Leaf Damage in Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap

Abstract

Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest in Cilacap is one of the most extensive mangrove forests on the southern coast of Java Island. This study aims to determine the level of herbivory and environmental conditions. The sampling technique used was purposive random sampling, which considered the different characteristics of the vegetation. Sonneratia caseolaris dominated Station 1, while Station 2 was more diverse, including Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Aegiceras corniculatum. Each station is spread over three points, each with five sampling plots, representing the distribution and zonal homogeneity of carrying capacity. The research was conducted in May, August, and November 2023, based on the different temporal seasons in Indonesia. The results showed biotic factors from herbivory activity and abiotic factors such as the hydrological cycle caused mangrove leaf damage. The class of leaf damage caused by herbivory at all observation stations was mainly in class I (<2.5%). The most leaf damage was found in old leaves, which is related to the optimal photosynthesis process producing carbohydrates as a food source for herbivores. Additionally, tannin content in the leaves plays a role in protection from excessive UV radiation during the dry season. This condition indicates that Segara Anakan mangrove forest is still in good condition. PCA analysis results show that mangrove leaf damage is closely related to the age of the leaves.