Gambaran Pola Asuh Ibu yang Berhasil Membebaskan Anak dari Masalah Stunting (Studi Kasus pada Ibu Balita di Puskesmas Naioni Kota Kupang)

Abstract

Latar belakang: Puskesmas Naioni adalah salah satu puskesmas di wilayah Kota Kupang yang memiliki angka stunting sebesar 41,9% kasus dan tahun 2020 jumlah kasus menjadi 16,3% kasus, kemudian kasus kembali meningkat pada Agustus tahun 2021 sebanyak 35,1%, dan kembali menurun pada Februari 2022 sebesar 30,1%. Meskipun jumlah kasus di Puskesmas Naioni menurun, namun belum memenuhi target puskesmas yaitu sebesar 14%. Pola asuh merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkaitan dengan stunting, ibu dengan pola asuh yang kurang baik berpeluang mempunyai anak stunting. Pola asuh memiliki peran penting dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Interaksi antara anak dan orang tua, selama mengadakan kegiatan pengasuhan sangat berkontribusi terhadap tumbuh kembang anak.
Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini mengetahui gambaran praktik pola asuh ibu terhadap balita yang telah bebas stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Naioni Kota Kupang.
Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui wawancara mendalam. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dengan 3 informan utama yang memiliki balita bebas stunting usia 24 bulan, serta informan kunci terdiri dari, Tenaga Pelaksana Gizi dan kader posyandu.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian terhadap informan utama dengan balita bebas stunting menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar ibu melakukan praktik pola asuh Pemberian ASI ekslusif kepada anaknya, praktik pemberian makanan pada anak, praktik kebersihan, sanitasi lingkungan, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan
Simpulan: Praktik Pola Asuh(Pemberian ASI ekslusif, praktik pemberian makanan, praktik kebersihan, sanitasi lingkungan, pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan) pada anak yang bebas stunting cukup baik

Kata kunci: Bebas stunting; Pola Asuh Ibu; Balita

ABSTRACT
Title: The description of mother's parenting pattern Who Successfully Liberate Children from Stunting Problems (Study cases on mother's with toddlers at Naioni Health Center, Kupang city)

Background: Naioni public Health center is one of the public health center in Kupang City that has a stunting rate of 41.9% cases and in 2020 the number of cases became 16.3% cases, in August 2021 the Cases increased by 35.1%, and decreased in February 2022 by 30.1%. Although the number of cases at the Naioni Public Health Center decreased, it has not made to the target of the public health center which is 14% (Kupang City Health Office 2022). Parenting is one of the factors related to stunting (Sinambela & Putri D, 2019). According to the research (Picauly & Toy, 2013), states that parents with poor parenting patterns have a chance to have stunting children. Parenting play an important role with stunting in toddlers. The interaction between the child and the parent, during parenting, contributes greatly to the growth of the child development. The prototype of this study is to perceive and overview the practice of parenting for toddlers who have recovered from stunting at the Naioni public Health Center in Kupang City work area.
Method: Qualitative research with case study approach through in-depth interviews. The sample was selected purposively sampling the inclusion and exclusion criteria with 3 main informants who had 24-month-old toddlers who have recovered from stunting, as well as key informants consisting of Nutrition Management and posyandu cadres.
Result: The results of research on the main informants, indicate that most mothers implement exclusive breastfeeding practices to their children, feeding practices to children, hygiene practices, environmental sanitation, utilization of health care
Conclusion: Parenting practices (exclusive breastfeeding, feeding practices, hygiene practices, environmental sanitation, utilization of health services) in children who are free from stunting are quite good.

Keywords: Stunt-free; Parenting; Toddler