DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v22i1.78496

Institutional Role: Policy Bias Towards Village Development Transformation

*Anggi Rahajeng orcid scopus  -  Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Wihana Kirana Jaya orcid scopus  -  Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Nanda Widhianta orcid  -  Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract
Decentralization has been a key element in regional development in Indonesia, with significant impacts on reducing economic and spatial disparities. While initial policies were more centered on the district/city level, the 2014 Village Law has shifted the paradigm by giving villages greater authority to manage their development. This study explores village-oriented institutional and policy changes and their impact on rural development transformation. Using a qualitative approach based on interview content and desk research, this study identifies three main themes: village authority and finance, national-regional strategic projects, and controlling agricultural land conversion. The analysis results show that pro-rural policies have increased village capacity through the Village Fund and strengthened community participation but also created dynamics of authority trade-offs with local governments. National strategic projects, especially infrastructure development, have improved connectivity and opened new economic opportunities for villages. However, major challenges remain in harmonizing spatial policies with agricultural land protection. This study concludes that pro-rural policies have accelerated sustainable rural development and promoted economic convergence between urban and rural areas. However, multi-level coordination is still needed to optimize their impact.
Fulltext View|Download Email colleagues
Keywords: Institutional, Decentralization, Rural Development, Local Institutions

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Most cited articles
Kapasitas Adaptasi Terhadap Kerentanan dan Bencana Perubahan Iklim di Tambak Lorok Kelurahan Tanjung Mas Semarang Kajian Erosi Dan Hasil Sedimen Untuk Konservasi Lahan DAS Kreo Hulu Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Mengelola Sampah di Kota Bima Nusa Tenggara Barat Peluang Keberlanjutan Program Penyediaan Air Minum Berbasis Komunitas (PAMSIMAS) di Kabupaten Kendal Cover More cited articles
  1. Abidin, M. (2015). Tinjauan Atas Pelaksanaan Keuangan Desa Dalam Mendukung Kebijakan Dana Desa. Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publik, 6(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.22212/JEKP.V6I1.156
  2. Aginta, H., Gunawan, A. B., & Mendez, C. (2023). Regional Income Disparities and Convergence Clubs in Indonesia: new District-Level Evidence. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 28(1), 101–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2020.1868107
  3. Andersson, A., Höjgård, S., & Rabinowicz, E. (2017). Evaluation of results and adaptation of EU Rural Development Programmes. Land Use Policy, 67, 298–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.002
  4. Anggalini, T. D., Retnandari, N. D., Yuliani, K., Keban, Y. T., & Mulyo, J. H. (2020). Sustainable Food Agriculture Land Protection Policy for Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Solution or Dilemma? IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 423(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/423/1/012043
  5. APJII. (2019). The penetration & profile of Indonesian Internet users: A 2018 survey report
  6. APJII. (2022). Profil Internet Indonesia 2022. https://online.fliphtml5.com/rmpye/ztxb/#p=1
  7. Berdegué, J. A., & Soloaga, I. (2018). Small and Medium Cities and Development of Mexican Rural Areas. World Development, 107, 277–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.007
  8. Beynon, M. J., Crawley, A., & Munday, M. (2016). Measuring and Understanding the Differences Between Urban and Rural Areas. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 43(6), 1136–1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813515605096
  9. Bhattacharya, A. (2016). Conceptualizing the Silk Road Initiative in China’s Periphery Policy. East Asia, 33(4), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12140-016-9263-9
  10. Bonfiglio, A., Camaioni, B., Coderoni, S., Esposti, R., Pagliacci, F., & Sotte, F. (2017). Are Rural Regions Prioritizing Knowledge Transfer and Innovation? Evidence from Rural Development Policy Expenditure Across the EU Space. Journal of Rural Studies, 53, 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.05.005
  11. Bowen, J. R. (1986). On the Political Construction of Tradition: Gotong Royong in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Studies, 45(3), 545–561. https://doi.org/10.2307/2056530
