DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.77821

Studi Epidemiologi dan Faktor Risiko KLB Leptospirosis pada Penebang Kayu di Mendoyo, Kabupaten Jembrana

1Program Studi Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia

2Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat Dan Kedokteran Pencegahan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar 80114, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Selama periode 2023 hingga 2024 di Kabupaten Jembrana ditemukan lima kasus leptospirosis yang terjadi secara sporadis dengan CFR mencapai 60%. Peningkatan kasus baru teridentifikasi pada kelompok penebang kayu di Mendoyo pada Maret 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran epidemiologis dan faktor risiko kejadian leptospirosis untuk mendukung upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian.

Metode: Studi epidemiologi analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang bertujuan menggambarkan aspek orang, tempat, waktu, serta faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan KLB Leptospirosis di Kecamatan Mendoyo, Kabupaten Jembrana. Populasi penelitian mencakup seluruh penebang kayu di Banjar Sekar Kejula Kelod, dengan sampel sebanyak 20 orang (2 kasus dan 18 individu lain dari kelompok penebang kayu yang bekerja di area dan kondisi paparan yang sama) yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi lingkungan, dan survei vektor, mencakup variabel karakteristik responden, riwayat banjir atau genangan di lingkungan rumah dan tempat kerja, keberadaan tikus di dalam atau sekitar rumah dan tempat kerja, kebiasaan menggunakan APD, serta aktivitas di sungai. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk distribusi kasus menurut orang, tempat, dan waktu, serta uji Fisher-Exact untuk menguji hubungan faktor risiko.

Hasil: Kedua kasus berprofesi sebagai penebang kayu dengan hubungan epidemiologis tempat tinggal dan kerja yang sama serta rentang waktu paparan pada Februari 2025. Hasil survei lingkungan pemukiman dan tempat kerja menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan dikelilingi hutan serta sungai. Survei vektor dilakukan dengan memasang 100 perangkap didapatkan tiga tikus (Rattus tanezumi) di area pemukiman kasus dengan hasil negatif bakteri leptospira. Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian leptospirosis terdiri dari tidak mengggunakan alat pelindung diri saat beraktivitas di lingkungan berisiko (p=0,005), aktivitas di sungai (p=0,032), hygiene buruk (p=0,005), dan riwayat luka (p=0,005). Riwayat banjir dan keberadaan tikus di area sekitar secara stasistik tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian leptospirosis ini.

Simpulan: Penyelidikan epidemiologi mengonfirmasi KLB Leptospirosis di Kecamatan Mendoyo pada pekerja penebang kayu yang memiliki kesamaan lokasi, waktu, dan aktivitas berisiko. Faktor risiko utama meliputi tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri, kontak dengan air sungai, kebersihan diri yang buruk, dan adanya luka terbuka saat bekerja.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Epidemiological and Environmental Study of Leptospirosis Outbreak Among Loggers in Mendoyo, Jembrana Regency

Background: From 2023 to 2024, five cases of leptospirosis occurred sporadically in Jembrana Regency, with CFR reaching 60%. In March 2025, an increase in new cases was identified in the logger group in Mendoyo. This study aims to determine the epidemiological picture and risk factors for leptospirosis to support prevention and control efforts.

Method: This analytical epidemiological study used a cross-sectional design to describe the person, place, time, and risk factors associated with the leptospirosis outbreak in Mendoyo District, Jembrana Regency. The study population included all loggers in Banjar Sekar Kejula Kelod, with a sample of 20 individuals (two cases and 18 other individuals from the logger group working in the same area and with the same exposure conditions) selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, environmental observations, and vector surveys, including respondent characteristics, history of flooding or inundation in the home and workplace, the presence of rats in or around the home and workplace, PPE usage habits, and river activities. Descriptive analysis was conducted to distribute cases by person, place, and time, and the Fisher Exact test was used to examine associations with risk factors.

Result: Both cases were loggers, with epidemiological links in the same residence and workplace, and exposure time span in February 2025. Surveys of the residential and workplace environments indicated that the area was surrounded by forests and rivers. A vector survey using 100 traps yielded three rats (Rattus tanezumi) in the residential area, which tested negative for leptospira bacteria. Risk factors influencing the incidence of leptospirosis included failure to use personal protective equipment (PPE) when working in risky environments (p=0.005), activities near rivers (p=0.032), poor hygiene (p=0.005), and a history of injuries (p=0.005). A history of flooding and the presence of rats in the surrounding area did not statistically influence the incidence of leptospirosis.

Conclusion: Epidemiological investigations confirmed a leptospirosis outbreak in Mendoyo District among loggers who shared the same location, time, and risky activities. The main risk factors include not using personal protective equipment, contact with river water, poor personal hygiene, and the presence of open wounds during work.

 

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Keywords: Leptospirosis; Zoonosis; Epidemiologi; Faktor risiko; Lingkungan

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