skip to main content

The Correlation Between Macrobenthic Mollusk Community Structure, Water Quality, And Sediment For Evaluating The Environmental Status Of The Aquaculture Area In Lake Rawapening

1Depatement of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudarto No. 13, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275, Indonesia;, Indonesia

2Center of Marine Ecology and Biomonitoring for Sustainable Aquaculture, Diponegoro University, Central Java, Indonesia, Indonesia

3Depatement of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 21 Mar 2024; Revised: 5 Jun 2025; Accepted: 17 Aug 2025; Available online: 30 Sep 2025; Published: 8 Oct 2025.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

Citation Format:
Abstract

Due to the surge in global food demand, aquaculture in Indonesia has expanded rapidly. Fish farming activities using floating net cages that neglect environmental pollution have become a significant issue in Lake Rawapening. Macrobenthic mollusks serve as valuable bioindicators for assessing disturbances in aquatic ecosystems, as they exhibit sedentary behavior, slow movement, and high sensitivity to fluctuations in water quality. This study aims to assess the structure of macrobenthic mollusk communities, environmental quality, and ecological status in the aquaculture areas of Lake Rawapening. Sediment samples were collected from polyculture, monoculture, and reference sites. A total of 9 species from 2 classes and 7 families were found at all three sites, with a low diversity index (H'), indicating limited community stability. Diversity was higher at polyculture sites compared to monoculture sites. Abiotic analysis showed that environmental parameters (temperature, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphate) still met quality standards, although dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were low. The sediment substrate was dominated by clayey silt. Temperature was the abiotic factor most strongly correlated with mollusk abundance (r = 0.612; BIO-ENV, PRIMER 6.1.5). Based on the EWS-3 SWJ software, polyculture and monoculture sites were classified as moderately disturbed, while the reference area showed light to moderate disturbance.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Aquatic Bioindicators; Community Stability; Ecosystem Disturbance; Sustainable Aquaculture

Article Metrics:

