Karakteristik Dan Kesesuaian Lahan Tambak Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Di Kabupaten Kolaka

Abstract

Udang vaname adalah spesies budidaya penting di Indonesia, terutama di Kabupaten Kolaka. Namun, hasil produksi dari kegiatan budidaya menurun setiap tahunnya. Ditemukan pertumbuhan udang tidak optimal dan munculnya penyakit hingga kegagalan panen yang pada akhirnya para pembudidaya merugi dan ditemukan telah banyak lahan budidaya yang terbengkalai. Hal ini diakibatkan karena tidak adanya evaluasi kesesuaian lahan sejak awal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kesesuaian lahan pada tambak udang vaname di pesisir Kabupaten Kolaka khususnya pada Kecamatan Wundulako dan Pomalaa berdasarkan karakteristik air dan tanah.  Pengukuran parameter air dan tanah, seperti amonia, nitrit, salinitas, suhu, oksigen terlarut, pH air, pH tanah, dan potensial redoks tanah, dikumpulkan dari 50 lokasi tambak udang. Pengujian dilakukan baik di laboratorium maupun di lapangan (in situ). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis spasial Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) dengan software ArcGIS 10.2., kemudian dipertajam dengan teknik tumpang susun yang digabungkan dengan kriteria kesesuaian lahan budidaya tambak udang vaname, yakni sangat sesuai, cukup sesuai, sesuai marjinal. kriteria kesesuaian ini telah diberi bobot nilai kepentingan berdasarkan pertimbangan studi kepustakaan dan pembenaran ahli.. Hasil analisis pada lokasi budidaya tambak udang di Kolaka ditemukan hanya dua kategori kesesuaian yaitu cukup sesuai dan sesuai marjinal dengan luas 1,208 Ha dan 13,7 Ha. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan panduan bagi pembudidaya dalam  memilih lokasi dan merencanakan tindakan dalam kegiatan budidaya udang vaname yang sesuai, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan keberlanjutan usaha budidaya udang di masa depan.

Vaname shrimp is one of the shrimp species cultivated in Indonesia, especially in Kolaka Regency. However, production from aquaculture activities has decreased every year. It was found that shrimp growth was not optimal and the emergence of disease and crop failure resulted in farmers losing money and many cultivation areas were found abandoned. This is due to the absence of land suitability evaluation from the beginning. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of vaname shrimp ponds on the coast of Kolaka Regency, especially in Wundulako and Pomalaa sub-districts based on water and soil characteristics. Measurements of water and soil parameters, such as ammonia, nitrite, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, water pH, soil pH, and soil redox potential, were collected from 50 shrimp pond sites. Tests were conducted both in the laboratory and in the field (in situ). The collected data were analyzed using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) spatial analysis method with ArcGIS 10.2 software, then refined with overlapping techniques combined with land suitability criteria for white shrimp pond culture, namely highly suitable, moderately suitable, and marginally suitable. The suitability criteria have been given a weighted importance value based on the consideration of literature studies and expert justification. The results of the analysis on the location of shrimp aquaculture ponds in Kolaka found only two categories of suitability, namely moderately suitable and marginally suitable with an area of 1,208 Ha and 13.7 Ha. The results of this study guide farmers in selecting locations and planning actions in suitable vaname shrimp farming activities, so it is expected to increase the productivity and sustainability of shrimp farming in the future