Hubungan Tingkat Stres dan Status Anemia dengan Dismenorea Primer Pada Siswi Kelas XII di SMAN 1 Nganjuk

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Dismenorea primer banyak ditemui pada wanita usia sekitar 17-24 tahun dan masih menjadi permasalahan yang dikeluhkan bagi remaja putri karena dapat menyebabkan terganggunya aktivitas sehari-hari dan tertinggalnya mata pelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres, status anemia dengan dismenorea primer pada siswi kelas XII di SMAN 1 Nganjuk.

Metode: Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional ini dilakukan kepada 74 siswi dengan metode proportional stratified random sampling dari 213 siswi kelas XII SMAN 1 Nganjuk. Variabel bebas yang diteliti adalah tingkat stres dan status anemia, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah dismenorea primer. Data karakteristik seperti usia menarche, lama menstruasi, riwayat keluarga, dan kebiasaan sarapan diperoleh dengan wawancara terstruktur. Profil status gizi seperti IMT/U, kecukupan kalsium, magnesium, Fe dan vitamin E dan status anemia, berturut-turut, diperiksa dengan pengukuran antropometri, formulir semi-FFQ dan food picture, pengukuran kadar hemoglobin menggunakan Hemochroma. Penentuan tingkat aktivitas fisik, tingkat stress dan  persepsi dismenorea primer, berturut-turut, dilakukan dengan kuesioner IPAQ, DASS 42, dan MSQ.  Uji bivariat dianalisis menggunakan Chi Square dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05.

Hasil: Sebanyak 34% remaja putri mengalami dismenorea primer, anemia 71,6% dan yang mengalami stres 56,8%. Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres (p=0,002; C=0,339) dan status anemia (p=0,001; C=0,552) dengan dismenorea primer. Lama menstruasi (p=0,008; C=0,293), riwayat keluarga (p=0,010; C=0,287), tingkat kecukupan kalsium (p=0,001; C=0,640), tingkat kecukupan Fe (p=0,009; C=0,639) serta tingkat kecukupan vitamin E (p=0,001; C=0,596) juga berhubungan dengan dismenorea primer.

Simpulan: Dismenorea primer remaja putri berhubungan dengan tingkat stres dan status anemia. Namun demikian, dismenorea primer juga dipengaruhi oleh lama menstruasi, riwayat keluarga, tingkat kecukupan kalsium, Fe dan vitamin E.

Kata kunci: tingkat stres, status anemia, dismenorea primer, siswi SMA, Nganjuk

ABSTRACT

Title: Relationship between Stress Level and Anemia Status with Primary Dysmenorrhoea in Class XII Students at SMAN 1 Nganjuk

Background: Primary dysmenorrhoea is mostly found in women aged around 17-24 years and is still a problem that is complained of for young women because it can cause disruption of daily activities and lagging subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of stress levels, anemia status with primary dysmenorrhoea in class XII students at SMAN 1 Nganjuk.

Method: This cross sectional design study was conducted on 74 students using proportional stratified random sampling method from 213 students of class XII SMAN 1 Nganjuk. The independent variables studied were stress level and anemia status, while the dependent variable was primary dysmenorrhoea. Data on characteristics such as menarche age, menstrual period, family history, and breakfast habits were obtained by structured interview. Nutritional status profiles such as BMI /U, adequate calcium, magnesium, Fe and vitamin E and anemia status, respectively, were examined by anthropometric measurements, semi-FFQ forms and food pictures, measurement of hemoglobin levels using Hemochroma. Determination of the level of physical activity, stress levels and perception of primary dysmenorrhoea, respectively, was carried out with the IPAQ questionnaire, DASS 42, and MSQ. Bivariate test was analyzed using Chi Square with a significance level of 0.05.

Results: As many as 34% of adolescent girls experienced primary dysmenorrhoea, anemia 71.6% and those experiencing stress 56.8%. There is a relationship between stress level (p = 0.002; C = 0.339) and anemia status (p = 0.001; C = 0.552) with primary dysmenorrhoea. Menstrual duration (p = 0.008; C = 0,293), family history (p = 0.010; C = 0,287), calcium adequacy level (p = 0,001; C = 0,640), adequacy level of Fe (p = 0,009; C = 0,639) and adequate levels of vitamin E (p = 0.001; C = 0.596) are also associated with primary dysmenorrhoea.

Conclusion: Primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescent girls is associated with stress levels and anemia status. However, primary dysmenorrhoea is also influenced by menstrual length, family history, adequate levels of calcium, Fe and vitamin E.

Keywords: Stress Level, Anemia Status, Primary Dysmenorrhoea, High School Girls, Nganjuk