  12. Brodjonegoro, B. (2009). Fiscal Decentralization and Its Impact on Regional Economic Development and Fiscal Sustainability. Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges, 196–221. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789812308214-015
  13. Butler, J. R. A., Wise, R. M., Skewes, T. D., Bohensky, E. L., Peterson, N., Suadnya, W., Yanuartati, Y., Handayani, T., Habibi, P., Puspadi, K., Bou, N., Vaghelo, D., & Rochester, W. (2015). Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Adaptation Planning to Build Adaptive Capacity: A Structured Learning Approach. Coastal Management, 43(4), 346–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2015.1046802
  14. Chen, A., & Partridge, M. D. (2013). When are Cities Engines of Growth in China? Spread and Backwash Effects across the Urban Hierarchy. Regional Studies, 47(8), 1313–1331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.589831
  15. Chen, C., LeGates, R., Zhao, M., & Fang, C. (2018). The Changing Rural-Urban Divide in China’s Megacities. Cities, 81, 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.03.017
  16. Chiang, S. hen. (2018). Assessing the Merits of the Urban-Led Policy in China: Spread or Backwash Effect? Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020451
  17. Delphine, Witte, P., & Spit, T. (2022). Bridging the Perception Gap? When Top-Down Built Megaprojects Meet Bottom-Up Perceptions: A Case Study of Suramadu Bridge, Indonesia. Asian Geographer, 39(1), 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2020.1750441
  18. Devi, M. K., Gorman, Y. H., & Hidayati, S. R. (2020). Spatial Transformation in Urban Periphery: The Case of Yogyakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 592(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/592/1/012022
  19. Divigalpitiya, P., & Nurul Handayani, K. (2015). Measuring the Urban Expansion Process of Yogyakarta City in Indonesia: Urban Expansion Process and Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Growing Cities. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 3(4), 18–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.3.4_18
  20. Eko, S. (2014). Desa Membangun Indonesia. In Academia.Edu
  21. Firdausy, A. G., & Anjar, B. (2020). Penerapan Undang-Undang No 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa Mengenai Dana Desa untuk Pembangunan Desa Berkelanjutan (Studi Desa Sukosari Kecamatan Jumantono Kabupaten Karanganyar). Res Publica: Jurnal Hukum Kebijakan Publik, 1(2), 36–55. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/respublica/article/view/46733
  22. Freeman, C., & Aitken-Rose, E. (2005). Future shapers: Children, young people, and planning in New Zealand local government. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 23(2), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1068/c0433
  23. Fung, A. (2015). Putting the Public Back into Governance: The Challenges of Citizen Participation and Its Future. Public Administration Review, 75(4), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12361
  24. Gamayuni, R. R., & Hendrawaty, E. (2020). E-Planning, E-Budgeting and the Quality of Government Institution Performance Accountability System in Indonesia. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(1s), 218–225
  25. Ganning, J. P., Baylis, K., & Lee, B. (2013). Spread and Backwash Effects for Nonmetropolitan Communities in the U.S. Journal of Regional Science, 53(3), 464–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12026
  26. Giyarsih, S. R. (2017). Regional Management of Areas with Indications of Urban Sprawl in the Surrounding Areas of Universitas Muhammadiyah, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 49(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.16842
  27. Gren, Å., & Andersson, E. (2018). Being Efficient and Green by Rethinking the Urban-Rural Divide—Combining Urban Expansion and Food Production by Integrating an Ecosystem Service Perspective Into Urban Planning. Sustainable Cities and Society, 40, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.02.031
  28. Gren, D., & Qiu, F. (2017). Assessing Neighbor and Population Growth Influences on Agricultural Land Conversion. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 10(1), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-015-9172-0
  29. Hafsari, T. A., Djunaedi, A., & Marsoyo, A. (2020). Utilization of Information Technology in Processing for Annual Regional Development Planning in Kulonprogo Regency. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 4(3), 286–299. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v4i3.129
  30. Hajdarowicz, I. (2022). Does Participation Empower? The Example of Women Involved in Participatory Budgeting in Medellin. Journal of Urban Affairs, 44(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2018.1431048
