DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.3.1.53-66

THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF URBANIZATION AND SMALL CITIES DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL JAVA: A CASE STUDY OF SEMARANG-YOGYAKARTA-SURAKARTA REGION

*Jawoto Sih Setyono  -  Gadjah Mada University and Diponegoro University, Indonesia
Hadi Sabari Yunus  -  Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
Sri Rum Giyarsih  -  Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract
The special form of urbanization in Indonesia has led to a variety of themes on the urban development studies in Indonesia. Since 1990s, there has been an emphasis on the development of mega-urban regions, particularly those surrounding Jakarta as the biggest and the prime city in Indonesia. This research is aimed at elaborating the previous knowledge on the urbanization pattern in Indonesia, and Java in particular. More specifically, this study examines urban development trend in Central Java. The analysis of urbanization in this study can be classified into two categories, i.e. analysis of the urbanization level and analysis of the urbanization growth. These two analyses are combined by applying some GIS methods in order to understand the pattern of urbanization in the region. It is found that the urbanization process in Central Java has transformed the predominantly rural regions in the 1980s into the urban ones. The rapid growth of urban population forms some observable pattern that may be different to the national pattern. There are common spatial patterns, such as the importance of the coastal region and the essential role of the larger urban centers in the urbanization. In this regards, the emergence of the smaller centers has also contributed to the process, especially in bridging a more balanced development between major urban centers and their respective rural hinterland.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Urbanization; small cities; urban system

