slot depo 1k

slot gacor

demo slot

slot

slot gacor

slot gacor

sbobet

mahjong ways

slot depo 5k

sbobet

mariatogel88

gaspol777

Kongbet268

HKG999

menara88

kongbet268

777w

rp55

888R

SL999

GG999

SL88

8II

RP99

RK88

KONGBET268

slot depo 5k

spaceman

mahjong ways 2

pg soft

sbobet


DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jhp.14.1.1-48

TRANSFORMING ENERGY POLICY IN INDONESIA: ADDRESSING GENDER BIAS AND PROMOTING WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR

*Adventi Ferawati Sembiring  -  Doctor of Law Program, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Evis Garunja  -  Faculty of Political Sciences and Law, University Aleksandër Moisiu of Durrës, Albania

Citation Format:
Abstract

This study analyses the role and engagement of women in Indonesia’s renewable energy transition through a feminist perspective, emphasising the shift from gender-neutral frameworks to inclusive, equitable, and justice-oriented approaches. The research employs document analysis of national energy plans, with a focus on the “Sumba Iconic Island” programme as a case study, complemented by a literature review that addresses ethics of care, distributive justice (Gilligan, Noddings, Rawls), and feminist perspectives—specifically standpoint theory and intersectionality. It highlights the patriarchal biases embedded in technocratic and macroeconomic policy frameworks. Although Indonesia possesses a wealth of renewable resources—including solar, bioenergy, and ocean waves—women’s experiential knowledge and perspectives remain underrepresented in energy policy and planning. Existing evidence indicates that empowering women as technicians and energy educators enhances technology adoption, social effectiveness, and long-term sustainability. A comparative analysis of Iceland and Germany shows that mandatory gender-equity reporting and inclusive public consultations—guided by feminist perspectives—position women as strategic partners in energy decision-making, rather than passive beneficiaries. Proposed actions include the adoption of feminist-informed Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) in energy-sector funding, revising technical regulations to require assessments of gender-power impacts, and establishing women’s energy advisory forums at both national and regional levels. These measures aim to reshape Indonesia’s energy transition into a process that is equitable, inclusive, fundamentally feminist, and environmentally sustainable.

Fulltext View|Download Email colleagues
Keywords: Women’s Engagement; Renewable Energy Transition; Feminist Political Ecology; Gender-Responsive Budgeting (GRB); Intersectionality

