DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.21.4.772-780

The Effects of El Nino Southern Oscillation on Rainfall in the Karst Area of Maros, National Park Bantimurung Bulusaraung South Sulawesi and its Impact on Flood Disasters

1Departmen of Physics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

2Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

Received: 9 Aug 2022; Revised: 12 May 2023; Accepted: 15 Jul 2023; Available online: 14 Sep 2023; Published: 21 Sep 2023.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

Citation Format:
Abstract

The aims of this study were to describe rainfall profiles, to analyze the effect of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall and its impact on flood disasters in the karst area of Maros, National Park Bantimurung Bulusaraung South Sulawesi. The data used were monthly data of ENSO parameters and monthly data on rainfall of Karst Maros TN Babul area in the range of 2011-2020. The monthly data of ENSO parameters consist of Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) data, namely Nino Index 3.4 and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) obtained from the official website of NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and from the official website of BOM (Bureau of Meteorology), respectively. Whereas, the monthly data of rainfall of Karst Maros TN Babul area was obtained from Maros Climatology Station, South Sulawesi. The data was analyzed (i.e. graph analysis and simple linear regression) using Microsoft Excel 2010 Software and ArcGIS Software for map creation. The results showed that the rainfall profile of the karst Maros TN Babul region for the period 2011-2020 has a monsoon rainfall pattern with the highest rainfall in December, January, and February, while the lowest rainfall occurs in June, July, and August. The significant effect of ENSO on rainfall in the Karst Maros TN Babul Area for the period 2011-2020 was categorized as a moderate with an ONI correlation coefficient value of 0.521 and SOI of 0.465. The effect of ENSO on rainfall is in the range from 25.9 to 33.1% which result in flood disasters in the karst Maros TN Babul area such as Bantimurung, Tompobulu, Camba, and Simbang districts. The flood disasters mostly occurs in January and December with rainfall intensity from high to very high category.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Flooding; Rainfall; El Nino Southern Oscillation; Karst Maros

