Aplikasi Pakan Alami Kaya Karotenoid untuk Post Larvae Penaeus monodon Fab. (Applications Rich Natural Carotenoids Feed for Post Larvae of Penaeus monodon Fab.)

Abstract

Udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) merupakan komoditas unggulan Indonesia sedangkan ketersediaan benih udang windu mengalami penurunan mencapai 50% disebabkan serangan berbagai penyakit dan keterbatasan pakan. Aplikasi pakan rekombinan hasil fusi protoplas yang kaya karotenoid telah terbukti meningkatkan bobot dan kelulushidupan larva udang windu skala laboratorium.  Teknik fusi protoplas telah terbukti mampu menghasilkan rekombinan yang memiliki gabungan karotenoid dari berbagai alga sehingga jumlah karotenoidnya semakin meningkat. Dunaliella menghasilkan karotenoid β-karoten dan zeaxantin dalam jumlah besar sedangkan Chlorella menghasilkan lutein, β-karoten dan astaxanthin. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah mengaplikasikan pakan alami hasil fusi protoplas kedua jenis mikroalga pada larva udang windu di Balai Budidaya Air Payau Jepara untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap serangan penyakit.  Penelitian ini melakukan kultivasi induk dan rekombinan diikuti analisis pigmen karotenoid dan aplikasi pakan rekombinan secara in vitro. Aplikasinya pada skala in vitro telah meningkatkan berat badan udang dan kelulushidupannya dibandingkan pakan buatan dan pakan alami saja. Selain itu pertumbuhan pakan rekombinan stabil baik di air tawar maupun air asin, mampu berkembangbiak secara alami dan konsumsinya aman bagi hewan budidaya dan lingkungan.

Kata kunci: karotenoid, fusi protoplas , Dunaliella salina, Chlorella vulgaris,

Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) is one of the main commodities of aquaculture products in Indonesia. The availability of Tiger shrimp larvae has decreased up to 50% due to the attack of various diseases and feed limitation. Application of feed from recombinant of protoplast fusion rich in carotenoids have been shown to increase weight and survival rate of tiger shrimp larvae on laboratory scale. Protoplast fusion technique has been shown to produce a recombinant that has combined various carotenoids from algae thus increasing their catotenoids number. Dunaliella produce carotenoids β - carotene and zeaxantin in large numbers while Chlorella produce lutein, β - carotene and astaxanthin. The specific objective of this research is to apply natural food of protoplast fusion recombinant from both of microalgae to Tiger shrimp larvae in Brackish Water Aquaculture Center Jepara to improve resistance to disease. This study conducted cultivation of parent and recombinant followed by carotenoid pigment analysis and application of recombinant feed in vitro. Application on a in vitro scale have increased body weight and shrimp survival compared to artificial food and natural food. Additionally feed recombinant growth were stable in both freshwater and saltwater. They also able to breed naturally and safe for animal consumption and environmental.

Keywords: carotenoid, protoplast fusion, Dunaliella salina, Chlorella vulgaris