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Most cited articles
Pembangunan Hukum Negara dalam Masyarakat Multikultural: Perspektif Hukum Progresif Arsenal Hukum Progresif Hukum Progresif: Hukum yang Membebaskan More cited articles
  1. Abd Majid, Nurshahirah, and Amar Hisham Jaaffar. “Social Impact of Renewable Energy Projects: Community Engagement and Stakeholder Management.” In Renewable Energy Projects and Investments, edited by Hasan Dinçer and Serhat Yüksel, 117–34. Elsevier, 2025. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-29869-1.00007-6
  2. Aditya, Indra A., Tito Wijayanto, and Dzikri F. Hakam. “Advancing Renewable Energy in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Analysis of Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategic Solutions.” Sustainability 17, no. 5 (2025): 2216. doi: 10.3390/su17052216
  3. Afifa, Kashaf Arshad, Nazim Hussain, Muhammad Hamza Ashraf, and Muhammad Zafar Saleem. “Air Pollution and Climate Change as Grand Challenges to Sustainability.” Science of The Total Environment 928 (June 10, 2024): 172370. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172370
  4. Albertyn, Cathi, Meghan Campbell, Helena Alviar García, Sandra Fredman, and Marta Rodriguez de Assis Machado. Feminist Frontiers in Climate Justice: Gender Equality, Climate Change and Rights. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023. doi: 10.4337/9781803923796
  5. Alda-Vidal, Cecilia, Rihab Khalid, Chris Foulds, Sarah Royston, and Mary Greene. “Gender Imaginaries in Energy Transitions: How Professionals Construct and Envision Gender Equity in Energy Access in the Global South.” World Development 168 (August 1, 2023): 106258. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106258
  6. Almaqtari, Faozi A., Ahmed Elmashtawy, Najib H. S. Farhan, Nashat Ali Almasria, and Amir Alhajri. “The Moderating Effect of Board Gender Diversity in the Environmental Sustainability and Financial Performance Nexus.” Discover Sustainability 5, no. 1 (October 10, 2024): 318. doi: 10.1007/s43621-024-00517-7
  7. Antasya, Alya, and Rekha Kersana. “Gender Inequality and Renewable Energy: How Women’s Interests and Lack of Participation Leading to Women Marginalization in Renewable Energy in Indonesia.” Journal Of Indonesian Social Science and Humanities (JISSH) 13, no. 2 (2024): 123–35. https://ejournal.brin.go.id/jissh/article/view/8877
  8. Árnadóttir, Ragnheiður Elín. “The Untapped ‘Girl Power’ in the Energy Sector.” New Atlanticist. Atlantic Council, March 7, 2017. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-untapped-girl-power-in-the-energy-sector/
  9. Bagdi, Tapas, Sreya Ghosh, Anuradha Sarkar, Amit Kumar Hazra, Srinivasan Balachandran, and Shibani Chaudhury. “Evaluation of Research Progress and Trends on Gender and Renewable Energy: A Bibliometric Analysis.” Journal of Cleaner Production 423 (October 15, 2023): 138654. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138654
  10. Bakhsh, Satar, Wei Zhang, Kishwar Ali, and Judit Oláh. “Strategy Towards Sustainable Energy Transition: The Effect of Environmental Governance, Economic Complexity and Geopolitics.” Energy Strategy Reviews 52 (March 1, 2024): 101330. doi: 10.1016/j.esr.2024.101330
  11. Bell, Shannon Elizabeth, Cara Daggett, and Christine Labuski. “Toward Feminist Energy Systems: Why Adding Women and Solar Panels Is Not Enough.” Energy Research & Social Science 68 (October 1, 2020): 101557. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101557
  12. Burger, Michael, and Jessica Wentz. “Evaluating the Effects of Fossil Fuel Supply Projects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change Under NEPA.” William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review 44, no. 2 (2020): 423529. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol44/iss2/4/
  13. Butt, N., H. L. Beyer, J. R. Bennett, D. Biggs, R. Maggini, M. Mills, A. R. Renwick, L. M. Seabrook, and H. P. Possingham. “Biodiversity Risks from Fossil Fuel Extraction.” Science 342, no. 6157 (October 25, 2013): 425–26. doi: 10.1126/science.1237261
  14. Cabraal, R. Anil, Douglas F. Barnes, and Sachin G. Agarwal. “Productive Uses of Energy for Rural Development.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources. Annual Reviews, 2005. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144228
