Masculinization of Tropical Eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland in Different Population Density

*Farida Nur Rachmawati orcid  -  Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Yulia Sistina  -  Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Received: 15 Apr 2020; Revised: 6 Jul 2020; Accepted: 7 Jul 2020; Published: 2 Sep 2020; Available online: 2 Aug 2020.
Open Access License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Citation Format:
Abstract

In general, female eel dominates the results of catching eel in the river. Male fish dare rarely found in nature, therefore masculinization is necessary for obtaining in males.  The administration of 17α-methyltestosterone  to masculinize Anguilla bicolor McClelland.   It is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid which has potential to endocrine disrupter that disturbed function of normal reproduction in human or animal. It urgently needed that a masculinization technique needs to study the use of an environmental factor. Population density is one of the environmental factors that influence gender determination (ESD-environmental dependent sex determination). This will result in increased cortisol secretion, which will further stimulate the synthesis of 11-KT steroids that affect male gonad differentiation. This study aims to induce masculinization in tropical eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland in different density. Three treatments and three replicates conducted the research. The treatments were one fish.48 L-1, two fish.48 L-1   and three fish.48 L-1.  Eels size was approximately similar, at 16,78 g±0,62 in weight, and 25,38 cm±0,15 in length were either culture in brackish water for eight weeks. The results showed that density population treatment significantly increased the Fin Index (P<0.05), but no sign for Eye Index, GSI, HSI, and testosterone level. The highest male population (77,8%) achieves at the highest density treatment, three fish.48 L-1 population density. It can be concluded, based on reproductive observations, population density does not affect gonad maturity/puberty, but the high population density (3 fish.48 L-1)stimulates Anguilla bicolor McClelland masculinization.

