DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.86527

Kualitas Lingkungan Dalam Ruangan dan Prevalensi Keluhan Sick Building Syndrome pada Karyawan Kantor Ber AC di PT X Kabupaten Semarang

1Program Studi Magister Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro , Indonesia

2Bagian Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro , Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Kualitas lingkungan dalam ruangan mencakup kondisi fisik, kimia, dan biologi yang dapat berkaitan dengan keluhan Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan keluhan SBS dan mengeksplorasi hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan pada karyawan kantor ber-AC di PT X Kabupaten Semarang.

Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada Januari–Februari 2026 terhadap 116 karyawan dari 21 ruangan menggunakan total sampling pada populasi yang memenuhi kriteria. Keluhan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara; klasifikasi SBS menggunakan ambang ≥3 gejala dan bukan diagnosis klinis. Parameter lingkungan diukur pada tingkat ruangan selama satu jam pukul 10.00–11.00. Analisis mencakup statistik deskriptif, uji chi-square, dan regresi logistik ganda eksploratif. Inferensi statistik belum memperhitungkan pengelompokan karyawan dalam ruangan.

Hasil: Sebanyak 42 dari 116 karyawan (36,2%) memenuhi klasifikasi keluhan SBS. Keluhan terbanyak adalah pegal atau kaku otot, yaitu 65 pelaporan, dan sakit kepala, yaitu 62 pelaporan. Pada kategori CO yang digunakan, proporsi SBS adalah 35/84 (41,7%) pada kelompok memenuhi dan 7/32 (21,9%) pada kelompok tidak memenuhi (PR memenuhi dibandingkan tidak memenuhi=1,905; IK 95%: 0,944–3,843). Untuk CO₂, proporsinya masing-masing 5/29 (17,2%) dan 37/87 (42,5%) (PR=0,405; IK 95%: 0,176–0,933). Estimasi ini belum disesuaikan terhadap klaster ruangan.

Simpulan: Lebih dari sepertiga karyawan memenuhi klasifikasi keluhan SBS. Perbedaan proporsi menurut kategori CO dan CO₂ merupakan temuan eksploratif yang belum membuktikan hubungan kausal. Penilaian asosiasi memerlukan validasi kategori pajanan dan analisis yang mempertimbangkan pengelompokan ruangan. Pengelolaan lingkungan kerja perlu didasarkan pada pengukuran dan penilaian teknis yang terverifikasi.

ABSTRACT

Tittle: Indoor Environmental Quality and Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome Complaints among Air Conditioned Office Employees at PT X Semarang Regency

Background: Indoor environmental quality includes physical, chemical, and biological conditions that may be associated with sick building syndrome (SBS) complaints. This study aimed to describe SBS complaints and explore their associations with environmental parameters among air-conditioned office employees at PT X, Semarang Regency.

Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in January–February 2026 among 116 employees in 21 rooms, using total sampling of the eligible population. Complaints were collected through interviews; the SBS classification used a threshold of ≥3 symptoms and did not constitute a clinical diagnosis. Environmental parameters were measured at room level for one hour between 10:00 and 11:00. Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and exploratory multiple logistic regression. Statistical inference did not account for employees clustered within rooms.

Results: Forty-two of 116 employees (36.2%) met the SBS complaint classification. Muscle aches or stiffness (65 reports) and headaches (62 reports) were the most frequently reported complaints. Under the CO categories used, SBS proportions were 35/84 (41.7%) in the compliant group and 7/32 (21.9%) in the noncompliant group (PR for compliant versus noncompliant=1.905; 95% CI: 0.944–3.843). For CO₂, the corresponding proportions were 5/29 (17.2%) and 37/87 (42.5%) (PR=0.405; 95% CI: 0.176–0.933). These estimates were not adjusted for room clustering.

Conclusion: More than one-third of employees met the SBS complaint classification. Differences in proportions by CO and CO₂ category are exploratory findings that do not establish causation. Assessment of these associations requires validation of exposure categories and analyses accounting for room clustering. Workplace environmental management should be based on verified measurements and technical assessments.

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Keywords: Kualitas udara dalam ruangan; Sick Building Syndrome; Karyawan

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Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
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