  1. Alfitriatussulus. 2003. Distribution of Molluscs (Bivalvia and Gastropods) in the Cimandiri River Estuary, Pelabuhan Ratu Bay, Sukabumi, West Java. Water Resources Management Study Program. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science. Bogor Agricultural Institute. Bogor. 62 p
  2. Athifah, Putri, M. N., Wahyudi, S. I., Rosalina, E. R. 2019. Mollusc Diversity as a Bioindicator of Water Quality in the Kebon Kongok Landfill Area, Lombok. Journal of Tropical Bology, 19(1) :54–60. DOI : https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i1.774
  3. Barus, B.S., Munthe, R.Y., Bernando, M. 2020. Total Organic Carbon and Phosphate Content in Sediments in the Waters of the Banyuasin Estuary, South Sumatra. J. Tropical Marine Science and Technology, 12(2): 395-406. DOI : https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i2.28211
  4. Boggs, S. 2013. Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. Pearson Education
  5. Dexter, E., Rollwagen-Bollens, G., & Bollens, S. M. 2018. The trouble with stress: A flexible method for the evaluation of nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 16(7), 434–443
  6. Febrianto, Johannes. 2016. Pengolahan Air Limbah Budidaya Perikanan Melalui Proses Anaerob Menggunakan Bantuan Material Bambu [Treatment of Aquaculture Wastewater Through Anaerobic Processes Using Bamboo Material Assistance]. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 1(2):83–90. DOI : https://doi.org/10.29244/jsil.1.2.83-90
  7. Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. Indonesia
  8. Hoogsteen. M.J.J., Lantinga E.A., Bakker. E.J., Tittonell P.A. 2018. An Evaluation of the Loss-on-Ignition Method for Determining the Soil Organic Matter Content of Calcareous Soils, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 49:13, 1541-1552, DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2018.1474475
  9. Kordi, M. G. H., and Tangcung, A. B. 2005. Pengelolaan kualitas air dalam budidaya perairan [Water Quality Management in Aquaculture]. Publisher Rineka Cipta. Jakarta. [In Indonesian]
  10. Lailiyah, S., Arfiati, D., Hertika, A. M. S., Arum, N. D. K., & Noviya, C. B. 2021. The effectiveness of Filopaludina javanica and Sulcospira testudinaria in reducing organic matter in catfish (Clarias sp.) aquaculture wastewater. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 13(1):116–123. http://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v13i1.14725
  11. Lambshead, P. J. D., Platt, H. M., & Shaw, K. M. 1983. The detection of differences among assemblages of marine benthic species based on an assessment of dominance and diversity. Journal of natural History, 17(6), 859-874
  12. Madjid, A. 2007. Fundamentals of soil science: Online teaching materials. Faculty of Agriculture. Sriwijaya University. Palembang, 275 p
  13. Mashoreng. S, Hatta. M, Tambara. R, and Rahman. R 2022. Changes in Nitrate and Phosphate Concentrations in Sediments As a Result of Damage to Seagrasses Due to Ship Anchors in the Spermonde Islands, Makassar. Maspari Journal (1):15-24
  14. Miguel, Barros. T., Junior, J. M., Ligeiro, R., and Juen, L. 2017. Odonata (Insecta) as a Tool for the Biomonitoring of Environmental Quality. Ecological Indicators 81(March):55–66. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.010
  15. Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. 2016. Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 68 concerning Clean Water Quality Standards. Indonesia
  16. Odum. 1993. Fundamentals of Ecology. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press
  17. Priawandiputra, W., Huda, M. I. N., Kardinan, A. K., Prawasti, T. S. 2020. Morphometric characteristics and heavy metal bioaccumulation in edible freshwater gastropod (Filopaludina javanica). IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 457 012005. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/457/1/012005
  18. Price, C. S., Morris, J. A. 2013. Marine cage culture and the environment: twenty-first century science informing a sustainable industry. Pivers Island Rd: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS
  19. Purnama, M. F. and Salwiyah. 2022. Short Communication: Invasive molluscs Melanoides tuberculate, and Achatina fulica in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversity, 23(9): 4770-4774. DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230944
  20. Putro, S. P., R. Hariyati, S. Suhartana, and A. Sudaryono. 2014. Evaluation of Multilevel Floating Net Cage Cultivation Practices Based on Dominant and Opportunistic Macrobenthos Taxa. Pp. 49–60 in Indonesian Aquaculture Conference 2013
  21. Raw, J. L., Perissinotto,R., Miranda, N. F. A. and Peer, N. 2016. Feeding dynamics of Melanoides tuberculata (Muller, 1774). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 82: 328-335. DOI : https://doi.org/ 10.1093/mollus/eyv070
  22. Razak, A. 2002. Dynamics of Sediment Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Their Relation to Mollusc Community Structure (Bivalvia and Gastropods) in Muara Bandar Bakali Padang. Bogor Agricultural Institute. Bogor. 172 pp
  23. Riniatsih, I. and Edi, W. K. 2010. Substrat Dasar dan Parameter Oseanografi Sebagai Penentu Keberadaan Gastropoda dan Bivalvia di Pantai Sluke Kabupaten Rembang [Basic Substrate and Oceanographic Parameters as Determinants for the Presence of Gastropods and Bivalvia in Sluke Beach, Rembang Regency]. Marine Science. 14(1):50-59. DOI : 10.14710/ik.ijms.14.1.50-59
  24. Sarong, M. A., Jihan, C., Muchlisin, Z. A., Fadli, N., Sugianto, S. 2015. Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc Contamination on the Oyster Crassostrea gigas Muscle Harvested from the Estuary of Lamnyong River, Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. International Journal of the Bioflux Society. Vols 8 (1), 1 – 6
  25. Susantoro, T. M. & Andayani, A. 2019. Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Kawasan Pesisir Tanjung Selor Kalimantan Utara. Oceanology and Limnology in Indonesia, 4(1):1-14. DOI : 10.14203/oldi.2019.v4i1.181
  26. Syahminan, Riani, E., Anwar, S. & Rifardi. 2015. Telaahan Logam Berat Pb Dan Cd Pada Sedimen Di Perairan Barat Laut Dumai, Riau. Journal of Natural Resources and Environment Management, 5(2):133-140. DOI : 10.19081/jpsl.2015.5.2.133
  27. Usro, U. M., S. H. Julinda, and Guntur. 2013. Concentration of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in Surface Sediments in the Waters of the Wonorejo Rungkut River Estuary, East Surabaya. This is Student Journal. 1(1): 7 – 13
  28. Utomo, A. D. 2014. Effect of water hyacinth harvesting methods that are not environmentally friendly on water quality in RawamPening. Proceedings of Semnaskan UGM XI. Fisheries and Marine Research Results. Yogyakarta. MA,(13),55-62
  29. V Pérez-Quintero, J. C. 2011. Freshwater mollusc biodiversity and conservation in two stressed Mediterranean basins. Limnologica, 41(3): 201-212. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2010.09.007
  30. Wagey, B.T., Ariane, A.C., Pacarat, Bucol, L. 2018. Abundance and diversity of molluscs associated with Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) beds of Solong-on, Siquijor Island, Philippines. Bioflux 11(4)
  31. Wardhana, Vishnu. 2006. Training for Preparation of Environmental Impact Analysis Methods for Predicting Impacts and Their Management on Components of Aquatic Biota. Jakarta: University of Indonesia
  32. Warwick, R. M., Clarke, K. R., & Somerfield, P. J. 2008. k-dominance curves. Encyclopedia of Ecology, 3, 2055-2057

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-10-09 03:33:49

No citation recorded.