bahari Cirebon, Indonesia
Received: 9 Feb 2026; Published: 1 Jul 2026.
Editor(s): Muhammad Iqbal
Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Indonesia has dense and strategic shipping routes, while seasonal ocean currents in the Java Sea often affect vessel travel time. On palm-oil shipping routes from Kumai to ports in Java, route efficiency is crucial because fuel is the largest operational cost. The variability of ocean currents makes conventional routes not always the most efficient choice. This study uses 2024 ocean-current data from the Copernicus Marine Service and the technical specifications of MT Nusaniwe to calculate effective speed, travel time, and fuel consumption. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is applied to evaluate route combinations between ports under different seasonal current conditions. The methodology includes current analysis, effective-speed formulation, fuel-consumption calculation, and route-optimization simulations for the west and east monsoon seasons. Previous studies have not integrated ACO with seasonal oceanographic data in route optimization, forming the basis of the research gap addressed in this study. The results show that ACO-based routes integrated with oceanographic data are more efficient than conventional routes, achieving notable reductions in travel time and fuel consumption. This model demonstrates that utilizing seasonal currents can enhance vessel operational efficiency and support voyage planning based on oceanographic information.

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Keywords: Route Optimization; Ocean; Currents, Monsoon; Ant Colony Optimization; Maritime Shipping

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