Pemberian Teh Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn), Simvastatin dan Profil Lipid serta Serum ApoB pada Tikus Hiperkolesterolemi

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Consumption of roselle tea and simvastatin, lipid profile and apoB serum in hypercholesterolemic rats

Background: Roselle is commonly used as herbal beverages in Indonesian that is known have a hypocholesterolemic effect. The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of roselle tea compared to simvastatin on lipid profile and apo B of hypercholesterolemic rats.

Methods: This study was an animal experimental with randomized pre test post test control design. Sixteen hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats of 15 week-aged were devided into 3 groups: control groups (K) received normal feeding and water adlibitum, group P1 received normal feeding, water adlibitum and roselle tea 4.5 ml twice a day, group P2 received normal feeding, water adlibitum and simvastatin 0.4 mg daily. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 30 days after administration of roselle tea or simvastatin for the measurement of serum lipids and apoB using ELISA.

Results: Administration of roselle tea 1.37gram twice a day decreased trigliserid concentrations from 81.7mg/dl±43.13 to 26.5mg/dl±13.92 (p=0.038), but increased total cholesterol concentrations from 62.1mg/dl±4.25 to 91.9mg/dl±11.74 (p=0.001). Administration of 0.4mg simvastatin didn’t decreased triglicerid concentrations (50.9mg/dl±55.95 to 67.9mg/dl±3.07, p=0.207), total cholesterol concentrations (67.9mg/dl±3.07 to 74.2mg/dl±10.65, p=0.146), LDL cholesterol concentrations (156.8mg/dl±291.9 to 34.0mg/dl±30.06, p=0.686) nor increased HDL cholesterol concentration (58.1mg/dl±12.73 to 60.5mg/dl±8.61, p=0.674).

Conclusion: Intake of 1.37 gram rosella tea twice a day decreases trigliserid more effective than simvastatin. Administration of roselle tea and simvastatin are not effective to reduce LDL cholesterol concentrations and apoB concentrations, nor increased HDL cholesterol concentrations.

Keywords: Lipid profile, apoB, roselle, simvastatin

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Teh rosela merupakan salah satu bahan minuman yang diketahui mempunyai efek menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian teh rosela dibandingkan simvastatin terhadap profil lipid dan apolipoprotein B pada tikus hiperkolesterolemi.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain pre-post-test dengan kelompok kontrol. Enam belas tikus putih jantan galur wistar hiperkolesterolemi, usia 15 minggu, dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (K) hanya diberi pakan standar dan minum adlibitum, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) diberi pakan standar minum adlibitum, seduhan rosela 2x4,5ml per hari
dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) diberi pakan standar minum adlibitum dan simvastatin 0,4mg per hari, selama 30 hari. Pada awal dan akhir perlakuan diambil serum darah untuk mengetahui kadar trigliserid, kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL, kolesterol HDL, sedangkan kadar apo B diukur pada akhir penelitian menggunakan metode ELISA.

Hasil: Pemberian teh rosela (kelompok P1) menurunkan kadar trigliserid dari 81,7mg/dl±43,13 menjadi 26,5mg/dl±13,92 (p=0,038) setelah perlakuan, namun kadar kolesterol totalnya meningkat dari 62,1mg/dl±4,25 menjadi 91,9mg/dl±11,74 (p=0,001) setelah perlakuan. Pemberian 0,4mg simvastatin tidak menurunkan kadar trigliserid (50,9mg/dl±55,95 menjadi 67,9mg/dl±3,07, p=0,207), tidak menurunkan kadar kolesterol total (67,9mg/dl±3,07 menjadi 74,2mg/dl±10,65, p=0,146), tidak menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL (156,8mg/dl±291,9 menjadi 34,0mg/dl±30,06, p=0,686) dan tidak meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL (58,1mg/dl±12,73 menjadi 60,5mg/dl±8,61, p=0,674).

Simpulan: Pemberian teh rosela dengan berat rata-rata 1,37 gram yang dikonsumsi dua kali per hari lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar trigliserid serum tikus hiperkolesterolemi dibandingkan pemberian 0,4mg simvastatin. Pemberian teh rosela dosis lazim dan pemberian simvastatin dosis 0,4mg sama tidak efektifnya dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL, kadar apolipoprotein B dan meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL.