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Analisis Cemaran Mikroba E. Coli dan Total Koliform Pada Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang: Studi Kasus di Pulo Gadung, Jakarta Timur

Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Respati Indonesia, Jakarta Timur 13890, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Depot air minum isi ulang (DAMIU) merupakan salah satu sumber utama penyediaan air minum bagi masyarakat karena harganya terjangkau dan mudah diakses. Namun, keberadaan cemaran mikrobiologis seperti Escherichia coli dan total koliform menunjukkan potensi risiko terhadap kesehatan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan cemaran mikroba Escherichia coli dan total koliform pada DAMIU di Kecamatan Pulo Gadung Jakarta Timur, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberadaan cemaran tersebut.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 61 DAMIU sebagai sampel. Data karakteristik operator, sumber air baku, dan lama penyimpanan dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, sedangkan data sanitasi tempat, sanitasi peralatan, dan higiene operator diperoleh melalui observasi menggunakan lembar checklist. Sampel air siap konsumsi sebanyak 1.000 ml diambil secara aseptis dari keran pengisian menggunakan botol steril dan dianalisis di laboratorium terakreditasi menggunakan metode Most Probable Number (MPN) untuk mendeteksi keberadaan Escherichia coli dan total koliform. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda pada tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05.

Hasil: Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa sanitasi peralatan (p=0,005; AOR=30,494; 95% CI: 2,750–338,140), higiene operator (p=0,045; AOR=14,954; 95% CI: 1,065–209,878), dan lama penyimpanan (p=0,039; AOR=18,511; 95% CI: 1,162–294,835) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan cemaran mikroba. Sebaliknya, sanitasi tempat dan sumber air baku tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05).

Simpulan: Cemaran mikroba pada DAMIU secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sanitasi peralatan, higiene operator, dan lama penyimpanan. Upaya peningkatan kontrol sanitasi dan edukasi higiene sangat diperlukan guna menjamin kualitas air minum yang aman bagi masyarakat.

 

ABSTRACT

Title:  Analysis of E. Coli And Total Coliform Microbial Contamination At Refill Drinking Water Depots: Case Study In Pulo Gadung, East Jakarta.

Background: Refill Drinking Water Depots (RDWDs) serve as a primary source of drinking water for the community due to their affordability and accessibility. However, the presence of microbiological contaminants such as Escherichia coli and total coliforms poses a potential health risk to consumers. This study aimed to detect the presence of E. coli and total coliform contamination in RDWDs in Pulo Gadung District, East Jakarta, and to analyze associated risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 61 RDWDs. Operator characteristics, water source, and storage duration were collected via questionnaires, while facility sanitation, equipment sanitation, and operator hygiene were assessed through checklist-based observations. A 1,000 ml sample of ready-to-consume water was aseptically collected from the filling tap using a sterile bottle and analyzed in an accredited laboratory using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method to detect E. coli and total coliforms. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between microbial contamination and equipment sanitation (p=0.005; AOR=30.494; 95% CI: 2.750–338.140), operator hygiene (p=0.045; AOR=14.954; 95% CI: 1.065–209.878), and storage duration (p=0.039; AOR=18.511; 95% CI: 1.162–294.835). In contrast, facility sanitation and water source were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Microbial contamination in RDWDs is significantly influenced by equipment sanitation, operator hygiene, and storage duration. Strengthening sanitation practices and hygiene education is crucial to ensure the safety of refill drinking water.

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Keywords: Escherichia coli; Total Koliform; Air Minum Isi Ulang; Depot Air Minum; Kualitas Mikrobiologi.

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