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research
Language : EN
Recent articles
THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF URBANIZATION AND SMALL CITIES DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL JAVA: A CASE STUDY OF SEMARANG-YOGYAKARTA-SURAKARTA REGION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER INCIDENCE IN SEMARANG CITY GIS-BASED ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING LANDSLIDE AND DROUGHT HAZARD IN THE CORRIDOR OF MT. MERAPI AND MT. MERBABU NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA More recent articles
Most cited articles
MODEL SPASIAL STATISTIK KEPEMILIKAN SEPEDA MOTOR DI KECAMATAN BANYUMANIK, KOTA SEMARANG ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF HEIGHTS OBTAINED FROM TOTAL STATION AND LEVEL INSTRUMENT USING TOTAL LEAST SQUARES AND ORDINARY LEAST SQUARES METHODS EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LOKASI DAN JANGKAUAN PELAYANAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH UMUM DI KECAMATAN KEBAKKRAMAT KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR LAND USE CHANGE IN SUBURBAN AREA: A CASE OF MALANG CITY, EAST JAVA PROVINCE THE PERFORMANCE OF LAND USE CHANGE CAUSATIVE FACTOR ON LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP IN UPPER UJUNG-LOE WATERSHEDS SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA More cited articles
  1. Armstrong, W., & McGee, T. G. (1985). Theatres of accumulation: studies in Latin American and Asian urbanisation. London: Methuen
  2. Berry, B. J. L. (1961). City size distributions and economic development. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 573–588
  3. Berry, B. J. L. (1964). Cities as systems within systems of cities. Papers in Regional Science, 13(1), 147–163
  4. Bhagat, R. B., & Mohanty, S. (2009). Emerging pattern of urbanization and the contribution of migration in urban growth in India. Asian Population Studies, 5(1), 5–20
  5. Champion, T., & Hugo, G. (2004). New forms of urbanization: beyond the urban-rural dichotomy. Ashgate Publishing Ltd
  6. Dix, G. (1986). Small cities in the world system. Habitat International, 10(1-2), 273–282
  7. Evans, J. (1984). The growth of urban centres in Java since 1961. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 20(1), 44–57
  8. Fang, C., & Yu, D. (2016). Spatial Pattern of China’s New Urbanization. In China’s New Urbanization (pp. 179–232). Springer
  9. Firman, T. (1992). The spatial pattern of urban population growth in Java, 1980--1990. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 28(2), 95–109
  10. Firman, T. (1998). The restructuring of Jakarta Metropolitan Area:: A “global city” in Asia1An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Fourth International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA) organized by the Department of Regional and City Planning, Institute of Technology Bandung, 2--4 September 1997 in Bandung, Indonesia. 1. Cities, 15(4), 229–243
  11. Firman, T. (2003). The spatial pattern of population growth in Java, 1990--2000: Continuity and change in extended metropolitan region formation. International Development Planning Review, 25(1), 53–66
  12. Firman, T. (2004). Demographic and spatial patterns of Indonesia’s recent urbanisation. Population, Space and Place, 10(6), 421–434
  13. Firman, T. (2009). The continuity and change in mega-urbanization in Indonesia: A survey of Jakarta--Bandung Region (JBR) development. Habitat International, 33(4), 327–339
  14. Firman, T., & Dharmapatni, I. A. I. (1994). The challenges to sustainable development in Jakarta metropolitan region. Habitat International, 18(3), 79–94
  15. Firman, T., Kombaitan, B., & Pradono, P. (2007). The dynamics of Indonesia’s urbanisation, 1980--2006. Urban Policy and Research, 25(4), 433–454
  16. Geertz, C. (1963). Peddlers and princes: Social development and economic change in two Indonesian towns (Vol. 318). University of Chicago Press
  17. Geertz, C. (1965). The social history of an Indonesian town. Mit Pr
  18. Giyarsih, S. R. (2010). Pola Spasial Transformasi Wilayah di Koridor Yogyakarta-Surakarta
  19. Guggenheim, S., et al. (2004). Indonesia’s Kecamatan Development Program: A large-scale use of community development to reduce poverty. In Scaling Up Poverty Reduction: A Global Learning Process and Conference. Shanghai, May (pp. 25–27)
  20. Guilmoto, C. Z., & Jones, G. W. (2015). Contemporary Demographic Transformations in China, India and Indonesia (Vol. 5). Springer
  21. Handayani, W. (2013). Rural-Urban Transition in Central Java: Population and Economic Structural Changes Based on Cluster Analysis. Land, 2(3), 419–436. http://doi.org/10.3390/land2030419
  22. Hinderink, J., & Titus, M. (2002). Small towns and regional development: Major findings and policy implications from comparative research. Urban Studies, 39(3), 379–391
  23. Hinderink, J., & Titus, M. J. (1988). Paradigms of regional development and the role of small centres. Development and Change, 19(3), 401–423
  24. Kasarda, J. D., & Crenshaw, E. M. (1991). Third world urbanization: Dimensions, theories, and determinants. Annual Review of Sociology, 467–501
  25. Lo, F.-C., Salih, K., & Douglass, M. (1981). Rural-urban transformation in Asia. Rural-Urban Relations and Regional Development, 7–43
  26. McGee, T. G. (1971). The urbanization process in the third world. London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd
  27. McGee, T. G. (1989). Urbanisasi or kotadesasi? Evolving patterns of urbanization in Asia. Urbanization in Asia: Spatial Dimensions and Policy Issues, 108
  28. McGee, T. G. (1991). The Emergence of Desakota Regions in Asia: Expanding a Hypothesis. The Extended Metropolis Settlement Transition in Asia, Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 3–26
  29. McGranahan, G., & Satterthwaite, D. (2014). Urbanisation: Concepts and Trends. IIED
  30. Meyer, D. R. (1986). System of cities dynamics in newly industrializing nations. Studies in Comparative International Development, 21(1), 3–22
  31. Milone, P. D. (1964). Contemporary urbanization in Indonesia. Asian Survey, 4(8), 1000–1012
  32. Milone, P. D. (1966). Urban areas in Indonesia: administrative and census concepts (Vol. 10). Institute of International Studies, University of California
  33. Mulyana, W. (2014). Rural-Urban Linkages: Indonesia Case Study
  34. Nas, P. J. M. (1989). Town and countryside in Indonesia: A sceptic’s view. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 20–33
  35. Nas, P. J. M. (2003). The Indonesian town revisited (Vol. 1). LIT Verlag Münster
  36. Pacione, M. (2009). Urban geography: A global perspective. Routledge
  37. Potter, R. B., & Lloyd-Evans, S. (2014). The city in the developing world. Routledge
  38. Rietveld, P. (1988). Urban Development Patterns in Indonesia 1. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 24(1), 73–95
  39. Roberts, B. H. (2014). Managing systems of secondary cities. Policy Reponses in International
  40. Rondinelli, D. A. (1983). Dynamics of growth of secondary cities in developing countries. Geographical Review, 42–57
  41. Rotgé, V. L., Bagoes Mantra, I., Rijanta, R. (2000). Rural-urban integration in Java: consequences for regional development and employment. Ashgate Publishing Ltd
  42. Rutz, W. (1987). Cities and towns in Indonesia: their development current positions and functions with regard to administration and regional economy. Berlin Germany Federal Republic of Gebruder Borntraeger 1987
  43. Titus, M. J. (1991). A structural model for analysing production relations and regional functions of small towns in Central Java. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 82(4), 266–281
  44. United Nations. (2015). World Urbanization Prospects 2014: Highlights. United Nations Publications
  45. Wertheim, W. F. (1959). The Indonesian Town: Studies in Urban Sociology. Ekistics, 7(41), 238–241
  46. Wouden, A. A. (1997). Three small towns in Central Java. Netherlands Geographical Studies, 221
  47. Yunus, H. S. (2005a). Klasifikasi kota. Pustaka Pelajar
  48. Yunus, H. S. (2005b). Manajemen kota: perspektif spasial. Pustaka Pelajar

