DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.2.410-421

Pengaruh Faktor Meteorologi terhadap Dispersi Emisi NO₂, SO₂, dan PM dari Cerobong Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Berdasarkan Model AERMOD dan Analisis PCA

Fakultas MIPA dan Kesehatan Program Studi Fisika Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 28 Aug 2025; Revised: 28 Jun 2026; Accepted: 29 Jun 2026; Available online: 16 Jul 2026; Published: 18 Jul 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Industri kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu sumber emisi pencemar udara yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas lingkungan dan memengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat melalui pelepasan partikulat (PM), nitrogen dioksida (NO₂), dan sulfur dioksida (SO₂) dari proses pembakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan dispersi PM, NO₂, dan SO₂ yang berasal dari cerobong industri kelapa sawit, mengevaluasi distribusi spasial konsentrasi polutan terhadap baku mutu udara ambien, serta mengidentifikasi faktor meteorologi yang memengaruhi variasi konsentrasi polutan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Penelitian dilakukan pada kawasan industri kelapa sawit PT XY yang memiliki 122 sumber emisi. Pemodelan dispersi dilakukan menggunakan AERMOD dengan data meteorologi periode 2015–2024 yang diolah melalui AERMET dan data topografi Digital Elevation Model (DEM) yang diproses menggunakan AERMAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arah angin dominan berasal dari Timur–Tenggara sehingga pola sebaran polutan cenderung bergerak ke Barat–Barat Laut. Konsentrasi maksimum PM mencapai 378 µg/m³ dan melebihi baku mutu udara ambien di area dekat sumber emisi, sedangkan konsentrasi maksimum NO₂ dan SO₂ masing-masing sebesar 20,5 µg/m³ dan 17,9 µg/m³ masih berada di bawah baku mutu nasional. Sumber emisi terbesar berasal dari tungku bakar dengan laju emisi PM sebesar 361,46 g/s, NO₂ sebesar 22,527 g/s, dan SO₂ sebesar 20,5 g/s. Analisis PCA menghasilkan tiga komponen utama yang mampu menjelaskan 82,7% total variasi data. Curah hujan, radiasi matahari, tekanan udara, suhu, kelembapan, arah angin, dan tutupan awan merupakan faktor meteorologi dominan yang memengaruhi variasi konsentrasi polutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selain besarnya emisi dari sumber, kondisi meteorologi berperan penting dalam menentukan pola dispersi dan distribusi konsentrasi polutan di kawasan industri kelapa sawit.
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Keywords: kelapa sawit; AERMOD; PCA; dispersi polutan; faktor meteorologi; emisi cerobong

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Section: Research Article
Language : ID
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