  31. Hariyati, D., Holidin, D., & Mulia, I. C. (2021). Centralized Local Development versus Localized Central Arrangement in Village Autonomy Policy Implementation in Indonesia. BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Dan Organisasi, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v27i2.11275
  32. Hill, H., & Vidyattama, Y. (2016). Regional Development Dynamics in Indonesia Before and After the ‘Big Bang’ Decentralization, 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590816400270
  33. Holtzappel, Coen. (2010). The Regional Governance Reform in Indonesia. In Coen. Holtzappel & Martin. Ramstedt (Eds.), Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges (pp. 1–56). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: Eurospan [distributor]. https://books.google.com/books/about/Decentralization_and_Regional_Autonomy_i.html?hl=id&id=N3XU7eUMSGIC
  34. Irawan, A. (2015). Regional Income Disparities in Indonesia: Measurements, Convergence Process, and Decentralisation. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 51(1), 148–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2015.1023415
  35. Jayasinghe, K., Adhikari, P., Carmel, S., & Sopanah, A. (2020). Multiple rationalities of participatory budgeting in indigenous communities: evidence from Indonesia. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 33(8), 2139–2166. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-05-2018-3486
  36. Ji, X., Ren, J., & Ulgiati, S. (2019). Towards Urban-Rural Sustainable Cooperation: Models and Policy Implication. Journal of Cleaner Production, 213, 892–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.097
  37. Keefer, P. (2018). Collective Action and Government: Still a Mystery. A Research Agenda for New Institutional Economics, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788112512.00008
  38. Laksana, S. (2021). Post Pandemic Indonesian Regional Development Planning, New Normal, New Orientation: The Case of West Java. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 5(1), 32–50. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v5i1.150
  39. Land and Spatial Planning Office DIY. (2017). Karakteristik Kawasan Perkotaan Yogyakarta. In Materi Teknis Rencana Tata Ruang Kawasan Perkotaan Yogyakarta 2017 (pp. 1–30)
  40. Li, L. H. (2017). Balancing Rural and Urban Development: Applying Coordinated Urban–Rural Development (CURD) Strategy to Achieve Sustainable Urbanisation in China. Sustainability 2017, Vol. 9, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9111948
  41. Long, H., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Woods, M., & Zou, J. (2012). Accelerated Restructuring in Rural China Fueled by “increasing vs. Decreasing Balance” Land-Use Policy for Dealing with Hollowed Villages. Land Use Policy, 29(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.04.003
  42. López-Goyburu, P., & García-Montero, L. G. (2018). The Urban-Rural Interface as An Area with Characteristics of Its Own In Urban Planning: A Review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 43(November 2017), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.07.010
  43. Melloni, N., Palmieri, G., & Soci, A. (2011). How to Develop the Periphery?: The Regional Integration Case of Basso-Ferrarese in Italy. Journal of Economic Integration, 26(3), 477–498. https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2011.26.3.477
  44. Mingkid, J., Liando, D., & Lengkong, J. (2017). Efektivitas Penggunaan Dana Desa Dalam Peningkatan Pembangunan (Suatu Studi Di Desa Watutumou Dua Kecamatan Kalawat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara). JURNAL EKSEKUTIF, 2(2). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jurnaleksekutif/article/view/18676
  45. Nafi, A. Y., & Basuki, Y. (2019). Penentuan Kawasan Sawah Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Kota, 15(3), 214–226. https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v15i3.21570
  46. Partridge, M., Bollman, R. D., Olfert, M. R., & Alasia, A. (2007). Riding the Wave of Urban Growth in the Countryside: Spread, Backwash, or Stagnation? Land Economics, 83(2), 128–152. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.83.2.128
  47. Pratomo, R. A., Samsura, D. A. A., & van der Krabben, E. (2020). Transformation of Local People’s Property Rights Induced by New Town Development (Case Studies in Peri-Urban Areas in Indonesia). Land, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/land9070236
  48. Pratomo, R. A., & Wijayanti, E. S. (2023). Strategi Pengendalian Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Tanaman Pangan di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Kota, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v19i3.44533