  15. Carley, Sanya, and David M. Konisky. “The Justice and Equity Implications of the Clean Energy Transition.” Nature Energy 5, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 569–77. doi: 10.1038/s41560-020-0641-6
  16. Cecelski, Elizabeth. The Role of Women in Sustainable Energy Development. National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2000
  17. Cellini, Marco, Sabine Loos, Cloe Mirenda, Lucio Pisacane, Clemens Striebing, and Serena Tagliacozzo. “Exploring the Nexus of Gender and Energy Transitions: A Systematic Literature Review.” Energy Research & Social Science 119 (January 1, 2025): 103887. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103887
  18. Charlesworth, Hilary. “Talking to Ourselves? Feminist Scholarship in International Law.” In Feminist Perspectives on Contemporary International Law, 17–32. Hart Publishing, 2011
  19. Charlesworth, Hilary, and Christine Chinkin. The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis. Manchester University Press, 2022
  20. Chen, Yi, Yingjie Fan, Yu Huang, Xiaoling Liao, Wenfeng Xu, and Tao Zhang. “A Comprehensive Review of Toxicity of Coal Fly Ash and Its Leachate in the Ecosystem.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 269 (January 1, 2024): 115905. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115905
  21. Chou, Chien-Heng, Sa Ly Ngo, and Phung Phi Tran. “Renewable Energy Integration for Sustainable Economic Growth: Insights and Challenges via Bibliometric Analysis.” Sustainability 15, no. 20 (2023): 15030. doi: 10.3390/su152015030
  22. Climate Transparency. Indonesia Country Profile 2022. Climate Transparency, 2022. https://www.climate-transparency.org/countries/asia/indonesia
  23. Davíðsdóttir, Brynhildur. “Towards an Icelandic Sustainable Energy System.” In Successful Public Policy in the Nordic Countries: Cases, Lessons, Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2022
  24. Dixon-Fyle, Sundiatu, Kevin Dolan, Dame Vivian Hunt, and Sara Prince. Diversity Wins: How Inclusion Matters. New York: McKinsey & Company, May 19, 2020. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/diversity-wins-how-inclusion-matters
  25. Eberhöfer, Laura. “The Role of Women’s Networks in the German Energy Transformation.” Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2024. doi: 10.48548/pubdata-1367
  26. Ekouevi, Koffi, and Voravate Tuntivate. Household Energy Access for Cooking and Heating: Lessons Learned and the Way Forward. World Bank Publications, 2012
  27. Foramitti, Joël, Ivan Savin, and Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh. “Regulation at the Source? Comparing Upstream and Downstream Climate Policies.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 172 (November 1, 2021): 121060. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121060
  28. Forste, Renata, and Kiira Fox. “Household Labor, Gender Roles, and Family Satisfaction: A Cross-National Comparison.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies 43, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 613–31. doi: 10.3138/jcfs.43.5.613
  29. Gardam, Judith. “A Gender Aware Approach to Legal and Policy Strategies for Achieving Access to Modern Energy Services in Sub-Saharan Africa.” In Ending Africa’s Energy Deficit and the Law: Achieving Sustainable Energy for All in Africa, edited by Yinka Omorogbe and Ada Ordor, 0. Oxford University Press, 2018. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198819837.003.0010
  30. Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. London: Harvard University Press, 1982
  31. Gray, Leslie, Alaina Boyle, Erika Francks, and Victoria and Yu. “The Power of Small-Scale Solar: Gender, Energy Poverty, and Entrepreneurship in Tanzania.” Development in Practice 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 26–39. doi: 10.1080/09614524.2018.1526257
  32. Guarieiro, Lílian Lefol Nani, and Aline Lefol Nani Guarieiro. “Change with Use of Biofuel?” In Biofuels: Economy, Environment and Sustainability, 357. BoD – Books on Demand, 2013
  33. Habermas, Jurgen. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. MIT press, 1991