Keywords: Anguilla bicolor; masculinization; population density
Funding: Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language: EN
In Vol 25, No 3 (2020): Ilmu Kelautan
Statistics: 165 191
Others articles
Skrining Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Spons Jaspis sp. Sebagai Penghasil Senyawa Antimikroba Studi Tingkah Laku Ikan pada Proses Penangkapan dengan Alat Bantu Cahaya : Suatu Pendekatan Akustik Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Plankton di Perairan Selat Bali (Plankton Abundance and Diversity in the Bali Strait) Pola Sirkulasi Arus Laut di Perairan Pantai Provinsi Sumatera Barat Pengaruh Kadar Air Terhadap Laju Respirasi Tanah Tambak pada Penggunaan Katul Padi Sebagai Priming Agent Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Komposisi Kimia Keong Matah Merah (Cerithidea obtusa) (Antioxidant Activity and Nutrient Composition of Matah Merah Snail (Cerithidea obtusa))
  1. Arai, T. & Abdul Kadir, S.R. 2017. Opportunistic spawning of tropical anguillid eels Anguilla bicolor bicolor and A. bengalensis bengalensis. Sci. Reports, 7(1):1-17. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41649
  2. Baehaqi, I., Saraswati, T.R. & Yuniwarti, E.Y.W. 2018. Sex Determination in Male and Female Melopsittacus undulates using a Morphometric Method. J. Biol. Biol. Educ., 10(3): 533-538. https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.14067
  3. Bark, A., Williams, B. & Knights, B. 2007. Current status and temporal trends in stocks of European eel in England and Wales. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 64(7): 1368-1378. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm117
  4. Chen, J., Hu, W. & Zhu, Z. 2013. Progress in studies of fish reproductive development regulation. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(1):7-16. doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5577-1.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5577-1
  5. Degani, G. 2016. A model of hormonal and environmental involvement in growth and sex differentiation in European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Adv. Biol. Chem., 6:41-145. https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2016.64012
  6. Dekker, W. 2016. Management of the eel is slipping through our hands! Distribute control and orchestrate national protection. J. Mar. Sci., 73(10):2442-2452. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw094
  7. De Smith, M.J. 2018. A Comprehensive Handbook of Statistical Concept, Techniques and Software Tools. The Winchelsea Press, Drumlin Security Ltd, Edinburgh. 660 pp
  8. Fernandino, J.I., Ricardo, S.H., Omar, D.M. & Carlos, A.S. 2013. Environmental stress-induce testis diffenrentiation: Androgen as by a product of cortisol inactivation. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 192:36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.05.024
  9. Geffroy, B. & Bardonnet, A. 2015. Sex differentiation and sex determination in eels: Consequences for management. Fish and Fisheries, John Willey & Sons Ltd. Pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12113
  10. Hagihara, S., Aoyama, J., Sudo, R., Limbong, D., Ijiri, Sh., Adachi, Sh. & Tsukamoto, K. 2019. Reproductive Physiological Characteristics Of Tropical Celebes Eels Anguilla Celebesensis In Relation To Downstream Migration And Ovarian J. Fish Biol., 96(3):558-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14231
  11. Harisson, A.J., Walker, A.M., Pinder, A.C., Briand, C., & Aprahamian, M.W. 2014. A review of glass eel migratory behaviour, sampling techniques and abundance estimates in estuaries: implications for assessing recruitment, local production and exploitation. Rev. Fish Biol. Fisheries. 24(4): 967-983
  12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9356-8
  13. Huertas, M. & Cerda, J. 2006. Stocking density at early developmental stages affects growth and sex ratio in the European Eel (Anguilla anguilla). Biol. Bull. 211:286-296. https://doi.org/10.2307/4134550
  14. Lee, S.C. & Lou, S.W. 2019. Androgenic modulation in the primary ovarian growth of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Zoolog. Stud., 58:2-17. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2019.58-02
  15. Macri, F., Rapisarda, G., De Stefano, C., De Majo, M., Bottari, T. & Aiudi, G. 2014. Coelioscopic investigation in European eels (Anguilla anguilla). J. Exotic Pet Med., 23:147-151. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2014.02.014
  16. Mordenti, O., Di Biase, A., Sirri, R., Modugno, S. & Tasselli, A. 2012. Induction of sexual maturation in wild female European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in darkness and light. Israeli J. Aquacul., 64:726-735
  17. Nagel, F., Wagner, C., Hanel, R. & Kamman, U. 2012. The Silvering process of European (Anguilla anguilla) influensces PAH metabolite concentrations in bile fluid: Consequences for monitoring. Chemospher., 87(1):91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.071
  18. Tanaka, H. 2015. Progression in artificial seedling production of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Fish Sci., 81:11-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-014-0821-z
  19. Rachmawati, F.N., & Susilo, U. 2009. Perkembangan Gonad Ikan Sidat, Anguilla bicolor Ditinjau dari Titer Hormon Gonadotrophin. Sains Akuatik, 10(2):148-154
  20. Rachmawati, F.N. & Susilo, U. 2011. Profil Hormon dan Kinerja Reproduksi Ikan sidat, Anguilla bicolor McClelland. Biota, 16 (2):221 - 226. https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v16i2.103
  21. Rachmawati, F.N., & Susilo, U. 2012. Kajian Histologi Ikan Sidat, Anguilla bicolor McClelland, yang tertangkap di Segara Anakan Cilacap. Berkala Penelitian Hayati, 18(1):47-49. https://doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.18.1.20128
  22. Rachmawati, F.N., Susilo, U., & Muslih. 2017. Karakteristik reproduksi ikan sidat Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844 yang diinduksi GnRH-analog. J. Iktiologi Indo., 17(2):155-163. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v17i2.355
  23. Rachmawati, F.N., Affandi, R., & Sistina, Y. 2018. Effectively of 17-α Methyltestosterone on tropical eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland masculinization in different salinity culture . Omni-Akuatika, 14(2):73 - 78
  24. Robak, S. 2005. Sex structure, recruitment rate, and size of maturing specimens of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in a population from lakes in North eastern Poland. Archives of Polish Fisheries 13(2):181-92
  25. Roncarati, A., Melotti, P., Mordenti, O. & Gennari, L. 1997. Influence of stocking density of European eel (Anguilla anguilla, L.) elvers on sex differentiation and zootechnical performances. J. App. Ichtyol., 13:131-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1997.tb00112.x
  26. Tesch, F.W. 2003. The Eel. Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K., 408 pp. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470995389
  27. Yokouchi, K., Sudo, R., Kaifu, K., Aoyama, J. & Tsukamoto, K. 2009. Biological Characteristics of Silver-Phase Japanese Eels, Anguilla japonica, Collected from Hamman Lake, Japan. Coast. Mar. Sci., 33(1):1-10

Last update: 2021-03-03 09:52:04

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-03-03 09:52:05

No citation recorded.
Copyright (c) 2020 ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences
License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Copy this form and after filling it, please send it to ijms@undip.ac.id:

COPYRIGHT TRANSFER STATEMENT

When this article is accepted for publication, its copyright is transferred to ILMU KELAUTAN Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, UNDIP. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.

The author warrants that this article is original and that the author has full power to publish. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. In regard to all kind of plagiarism in this manuscript, if any, only the author(s) will take full responsibility.  If the article is based on or part of student’s skripsi, thesis or dissertation, the student needs to sign as his/her agreement that his/her works is going to be published.

 

Title of article       :...........................................................................................................................


Name of Author(s) :...........................................................................................................................


Author’s signature  :...........................................................................................................................


Date                     :...........................................................................................................................