  49. Pratono, A. H., Siwu, S. C., & Claeye, F. (2021). Social Innovation in the Indonesian Village Enterprises for Sustainable Development. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 15(7), 735–753
  50. Priyarsono, D. S. (2017). Membangun dari Pinggiran: Tinjauan dari Perspektif Ilmu Ekonomi Regional. Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning, 1(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2017.1.1.42-52
  51. Raharjo, T., Ubed, R. S., Yudanto, A. A., & Yuliati, R. (2021). Innovations of Village Asset Management: A Case of the Best Indonesian village. Planning Malaysia, 19(3), 449–459. https://doi.org/10.21837/PM.V19I17.1021
  52. Rauhut, D., & Humer, A. (2020). EU Cohesion Policy and Spatial Economic Growth: Trajectories in Economic Thought. European Planning Studies, 28(11), 2116–2133. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1709416
  53. Richard Timotius. (2018). Revitalisasi Desa Dalam Kontelasi Desentralisasi Menurut UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Universitas Indonesia, 48(2), 323–344
  54. Rokhmah, M. (2012). Potensi dan Kendala Kebijakan Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Demak. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah & Kota, 8(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v8i2.11568
  55. Rondhi, M., Pratiwi, P. A., Handini, V. T., Sunartomo, A. F., & Budiman, S. A. (2018). Agricultural Land Conversion, Land Economic Value, and Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia Land, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040148
  56. Rumata, V. M., & Sakinah, A. M. (2020). The Impact of Internet Information and Communication Literacy and Overload, as Well as Social Influence, on ICT Adoption by Rural Communities. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development, 30(1–2), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1018529120977250
  57. Rusono, N., Sunari, A., Zulfriandi, Indarto, J., Muharam, A., Avianto, N., Maghfirra, D., Suryaningtyas, P., Tejaningsih, Martino, I., Susilawati, & Hersinta, D. (2015). Evaluasi Implementasi Kebijakan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan. Direktorat Pangan Dan Pertanian, Bappenas, 2
  58. Rusydi, H. M. (2012). Pengaruh Alokasi Dana Desa (DD) Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa di Kabupaten Takalar. JEB Jurnal Ekonomi Balance, 8(2)
  59. Salim, W., & Negara, S. D. (2018). Infrastructure Development Under the Jokowi Administration Progress, Challenges and Policies. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 35(3), 386–401. https://doi.org/10.1355/ae35-3e
  60. Sang Arun, N. (2013). Development of Regional Growth Centres and Impact on Regional Growth: A case study of Thailand’s Northeastern region. Urbani Izziv, 24(1), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2013-24-01-005
  61. Seftyono, C., Luthfi, M., Rahayu, A. M., & Alam, U. M. (2018). Accelerating Rural Development in Central Java Indonesia: Connecting Leadership, Social Capital and Policy in Local Context. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 175(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012185
  62. Severcan, Y. C. (2015). Planning for the Unexpected: Barriers to Young People’s Participation in Planning in Disadvantaged Communities. International Planning Studies, 20(3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2014.985195
  63. Shah, A. (2003). Fiscal Decentralisation in Transition Economies and Developing Countires. Federalism in a Changing World: Learning from Each Other: Scientific Background, Proceedings and Plenary Speeches of the International Conference on Federalism. https://www.forumfed.org/pubs/StG-Shah.pdf
  64. Shahraki, A. A. (2020). Urban Planning for Physically Disabled People’s Needs with Case Studies. Spatial Information Research 2020 29:2, 29(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-020-00343-9
  65. Shukla, A., & Jain, K. (2019). Critical Analysis of Rural-Urban Transitions and Transformations in Lucknow City, India. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 13(January), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2019.01.001
  66. Shuqing, C. (2018). Difference of Urban and Rural Development in Binzhou from the Perspective of Urban and Rural Coordinating. Journal of Landscape Research, 10(3), 35–38. https://doi.org/10.16785/j.issn
  67. Sofianto, A., Risandewi, T., Zuhri, M., Ambarwatid, O. C., & Febrian, L. (2024). Kapasitas Pembangunan Perdesaan di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Kota, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v20i2.53369