  34. Han, Jenny Yi-Chen, Camille Pross, Rashi Agarwal, and Andreea Raluca Torre. State of Gender Equality and Climate Change in ASEAN. Jakarta, Indonesia: ASEAN; UN Women, 2022. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/State-of-Gender-Equality-and-Climate-Change-in-ASEAN_FINAL-1.pdf
  35. Healy, Noel, Jennie C. Stephens, and Stephanie A. Malin. “Embodied Energy Injustices: Unveiling and Politicizing the Transboundary Harms of Fossil Fuel Extractivism and Fossil Fuel Supply Chains.” Energy Research & Social Science 48 (February 1, 2019): 219–34. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2018.09.016
  36. Henriques, C.O., M.C. Gouveia, C.P. Viseu, S.R. Sousa, and V. Moutinho. “Unveiling the Green Transition and Gender Disparities in the Energy Industry: A Value-Based DEA Cluster Analysis Approach.” Sustainable Futures 9 (June 1, 2025): 100546. doi: 10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100546
  37. Hersaputri, Laksmita Dwi. “Fuelling Progress to Parity: How Indonesia Can Close the Gender Gap in Energy.” Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), March 8, 2025. https://www.eria.org/news-and-views/fuelling-progress-to-parity--how-indonesia-can-close-the-gender-gap-in-energy
  38. Holechek, Jerry L., Hatim M. E. Geli, Mohammed N. Sawalhah, and Raul Valdez. “A Global Assessment: Can Renewable Energy Replace Fossil Fuels by 2050?” Sustainability 14, no. 8 (2022): 4792. doi: 10.3390/su14084792
  39. IESR. Perempuan Bicara Energi: Akses Energi Bersih Untuk Pemberdayaan Dan Kesetaraan Perempuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Institute for Essential Services Reform, 2017. https://iesr.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/COMS-PUB-0002_Briefing-Paper-2_Perempuan-bicara-energi.pdf
  40. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). “New Data Reveals Slow Progress in Achieving Gender Equality in Environmental Decision Making,” March 1, 2021. https://www.iucn.org/news/gender/202103/new-data-reveals-slow-progress-achieving-gender-equality-environmental-decision-making
  41. IRENA. Renewable Energy: A Gender Perspective. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency, 2019
  42. Jain, Harshita. “From Pollution to Progress: Groundbreaking Advances in Clean Technology Unveiled.” Innovation and Green Development 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 100143. doi: 10.1016/j.igd.2024.100143
  43. Jaiswal, Krishna Kumar, Chandrama Roy Chowdhury, Deepti Yadav, Ravikant Verma, Swapnamoy Dutta, Km Smriti Jaiswal, SangmeshB, and Karthik Selva Kumar Karuppasamy. “Renewable and Sustainable Clean Energy Development and Impact on Social, Economic, and Environmental Health.” Energy Nexus 7 (September 1, 2022): 100118. doi: 10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100118
  44. JETP. JETP Comprehensive Investment and Policy Plan. Jakarta, Indonesia: JETP Indonesia, November 15, 2023. https://jetp-id.org/storage/official-jetp-cipp-2023-vshare_f_en-1700532655.pdf
  45. Johnson, Oliver W., Jenny Yi-Chen Han, Anne-Louise Knight, Sofie Mortensen, May Thazin Aung, Michael Boyland, and Bernadette P. Resurrección. “Intersectionality and Energy Transitions: A Review of Gender, Social Equity and Low-Carbon Energy.” Energy Research & Social Science 70 (December 1, 2020): 101774. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101774
  46. Johnston, Jill E., Esther Lim, and Hannah Roh. “Impact of Upstream Oil Extraction and Environmental Public Health: A Review of the Evidence.” Science of The Total Environment 657 (March 20, 2019): 187–99. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.483
  47. Kabeyi, Moses Jeremiah Barasa, and Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju. “Sustainable Energy Transition for Renewable and Low Carbon Grid Electricity Generation and Supply.” Frontiers in Energy Research 9 (2022): 743114. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2021.743114
  48. Kalair, Anam, Naeem Abas, Muhammad Shoaib Saleem, Ali Raza Kalair, and Nasrullah Khan. “Role of Energy Storage Systems in Energy Transition from Fossil Fuels to Renewables.” Energy Storage 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): e135. doi: 10.1002/est2.135
