DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.81048

Pengaruh Kombinasi Induksi Bacillus cereus RTKS dan Pupuk Kompos dalam Fitoremediasi Cemaran Merkuri oleh Ageratum conyzoides L.

Departemen Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Aktivitas penambangan emas rakyat di Desa Paningkaban, Kabupaten Banyumas, pada area prospektif ±16.000 ha dengan sedikitnya 94 lubang tambang dan >1.500 penambang masih menggunakan metode amalgamasi yang menghasilkan tailing mengandung merkuri (Hg) dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Fitoremediasi menggunakan tanaman bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) yang toleran terhadap Hg berpeluang menjadi solusi ramah lingkungan, namun efektivitasnya perlu ditingkatkan melalui penambahan pupuk kompos dan bakteri toleran logam Bacillus cereus RTKS. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan Ageratum conyzoides L. dalam meremediasi Hg pada tanah tailing pertambangan emas Desa Paningkaban dengan kombinasi pupuk kompos dan induksi Bacillus cereus RTKS.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang dilakukan pada Mei–Agustus 2025. Perlakuan berupa media tanah tailing tanpa dan dengan penambahan kompos (1:1) disertai induksi bakteri, dengan pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman selama 9 minggu. Data konsentrasi merkuri (Hg) pada media tanam dan jaringan tanaman dianalisis deskriptif dengan TF dan BCF serta pertumbuhan tanaman dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA).

Hasil: Nilai BCF berkisar 0,01–0,2 dan TF <1, yang mengindikasikan bahwa Ageratum conyzoides L. berperan sebagai tanaman akumulator rendah dengan mekanisme fitostabilisasi. Analisis ANOVA (α = 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun (p>0,05), namun berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah bunga (p<0,05), yang mengindikasikan bahwa merkuri lebih memengaruhi fase generatif dibandingkan vegetatif tanaman.

Simpulan: Tanaman bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) mampu meremediasi merkuri pada tanah tailing emas melalui mekanisme fitostabilisasi sebagai tanaman akumulator rendah, ditunjukkan oleh penurunan Hg tanah, akumulasi pada akar, nilai BCF 0,01–0,1, dan TF <1. Penambahan kompos dan induksi Bacillus cereus RTKS tidak meningkatkan efektivitas secara signifikan.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Effect of Bacillus cereus RTKS Induction and Compost Fertilizer Combination in Phytoremediation of Mercury Contamination with Ageratum conyzoides L.

Background: Artisanal gold mining in Paningkaban Village, Banyumas Regency, covers a prospective area of approximately 16,000 ha with at least 94 mining pits and more than 1,500 miners, and still relies on amalgamation methods that generate mercury-containing tailings and pose serious environmental risks. Phytoremediation using bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.), a plant tolerant to mercury, offers an environmentally friendly approach, although its effectiveness may be enhanced through the addition of compost and the induction of the metal-tolerant bacterium Bacillus cereus RTKS. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Ageratum conyzoides L. to remediate mercury (Hg) in gold-mining tailings from Paningkaban using compost amendment and Bacillus cereus RTKS induction.

Method: This experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design and was conducted from May to August 2025. Treatments consisted of tailings soil with and without compost addition (1:1) combined with bacterial induction, and plant growth was observed for nine weeks. Mercury concentrations in the growth media and plant tissues were analyzed descriptively using bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF), while plant growth parameters were analyzed statistically using ANOVA.

Result: BCF values ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 and TF values were <1, indicating that A. conyzoides L. functions as a low accumulator through a phytostabilization mechanism. ANOVA (α = 0.05) showed no significant effects of treatments on plant height and leaf number (p > 0.05), but a significant effect on flower number (p < 0.05), suggesting that mercury more strongly affects the generative phase than the vegetative phase.

Conclusion: Ageratum conyzoides L. is capable of remediating mercury in gold-mining tailings through phytostabilization as a low-accumulator plant, as indicated by reduced soil Hg, root accumulation, BCF values of 0.01–0.1, and TF <1. Compost addition and B. cereus RTKS induction did not significantly enhance remediation effectiveness.

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Keywords: Fitoremediasi; Rhizobakteri; Pupuk Kompos; Merkuri

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