  68. Stępniak, M., & Rosik, P. (2018). The Role of Transport and Population Components in Change in Accessibility: the Influence of the Distance Decay Parameter. Networks and Spatial Economics, 18(2), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-017-9376-8
  69. Suharyo, W. I. (2009). Indonesia’s Transition to Decentralized Governance: Evolution at the Local Level. Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges, 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789812308214-009
  70. Sutiyo, & Maharjan, K. L. (2017). Policy Options for Decentralization and Rural Development in Indonesia. Decentralization and Rural Development in Indonesia, 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3208-0_12
  71. Suwignyo, A. (2019). Gotong royong as Social Citizenship in Indonesia, 1940s to 1990s. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 50(3), 387–408. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463419000407
  72. Talitha, T., Firman, T., & Hudalah, D. (2020). Welcoming Two Decades of Decentralization in Indonesia: A Regional Development Perspective. Territory, Politics, Governance, 8(5), 690–708. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2019.1601595
  73. Thomas, B. C. (2013). Core–Periphery Relations in the European Union and the Role of Central Places in Europe with a Focus on Regional Policy in Britain and Germany. European Review, 21(3), 435–447. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798713000392
  74. Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic Development (Twelfth). Pearson
  75. Ustaoglu, E., & Williams, B. (2017). Determinants of Urban Expansion and Agricultural Land Conversion in 25 EU Countries. Environmental Management, 60(4), 717–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0908-2
  76. Vel, J., Zakaria, Y., & Bedner, A. (2017). Law-Making as a Strategy for Change: Indonesia’s New Village Law. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 4(2), 447–471. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2017.21
  77. Westlund, H. (2014). Urban Futures in Planning, Policy and Regional Science: Are We Entering a Post-Urban World? on JSTOR. In Built Environment (4th ed., Vol. 40, pp. 447–457). Alexandrine Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43296912
  78. Winardi, U. N. (2020). Gotong Royong and the Transformation of Kampung Ledok Code, Yogyakarta. City and Society, 32(2), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12291
  79. Wong, T. C., Han, S. S., & Zhang, H. (2015). Population Mobility, Urban Planning and Management in China. In Population Mobility, Urban Planning and Management in China. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15257-8
  80. Yasin, M., Rofi, A., Fachurrahman, Untung, B., Rostanty, M., Dwiherwanto, S., Saharudin, I., & Muslih, F. (2015). Anotasi Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Pusat Telaah dan Informasi Regional (PATTIRO) supported by The Asia Foundation
  81. Ye, Y., Legates, R., & Qin, B. (2013). Coordinated Urban-Rural Development Planning in China. Journal of the American Planning Association, 79(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2013.882223
  82. Yudha, E. P., Juanda, B., Kolopaking, L. M., & Kinseng, R. A. (2018). Influence Measuring of Rural Expenditure Toward Rural Development Performance by using Geographically Weighted Regression: A Case Study at Pandeglang District-Banten Province. Tata Loka, 20(1), 23–34
  83. Yudha, E. P., Juanda, B., Kolopaking, L. M., & Kinseng, R. A. (2020). Rural Development Policy and Strategy in the Rural Autonomy Era. Case Study of Pandeglang Regency-Indonesia. Human Geographies, 14(1), 125–147. https://doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2020.141.8
  84. Yudhistira, M. H., & Sofiyandi, Y. (2018). Seaport Status, Port Access, and Regional Economic Development in Indonesia. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 20(4), 549–568. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-017-0089-1
  85. Zaman, N., Rukmana, D., Fahmid, I. M., Zhang, J., Li, W., Yang, G., & Sirajuddin, T. (2020). Rural Development Strategies in Indonesia: Managing Villages to Achieve Sustainable Development. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 447(1), 012066. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012066
  86. Zeng, C., Song, Y., He, Q., & Liu, Y. (2018). Urban–Rural Income Change: Influences of Landscape Pattern and Administrative Spatial Spillover Effect. Applied Geography, 97(July), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.06.003
  87. Zhang, L., Wang, H., Song, Y., & Wen, H. (2019). Spatial Spillover of house prices: An Empirical Study of the Yangtze Delta Urban Agglomeration in China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020544

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2026-05-13 08:27:30

No citation recorded.