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Studi Kinetika Esktraksi Silika dari Abu Sekam Limbah Penggilingan Padi pada Kabupaten Gowa Nilai Ekonomi Biodiversitas Pada Rotasi Pengelolaan Hutan Kemiri (Aleurites Moluccana L. Willd.) di Daerah Penyangga Taman Nasional Lore Lindu Analisis Paparan Radiasi Elektromagnetik di Jaringan Distribusi 20 KV PT PLN (Persero) Unit Pelaksana Pelayanan Pelanggan (UP3) Payakumbuh More recent articles
Most cited articles
Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Hasil Padi dari Cara Olah Tanah dan Pemberian Herbisida Di Lahan Sawah MK 2015 Struktur Vegetasi Kawasan Hutan Pada Zona Ketinggian Berbeda di Kawasan Gunung Galunggung Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DI KAWASAN KENDENG UTARA PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH PENGENDALIAN EMISI GAS BUANG BOILER BATUBARA DENGAN SISTEM ABSORBSI Menakar Kapasitas Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim Petani Padi Sawah (Kasus Kabupaten Pasuruan Jawa Timur) More cited articles
  1. Aldrian, E., Karmini, M., & Budiman. (2011). Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia. Pusat Perubahan Iklim dan Kualitas Udara, Kedeputian Bidang Klimatologi, Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika
  2. Arham, M., Arsyad, M., & Palloan, P. (2015). Analisis Karakteristik Curah Hujan dan Tinggi Muka Air Daerah Aliran Sungai (Das) Pute Rammang-Rammang Kawasan Karst Maros. Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika (JSPF), Jilid 11(1), 82-87
  3. Arsyad, M., Pawitan, H., Sidauruk, P., & Putri, E. I. K. (2014). Analisis Ketersediaan Air Sungai Bawah Tanah dan Pemanfaatan Berkelanjutan di Kawasan Karst Maros Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Manuasia dan Lingkungan, 21(1), 8-14
  4. Arsyad, M. (2016). Ilmu Kebumian. Badan Penerbit UNM: Makassar
  5. Arsyad, M., Ihsan, N., & Sulistiawaty. (2016). Analisis Mineral Ornamen Gua Kawasan Karst Maros Sebagai Indikasi Perubahan Iklim. Laporan Akhir Tahun Penelitian Fundamental, Universitas Negeri Makassar
  6. Arsyad, M., Ihsan, N., & Tiwow, V. A. (2016). Estimation of underground river water availability based on rainfall in the Maros karst region, South Sulawesi. AIP Conference Proceedings. 1708, 070003
  7. Arsyad, M., Ihsan, N., Tiwow, V. A., & Ahmar, A. S. (2017). Model of groundwater flow using boltzmann lattice-gas automation method in Maros karst region, Indonesia. Journal Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 1-7
  8. Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) Stasiun Klimatologi Maros. (2021). Data Curah Hujan Bulanan Kabupaten Maros
  9. Badwi, N., Baharuddin, I. I., & Abbas, I. (2020). Pemetaan Tingkat Rawan Bencana Banjir di Daerah Aliran Sungai Maros. La Geografia, 18(3), 309-322
  10. BNPB. (2021). Defenisi Bencana. 1 Juli, 2021. https://www.bnpb.go.id
  11. BoM. (2021). El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). March 5, 2021
  12. http://www.bom.gov.au/water/awid/id-183.shtml
  13. Dewanti, Y. P., Muliadi & Adriat, R. (2018). Pengaruh El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Terhadap Curah Hujan di Kalimantan Barat. Prisma Fisika, 6(3), 145-151
  14. Dewi, S. M & Marzuki. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Pergeseran Lokasi ENSO terhadap Curah Hujan di Indonesia. Jurnal Fisika Unand, 9(2), 176 – 182
  15. Fitria, W., & Pratama, M.S. (2013). Pengaruh Fenomena El Niño 1997 dan La Niña 1999 Terhadap Curah Hujan di Biak. Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika, 14(2), 65-74
  16. Hidayat, A. M., Efendi, U., Agustina, L., & Winarso, P. A. (2018). Korelasi Indeks Nino 3.4 dan Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) dengan Variasi Curah Hujan di Semarang. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, 19(2), 75–81
  17. INA Geospasial. (2021). Peta RBI Kabupaten Maros. 17 Agustus, 2021. https://tanahair.indonesia.go.id/portal-web
  18. Irwandi et al. (2018). The influence of ENSO to the rainfall variability in North Sumatra Province. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 335:012055
  19. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Ditjen Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem. (2021). Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung. 19 Maret, 2021. http://ksdae.menlhk.go.id/album/13/57.html
  20. Kompas. (2021). Banjir Kabupaten Maros Tahun 2011-2020. 22 Juni, 2021. https://nasional.kompas.com
  21. Lestari D. O., Sutriyono, E., Sabarudin & Iskandar, I. (2018). Respective influences of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño Southern Oscillation on Indonesian precipitation. J. Math. Fund. Sci, 40 257-272
  22. Nabilah, F., Prasetyo, Y., & Sukmono, A. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Fenomena El Nino dan La Nina Terhadap Curah Hujan Tahun 1998–2016 Menggunakan Indikator Oni (Oceanic Nino Index). Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 6(4), 402-412
  23. Narulita, I. (2017). Pengaruh ENSO dan IOD pada Variabilitas Curah Hujan di DAS Cerucuk, Pulau Belitung. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim, 41(1), 45-60
  24. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) : Climate Prediction Center. (2021). ENSO: Recent evolution, current status and predictions. NOAA
  25. Nur’utami, M. N., & Hidayat, R. (2016). Influences of IOD and ENSO to Indonesian rainfall variability: Role of atmosphere-ocean interaction in the Indo-pacific Sector. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33, 196–203
  26. Pabalik, I., Ihsan, N., & Arsyad, M. (2015). Analisis Fenomena Perubahan Iklim dan Karakteristik Curah Hujan Ekstrim di Kota Makassar. Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika (JSPF), Jilid 11(1), 88-92
  27. Qian, J. H. (2007). Why precipitation is mostly concentrated over island in the Maritime Continent. Journal of The Atmospheric Science, 65, 1428 -1440
  28. Renggono, F. (2011). Pengaruh Enso Terhadap Pola Angin dan Curah Hujan di Das Larona, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, 12(2), 63-68
  29. Safril, A. (2018). Pengaruh Intesitas El Nino Southern Oscillation disertai Indian Ocean Dipole Terhadap Sifat Hujan di Jawa Barat Bagian Tenggara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika (E-Journal) SNF2018, 7
  30. Simbolon, F. Y. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh ENSO Terhadap Curah Hujan dan Banjir di DKI Jakarta. Presentation: researchgate.net publication, Universitas Padjajaran
  31. S. Sri, M., Ihsan, N., & Sulistiawaty. (2015). Analisis Pola dan Intensitas Curah Hujan Berdasakan Data Observasi dan SatelitTropical Rainfall Measuring Missions (TRMM) 3b42 V7 di Makassar. Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika (JSPF), Jilid 11(1), 98-103
  32. Sugiyono. (2006). Statistika Untuk Penelitian. ALFABETA: Bandung
  33. Sulselprov. (2018). Kabupaten Maros–Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. 19 Maret, 2021
  34. https://sulselprov.go.id/pages/des_kab/11
  35. Surinati, D. (2013). Lautan dan Iklim. Jurnal Oseana, XXXVIII (3), 33-40
  36. Trismidianto & Satyawardhana, H. (2018). Mesoscale Convective Complexes (MCCs) over the Indonesian Maritime Continent during the ENSO events IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ Sci. 149:012025
  37. Vitri, T & Marzuki. (2014). Analisis Pengaruh El Nino Southern Oscilation (Enso) Terhadap Curah Hujan di Koto Tabang Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Fisika Unand, 3(4), 214-221
  38. Yuggotomo, M. E., & Ihwan, A. (2014). Pengaruh Fenomena El Niño Southern Oscillation dan Dipole Mode Terhadap Curah Hujan di Kabupaten Ketapang. POSITRON, 6(2), 35 – 39
  39. Wang, C., Deser, C., Yu, J.Y., DiNezio, P., & Clement, A. (2017). El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO): A review. Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 8, 85-106

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-05-10 19:34:38

No citation recorded.