DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.77215

Identifikasi Kelimpahan Dan Karakteristik Mikroplastik Pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Komunal Kota Denpasar

Program Studi Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana, Bali 80232, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah merupakan jalur kontaminan utama masuknya mikroplastik pada badan air yang berasal dari air limbah bekas cucian, produk kosmetik, dan limbah domestik rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kelimpahan dan karakteristik mikroplastik pada air limbah domestik di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Komunal Kota Denpasar.

Metode: Pengambilan sampel air limbah menggunakan metode composite sampling. Sampel diambil dari 4 (empat) titik lokasi yaitu rumah pompa Kuta, rumah pompa Sanur, saluran Inlet, dan Outlet IPAL. Sampel diambil pada hari Senin, Rabu, Jumat, dan Minggu. Sampel diambil pada pagi, siang, dan sore hari di setiap titik lokasi sampling. Total keseluruhan sampel berjumlah 16 sampel. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan alat water sampler vertical. Karakteristik mikroplastik diidentifikasi berdasarkan jumlah, bentuk, dan warna berdasarkan metode analisis laboratorium dari NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

Hasil: Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi pada hari Minggu sebesar 213 partikel/L, hari Rabu sebesar 168 partikel/L, hari Jumat 152 partikel/L, dan hari Senin sebesar 142 partikel/L. Bentuk mikroplastik yaitu fragmen 51,4%, fiber 34,1%, film 8%, dan foam 6,3%. Warna mikroplastik yaitu transparan 30,6%, coklat 29,6%, merah 16,8%, biru 6%, dan abu-abu 5,7%. Tingkat efektivitas penyisihan mikroplastik pada IPAL Komunal Kota Denpasar sebesar 54,70%.

Simpulan: Kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi terjadi pada hari Minggu. Terdapat 4 bentuk yang ditemukan yaitu fragmen, fiber, film, dan foam. Warna transparan, coklat, merah, biru, abu-abu dan hitam adalah warna yang ditemukan pada setiap titik lokasi sampling. Bentuk fragmen dan warna transparan adalah yang paling mendominasi dengan tingkat efektivitas penyisihan partikel mikroplastik di IPAL Komunal Kota Denpasar yang tergolong belum efektif.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Identification of Microplastic Abundance and Characteristics at the Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Denpasar City

Background: Wastewater Treatment Plants are the main pathway for microplastics entering water bodies from laundry wastewater, cosmetic products, and household waste. This study aims to identify the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in domestic wastewater at the Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Denpasar City.

Method: Wastewater sampling employed the composite sampling method. Samples were collected from four locations: Kuta pump house, Sanur pump house, Inlet channel, and WWTP outlet. Collections occurred on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday. Samples were gathered at different times of day—morning, afternoon, and evening—at each sampling site. The total number of samples was 16. A vertical water sampler was used for collection. Microplastic characteristics were identified based on quantity, shape, and color through laboratory analysis methods from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

Result: The highest average microplastic abundance was on Sunday at 213 particles/L, followed by Wednesday at 168 particles/L, and Friday at 152 particles/L, with the lowest on Monday at 142 particles/L. Microplastic shapes consisted of 51.4% fragments, 34.1% fibers, 8% films, and 6.3% foam. The colors of microplastics were transparent at 30.6%, brown at 29.6%, red at 16.8%, blue at 6%, and gray at 5.7%. The removal efficiency of the Communal WWTP in Denpasar City was 54.70%.

Conclusion: The highest amount of microplastics was found on Sunday. Four shapes were identified: fragments, fibers, film, and foam. At each sampling location, the colors included transparent, brown, red, blue, gray, and black. Fragments and transparent colors were the most common, with the microplastic particle removal effectiveness level at the WWTP still considered ineffective.

 

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Keywords: IInstalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah; Mikroplastik; Efektivitas

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Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
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