Last update:

  1. The Urban Sprawl Typology and The Urban Growth Pattern of Peri-Urban Area in Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh

    Putra Rizkiya, Naufal Haikal, Zainuddin Hasan, Fahmi Aulia, Arief Gunawan, Zahrul Fuady. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1276 (1), 2023. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1276/1/012041

  2. Masa Depan Penataan Ruang di Indonesia dalam Masa Transisi Menuju Masyarakat 5.0

    Dimas Danar Dewa. TATALOKA, 24 (1), 2022. doi: 10.14710/tataloka.24.1.62-73

  3. Temporal and spatial analyses of colorectal cancer incidence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

    Juan Adrian Wiranata, Herindita Puspitaningtyas, Susanna Hilda Hutajulu, Jajah Fachiroh, Nungki Anggorowati, Guardian Yoki Sanjaya, Lutfan Lazuardi, Patumrat Sripan. Geospatial Health, 18 (1), 2023. doi: 10.4081/gh.2023.1186

  4. Urban Expansion and Welfare Change in a Medium-sized Suburban City: Surakarta, Indonesia

    Imam Buchori, Pangi Pangi, Angrenggani Pramitasari, Yudi Basuki, Anang Wahyu Sejati. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 11 (1), 2020. doi: 10.1177/0975425320909922

  5. Challenges and Innovations of Real Estate for Achieving Spatial Balance in Post-Disaster Countries

    Mounir Azzam, Valerie Graw, Andreas Rienow. Land, 11 (5), 2022. doi: 10.3390/land11050737

  6. Modifying the Contact Perimeter Approach for Measuring Urban Compactness Gradients in the Joglosemar Urban Region, Indonesia

    Dimas Danar Dewa, Imam Buchori, Iwan Rudiarto, Anang Wahyu Sejati. Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis, 7 (1), 2023. doi: 10.1007/s41651-023-00135-3

  7. Spatiotemporal Variations of Urban Expansion and its Relation with Geomorphological Complexity: a Case Study of the Yogyakarta Urban Region, Indonesia

    Dimas Danar Dewa, Imam Buchori, Iwan Rudiarto, Anang Wahyu Sejati. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 18 (1), 2025. doi: 10.1007/s12061-024-09629-z

  8. The spatio-temporal trends of urban growth and surface urban heat islands over two decades in the Semarang Metropolitan Region

    Anang Wahyu Sejati, Imam Buchori, Iwan Rudiarto. Sustainable Cities and Society, 46 , 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101432