  49. Kampa, Marilena, and Elias Castanas. “Human Health Effects of Air Pollution.” Environmental Pollution 151, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 362–67. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.012
  50. Karim, Lamia. “NGOs, State and Neoliberal Development in South Asia: The Paradigmatic Case of Bangladesh in a Global Perspective.” In Routledge Handbook of Gender in South Asia, 289–302. Routledge, 2021
  51. Kemfert, Claudia. Schockwellen: Letzte Chance Für Sichere Energien Und Frieden. Campus Verlag, 2023
  52. Kemfert, Claudia, Petra Opitz, Thure Traber, and Lars Handrich. Deep Decarbonization in Germany: A Macro-Analysis of Economic and Political Challenges of The’energiewende’(Energy Transition). DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, 2015
  53. Kenny, Meryl. “A Feminist Institutionalist Approach.” Politics & Gender 10, no. 4 (2014): 679–84. doi: 10.1017/S1743923X14000488
  54. Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia. “Gender Dan Energi Bersih Terbarukan: Energi Baru Terbarukan Atau Energi Bersih Terbarukan?” Jakarta, Indonesia: Koalisi Perempuan untuk Keadilan dan Demokrasi, October 15, 2020. https://berkas.dpr.go.id/akd/dokumen/K7-RJ-20201015-102222-4803.pdf
  55. ———. “SEMAI: Perempuan Dan Energi Terbarukan,” December 1, 2019. https://energiterbarukan.org/assets/2019/12/SEMAI-Perempuan-dan-Energi-Terbarukan.pdf
  56. Komnas Perempuan. “Memperkuat Perspektif Gender Dalam Kebijakan Transisi Energi Di Indonesia.” Jakarta, Indonesia: Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan, April 30, 2025. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/kabar-perempuan-detail/memperkuat-perspektif-gender-dalam-kebijakan-transisi-energi-di-indonesia
  57. Kopernik. “Motivation and Aspiration: What Lies Behind the Wonder Women Program,” 2018. https://kopernik.info/en/news-events/blog/motivation-and-aspiration-what-lies-behind-the-wonder-women-program
  58. Lambooy, T.E., and S. Van ’t Foort. “Sumba Iconic Island: A Case Study on Establishing a Community-Public-Private Partnership for Providing Renewable Energy.” In CSR in Indonesia: Legislative Developments and Case Studies, edited by T.E. Lambooy and A. Kusumadara, 315–404. Jakarta: Konstitusi Press, 2013. https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/sumba-iconic-island-a-case-study-on-establishing-a-community-publ
  59. Lazoroska, Daniela, Jenny Palm, and Anna-Riikka Kojonsaari. “Gender-Based Opportunity Structure in the Energy Sector: A Literature Review on Women’s Networking and Mentoring.” Energy, Sustainability and Society 14, no. 1 (December 18, 2024): 67. doi: 10.1186/s13705-024-00494-9
  60. Leddin, Desmond. “The Impact of Climate Change, Pollution, and Biodiversity Loss on Digestive Health and Disease.” Gastro Hep Advances 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2024): 519–34. doi: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.01.018
  61. Maroto-Valer, M Mercedes, Chunshan Song, and Yee Soong. Environmental Challenges and Greenhouse Gas Control for Fossil Fuel Utilization in the 21st Century. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012
  62. Michael, Kavya, and Helene Ahlborg. “A Conceptual Analysis of Gendered Energy Care Work and Epistemic Injustice Through a Case Study of Zanzibar’s Solar Mamas.” Nature Energy 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2024): 947–54. doi: 10.1038/s41560-024-01539-1
  63. Murauskaite-Bull, I., M. Feenstra, A. Creusen, G. Koukoufikis, N. Della Valle, R. Shortall, and A. Stojilovska. Gender and Energy – the Effects of the Energy Transition on Women. Publications Office of the European Union, 2024. doi: 10.2760/860118
  64. Naidu, Ravi, Bhabananda Biswas, Ian R. Willett, Julian Cribb, Brajesh Kumar Singh, C. Paul Nathanail, Frederic Coulon, et al. “Chemical Pollution: A Growing Peril and Potential Catastrophic Risk to Humanity.” Environment International 156 (November 1, 2021): 106616. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106616
  65. Natalis, Aga, Ani Purwanti, and Teddy Asmara. “Anthropocentrism Vs Ecofeminism: How Should Modern Environmental Law Be Reformed?” Sortuz: Oñati Journal of Emergent Socio-Legal Studies 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2023): 38–68. https://opo.iisj.net/index.php/sortuz/article/view/1686
