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Antibacterial Activity Test of Nudibranches Polka - Dot (Jorunna funebris) (Gastropods : Molusc) Extract Against Multi(Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Nudibranch Polka-Dot (Jorunna funebris) (Gastropoda : Moluska) Terhadap Bakteri Multidrug Resistant (MDR))

Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Published: 2 Dec 2015.

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Abstract

Terjadinya resistensi antibiotik menjadi permasalahan dalam dunia kesehatan. Peningkatan kemampuan patogen dalam menahan efek obat menyebabkan timbulnya resistensi. Beberapa bakteri patogen pada manusia dilaporkan telah mengalami resistensi terhadap lebih dari satu kelas antibiotik. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan pencarian senyawa antibiotik baru yang lebih efektif dalam mengatasi permasalahan bakteri Multi-drug Resistant (MDR). Metabolit sekunder yang diproduksi oleh invertebrata laut  mempunyai prospek sebagai bahan obat dari laut. Nudibranch diduga mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder sebagai mekanisme pertahanan diri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fraksi dari ekstrak nudibranch Jorunna funebris yang menunjukkan bioaktivitas terhadap bakteri Multi-drug Resistant (MDR). Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Fraksinasi dengan Kromatografi Kolom Terbuka (KKT). Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar. Analisis komponen senyawa dengan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 8 fraksi ekstrak nudibranch J. funebris menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil uji aktivitas menunjukkan fraksi I paling aktif terhadap 5 bakteri uji yaitu Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter 5 dan Enterobacter 10 dengan rata-rata zona hambatan secara berurutan sebesar 12,78 mm; 12,51 mm; 15,47 mm; 14,09 mm dan 12,46 mm. Fraksi II paling aktif terhadap bakteri Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus dengan rata-rata zona hambatan sebesar 12,70 mm. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa dalam fraksi II terdapat senyawa 1-oktadekanol yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri.

Kata kunci : nudibranch, Jorunna funebris, antibakteri, multi-drug resistant, 1-oktadekanol


Emergence of antibiotic resistance become a problems on medical world. Increasing pathogen ability to hold the antibiotic effect caused resistance. Several human-patogen bacteria were resistance to one or more classes of antibiotics. To solve those problems, it is necessary to search new antibiotic compounds that more effective to solve the problem of Multi-drug Resistant (MDR). The secondary metabolite produced by marine invertebrates have prospect as a marine biomedical. Nudibranch may produce the secondary metabolite as chemical defense mechanism. The purpose of the research was to obtain fraction from extract nudibranch Jorunna funebris that capable of bioactivity for Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria. Extraction process was conducted with maceration method. Crude extracts were fractionated by Open Column Chromatography. Antibacterial activity test was done using disk diffusion method. Chemical compounds were analyzed with GC-MS. The result showed that 8 fractions of nudibranch J. funebris extract showed antibacterial activity. Activity test showed fraction I has ability to inhibit Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter 5 and Enterobacter 10 with average value of inhibitory zone was 12,78 mm; 12,51 mm; 15,47 mm; 14,09 mm and 12,46 mm. Fraction II has ability to inhibit Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus with mean inhibitory zone was 12,70 mm. GC-MS analyses showed 1-octadecanol from fraction II, that capable as antibacterial compound.

Key words: nudibranch, Jorunna funebris, antibacterial, multi-drug resistant, 1-octadecanol


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