  9. Assessment of regional development pattern towards sustainability urban areas: empirical evidence from Yogyakarta urban areas

    Anggi Rahajeng, Wihana Kirana Jaya, Evita Hanie Pangaribowo, Muhadjir Darwin. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26 (10), 2023. doi: 10.1007/s10668-023-03709-9

  10. Assessing land use/land cover change diversity and its relation with urban dispersion using Shannon Entropy in the Semarang Metropolitan Region, Indonesia

    Dimas Danar Dewa, Imam Buchori, Anang Wahyu Sejati. Geocarto International, 37 (26), 2022. doi: 10.1080/10106049.2022.2046871

  11. Assessing Flood Vulnerability from Rapid Urban Growth: A Case of Central Java — Indonesia

    Retno Sari DEWI, Wiwandari HANDAYANI, Isnu Putra PRATAMA, Walter T. De VRIES, Iwan RUDIARTO, Artiningsih ARTININGSIH. Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies, 11 (04), 2023. doi: 10.1142/S2345748123500203

  12. In situ urbanization-driven industrial activities: the Pringapus enclave on the rural-urban fringe of Semarang Metropolitan Region, Indonesia

    Imam Buchori, Lintang Rahmayana, Pangi Pangi, Angrenggani Pramitasari, Anang Wahyu Sejati, Yudi Basuki, Chely Novia Bramiana. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 2021. doi: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1925141

  13. The origin of industrial workers and rural in situ urbanization in Temanggung Regency, Indonesia

    Holi Bina Wijaya, Imam Buchori. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 27 (1), 2023. doi: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2097119

  14. Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns and Local Driving Factors of Regional Development in Java

    Andrea Emma Pravitasari, Ernan Rustiadi, Rista Ardy Priatama, Alfin Murtadho, Adib Ahmad Kurnia, Setyardi Pratika Mulya, Izuru Saizen, Candraningratri Ekaputri Widodo, Siti Wulandari. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10 (12), 2021. doi: 10.3390/ijgi10120812

  15. Spatiotemporal Variations of Urban Spatial Dispersion and Its Vegetation Degradation in Joglosemar’s Urban Growth Corridors, Indonesia

    Dimas Danar Dewa, Imam Buchori, Iwan Rudiarto, Anang Wahyu Sejati, Yan Liu. Australian Geographer, 55 (2), 2024. doi: 10.1080/00049182.2024.2331102

Last update: 2025-04-25 23:34:43

  1. Theorizing spatial dynamics of metropolitan regions: A preliminary study in Java and Madura Islands, Indonesia

    Buchori I.. Sustainable Cities and Society, 35 , 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2017.08.022

  2. Urbanization Phenomena of Small Inland City: Case of Parakan, Central Java

    Septiarani B.. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 127 (1), 2019. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/328/1/012036

  3. Spatial transformation in urban periphery: The case of Yogyakarta

    Devi M.K.. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 127 (1), 2020. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/592/1/012022

  4. Regional transformation in Semarang city, Indonesia

    Giyarsih S.. Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis, 9 (2), 2017.

  5. Urban Expansion and Welfare Change in a Medium-sized Suburban City: Surakarta, Indonesia

    Imam Buchori, Pangi Pangi, Angrenggani Pramitasari, Yudi Basuki, Anang Wahyu Sejati. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 11 (1), 2020. doi: 10.1177/0975425320909922

  6. The Impact of Urbanization to Forest Degradation in Metropolitan Semarang: A Preliminary Study

    A W Sejati, I Buchori, I Rudiarto. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 123 , 2018. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/123/1/012011

  7. The spatio-temporal trends of urban growth and surface urban heat islands over two decades in the Semarang Metropolitan Region

    Anang Wahyu Sejati, Imam Buchori, Iwan Rudiarto. Sustainable Cities and Society, 46 , 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101432

  8. Vulnerability of economic resilience of slum settlements in the City of Palembang

    Sukmaniar . IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 127 (1), 2020. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012106