  66. ———. “The Law’s Critical Role in Developing Human-Environment Relationships after COVID-19 Pandemic (A Study of Ecofeminism).” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 153–60. doi: 10.18280/ijsdp.180116
  67. Nikmah, Choris Satun. “Perempuan Dan Energi Terbarukan: Erat Yang Luput Dari Perhatian.” Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian Parliamentary Center), 2022. https://energihijau.openparliament.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Buletin-5-Peran-Perempuan-1.pdf
  68. Nnadi, Valentine E., Emeka L. Udokporo, and Obiageli J. Okolo. “Petroleum Production Activities and Depletion of BiodiversityBiodiversity: A Case of Oil Spillage in the Niger Delta.” In Handbook of Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing, edited by Christian N. Madu, 95–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-75834-9_9
  69. Noddings, Nel. Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education. University of California Press, 2003
  70. Ofremu, Gibson Owhoro, Babatunde Yusuf Raimi, Samuel Omokhafe Yusuf, Beatrice Akorfa Dziwornu, Somtochukwu Godfrey Nnabuife, Adaeze Mary Eze, and Chisom Assumpta Nnajiofor. “Exploring the Relationship between Climate Change, Air Pollutants and Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation Strategies.” Green Energy and Resources, May 10, 2024, 100074. doi: 10.1016/j.gerr.2024.100074
  71. Orlando, Maria Beatriz, Vanessa Lopes Janik, Pranav Vaidya, Nicolina Angelou, Ieva Zumbyte, and Norma Adams. “Getting to Gender Equality in Electricity Infrastructure: Lessons from Electricity Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Projects.” Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) Technical Report, no. 012/18 (January 19, 2018). https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29259
  72. Ortega-Ramírez, Angie Tatiana, Danilo Gilberto Beltrán Rodríguez, Nubia Liliana Becerra Ospina, Wanessa K Lima e Silva, Evelyn Campelo, and Annara Myrella Moura Da Silva Sousa. “Environmental Aspects of Natural Resources and Their Relationship to the Exploitation of Fossil Fuels: A Reflection on Sustainability.” Fuentes, El Reventón Energético 20, no. 2 (2022): 43–54. doi: 10.18273/revfue.v20n2-2022004
  73. Osman, Ahmed I., Lin Chen, Mingyu Yang, Goodluck Msigwa, Mohamed Farghali, Samer Fawzy, David W. Rooney, and Pow-Seng Yap. “Cost, Environmental Impact, and Resilience of Renewable Energy Under a Changing Climate: A Review.” Environmental Chemistry Letters 21, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 741–64. doi: 10.1007/s10311-022-01532-8
  74. Prietl, Bianca. “Technology Change = Gender Change? Androcentric Construction of Engineering as Symbolic Resource in the German-Speaking Area of Renewable Energies.” Engineering Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 3–23. doi: 10.1080/19378629.2017.1306066
  75. Purwanto, Alloysius Joko. Forecast of Biomass Demand Potential in Indonesia Seeking a Business Model for Wood Pellets. < bound method Organization. get_name_with_acronym of< Organization …, 2022. https://coilink.org/20.500.12592/f2qq6p
  76. Radtke, Jörg. “E-Participation in Energy Transitions: What Does It Mean? Chances and Challenges Within Germany’s Energiewende.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 210 (January 1, 2025): 123839. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123839
  77. ———. “Understanding the Complexity of Governing Energy Transitions: Introducing an Integrated Approach of Policy and Transition Perspectives.” Environmental Policy and Governance, March 24, 2025. doi: 10.1002/eet.2158
  78. Rahayu, Haningrum Eka Putri. “Women at the Heart of a Just and Inclusive Energy Transition: The Importance of Gender-Responsive Energy Policies.” ASEAN Climate Change and Energy Project: Phase 2 (ACCEPT II). ASEAN Climate Change and Energy Project (ACCEPT), March 20, 2025. https://accept.aseanenergy.org/women-at-the-heart-of-a-just-and-inclusive-energy-transition-the-importance-of-gender-responsive-energy-policies
  79. Ratledge, Nathan, Laura Zachary, and Chase Huntley. “Emissions from Fossil Fuels Produced on US Federal Lands and Waters Present Opportunities for Climate Mitigation.” Climatic Change 171, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 11. doi: 10.1007/s10584-021-03302-x
