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Bentuk dan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Ikan Kerapu Muara dan Baronang di Mangrove Denpasar, Bali

1Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Kesehatan dan Sains, Universitas Dhyana Pura, Kuta Utara, Kabupaten Badung 80351, Indonesia, Indonesia

2Environmental Research Center (PPLH), Udayana University, Denpasar 80234, Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 25 Oct 2024; Revised: 11 Apr 2025; Accepted: 17 Apr 2025; Available online: 25 May 2025; Published: 31 May 2025.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

Mikroplastik merupakan salah satu isu lingkungan yang semakin mengkhawatirkan karena dampaknya terhadap ekosistem laut dan kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk, warna, ukuran, dan jenis polimer mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada ikan kerapu muara (Epinephelus coioides) dan ikan baronang (Siganus sp.) di kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Batu Lumbang, Denpasar. Sampel ikan diambil dari habitat alami mereka, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode destruksi saluran cerna dengan larutan KOH 10%, penyaringan dengan kertas saring Whatman, serta identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop dan spektroskopi FT-IR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah fibers, dengan persentase mencapai 80% pada kedua jenis ikan, diikuti oleh fragmen dan film dalam jumlah yang lebih kecil. Warna mikroplastik yang dominan adalah bening (56-60%), diikuti oleh warna biru, hitam, dan cokelat. Sebagian besar partikel berukuran kecil (≤1 mm), sehingga lebih mudah tertelan dan terakumulasi dalam tubuh ikan. Analisis FT-IR mengidentifikasi polyethylene dan polyacetylene sebagai polimer utama, yang kemungkinan besar berasal dari limbah rumah tangga dan aktivitas manusia seperti perikanan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas manusia, termasuk pembuangan sampah plastik, berkontribusi besar terhadap pencemaran mikroplastik di kawasan mangrove. Hasil ini memberikan gambaran penting untuk pengelolaan limbah plastik yang lebih baik dan upaya mitigasi pencemaran. Dengan langkah-langkah yang tepat, dampak negatif terhadap ekosistem mangrove dan kesehatan masyarakat dapat diminimalkan, mendukung keberlanjutan ekosistem dan kehidupan di wilayah pesisir.

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Keywords: Mikroplastik; Ikan Demersal; Ekosistem Mangrove,;Polimer Sintetik;Pencemaran Plastik

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