  80. Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition. United States: Harvard University Press, 1971
  81. Rechsteiner, Rudolf. “German Energy Transition (Energiewende) and What Politicians Can Learn for Environmental and Climate Policy.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 23, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 305–42. doi: 10.1007/s10098-020-01939-3
  82. Resosudarmo, Budy P., Jahen F. Rezki, and Yuventus Effendi. “Prospects of Energy Transition in Indonesia.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 59, no. 2 (May 4, 2023): 149–77. doi: 10.1080/00074918.2023.2238336
  83. Sánchez-López, Sara, Rocío Poveda-Bautista, Carmen Corona-Sobrino, Paula Otero-Hermida, and Mónica García-Melón. “Tackling Gender Disparities in Energy Research: A Diagnostic Tool for Equality in Research Centres.” Energy, Sustainability and Society 14, no. 1 (August 23, 2024): 51. doi: 10.1186/s13705-024-00479-8
  84. Satriawan, Bismar Harris, Anyualatha Haridison, Jhon Retei Alfri Sandi, Dian Iskandar, Purnama Julia Utami, Andi Ilmi Utami Irwan, and Nursaleh Hartaman. “Politainment in the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Election and Positioning in Downstream Industry.” Frontiers in Political Science 6 (2025): 1494578. doi: 10.3389/fpos.2024.1494578
  85. Sims, R.E.H. “Renewable Energy: A Response to Climate Change.” Solar Energy 76, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 9–17. doi: 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00101-4
  86. Singh, Pratichi, Deepak Yadav, and S. Pandian E. “Link Between Air Pollution and Global Climate Change.” In Global Climate Change, edited by Suruchi Singh, Pardeep Singh, S. Rangabhashiyam, and K.K. Srivastava, 79–108. Elsevier, 2021. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822928-6.00009-5
  87. Sisdwinugraha, Alvin Putra, Anindita Hapsari, Farid Wijaya, Faris Adnan Padhilah, His Muhammad Bintang, Ilham Rizqian Fahreza Surya, Julius Christian, et al. Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook 2025. Jakarta: Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR), December 12, 2024. https://iesr.or.id/download/indonesia-energy-transition-outlook-2025/
  88. Tamara, Dwi. “Penguatan Peran Perempuan Perdesaan Dalam Mewujudkan Transisi Energi Berkeadilan.” Coaction Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: CoAction, Oktober 2024. https://coaction.id/penguatan-peran-perempuan-perdesaan-dalam-mewujudkan-transisi-energi-berkeadilan-2/
  89. Tsagkari, Marula. “The Need for Gender-Based Approach in the Assessment of Local Energy Projects.” Energy for Sustainable Development 68 (June 1, 2022): 40–49. doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2022.03.001
  90. UN Women and UNIDO. Gender Equality in the Sustainable Energy Transition. New York and Vienna: UN Women and UNIDO, 2023. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2023/05/gender-equality-in-the-sustainable-energy-transition
  91. Wolf, Shaye, Robert Bullard, Jonathan J Buonocore, Nathan Donley, Trisia Farrelly, John Fleming, David J X González, et al. “Scientists’ Warning on Fossil Fuels.” Oxford Open Climate Change 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2025): kgaf011. doi: 10.1093/oxfclm/kgaf011
  92. Yafi, Abyan Hilmy, Akbar Bagaskara, Alvin Putra Sisdwinugraha, Anindita Hapsari, Farid Wijaya, Faris Adnan Padhilah, Fathin Sabbiha Wismadi, et al. Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook (IETO) 2024. Jakarta: Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR), 2024. https://iesr.or.id/en/pustaka/indonesia-energy-transition-outlook-ieto-2024/
  93. Young, Iris Marion. Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender, Political Philosophy, and Policy. Princeton University Press, 1997
  94. Zhang, Yali, Azhu Han, Shizhou Deng, Xiaowen Wang, Huanhuan Zhang, Shakoor Hajat, John S. Ji, Wannian Liang, and Cunrui Huang. “The Impact of Fossil Fuel Combustion on Children’s Health and the Associated Losses of Human Capital.” Global Transitions 5 (January 1, 2023): 117–24. doi: 10.1016/j.glt.2023.07.001

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2026-05-14 19:12:55

No citation recorded.