DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v22i3.75830

Identification of Passenger Ship Accident Risk Management with Hazard and Operational Analyssis (HAZOP) Approach Riviewed From A Human Resources Perspevtive

*Anak Agung Istri Sri Wahyuni  -  POLITEKNIK PELAYARAN SURABAYA, Indonesia
Muhamad Imam Firdaus  -  POLITEKNIK PELAYARAN SURABAYA, Indonesia
Eka Wahyu Ardhi  -  Universitas Strath, United Kingdom
Received: 10 Jul 2025; Published: 18 Nov 2025.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Passenger ship accidents are complex events that often stem from multifactorial causes, with human error, technical deficiencies, and environmental conditions playing critical roles. Between 2018 and 2022, Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT) recorded 108 ship accidents, including 29 ro-ro passenger ships and 19 conventional passenger vessels. This study applies the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) methodology to analyze risk factors leading to passenger ship accidents, particularly from a human resource (HR) perspective. Using both primary data (interviews and surveys with crew members) and secondary data (accident reports and maritime literature), the study identifies significant risks including improper use of LPG stoves, unsafe cargo storage, malfunctioning fire detection systems, crew fatigue due to high workloads, and vessel overloading. Results highlight the importance of improving safety training, maintenance practices, and HR management. The findings contribute to enhancing risk awareness and safety strategies among stakeholders in the Indonesian maritime sector.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext |  Research Results
Identification of Passenger Ship Accident Risk Management Using the Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) Approach from a Human Resources Perspective
Subject
Type Research Results
  Download (4MB)    Indexing metadata

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Slamming Probability and Impact to Speedboats Hull Based on Seakeeping Motion Structural design analysis of sandwich panels under axial compression load: Utilization of geometry and material variations Finite Element Analysis to Determine the Optimum Stiffener Spacing on Barge Deck with 5-15-5 Sandwich Plates More recent articles
Most cited articles
ANALISA GERAKAN SEAKEEPING KAPAL PADA GELOMBANG REGULER PENGELASAN PLAT KAPAL MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR GAS ANALISIS KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN LAS SMAW ( SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING ) PADA MARINE PLATE ST 42 AKIBAT FAKTOR CACAT POROSITAS DAN INCOMPLETE PENETRATION PERANCANGAN FLOATING DOCK UNTUK DAERAH PERAIRAN PELABUHAN KOTA TEGAL ANALISA TEKNIS KEKUATAN MEKANIS MATERIAL KOMPOSIT BERPENGUAT SERAT AMPAS TEBU (BAGGASE) DITINJAU DARI KEKUATAN TARIK DAN IMPAK More cited articles
  1. N, N. P., Basuki, M., & S, P. I. (20221). K3 risk assessment on the Ketapang-Gili Manuk crossing uses BOW-TIE Risk Assessment. Earth and Marine Technology Seminar (SEMITAN III), 3(1), 237–243
  2. Rahman, H., Satria, A., Iskandar, B. H., & Soeboer, D. A. (2017). Determination of the Dominant Factor Cause of Ship Accidents in Tanjung Priok. Albacore, I(3), 277–284
  3. Putraman, D. C. S., Artana, K. B., & Pitana, T. (2019). Analysis of Human Error as the Cause of Ship Collision Accidents in the Port Area of Tanjung Perak Surabaya using the HFACS and AHP Methods. National Marine Seminar XIV, 58–67
  4. Priyohadi, N. D., & Achmadiansyah, A. (2021). The Relationship between K3 Management Factors and Unsafe Action in Workers of PT Pelabuhan Penajam Banua Taka. Baruna Horizon Journal, 4(1), 1–13
  5. Sahara, S., & Alfian, R. (2023). Analysis of Shipping Safety Improvement Against Ship Accidents by the Office of Municipal Affairs and Port Authority (KSOP). INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 13028–13037
  6. National Committee for Transportation Safety. (2022). KNKT 2022 transportation accident investigation statistics book
  7. Badri, A.-F. B. A., Wahyuni, A. A. I. S., Susanto, N., & Fatimah, S. (2024). The application of personal protective equipment during lifting on the platform to minimize work accidents on SV ships. FIONA 38. Journal of Patria Bahari, 4(1), 7–16
  8. Kendek, M., Iskandar, I., Satria, I. D., & Bayuntara, A. W. (2023). A Case Study Analysis of the Results of the Investigation of the National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT) into the Cause of Ship Collisions in Indonesia Waters. JPB : Journal of Patria Bahari, 2(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.54017/jpb.v2i2.60
  9. Zahroh, D. A. S. (2023). Analysis of Human Error as an Effort to Prevent Accidents in the Maritime Field: Literature Review. Journal of Scholarly Service, 2(3), 317–324
  10. Minarto, D., & Santoso, K. T. (2023). Development of a maritime weather monitoring and prediction system to improve navigation safety. SAMMAJIVA: Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(4), 231–238
  11. International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2018). Guidelines on Human Element Training and Watchkeeping (Model Course 7.01)
  12. Surbakti, A. G., Kamil, A. S., Ginting, B. B., & Darma, Y. Y. E. (2023). Concept design of passenger ships to reduce the number of ship accidents in Lake Toba. Journal of Maritime Technology, 6(2), 28–33
  13. Supangat, S. (2024). The role of ship management and communication in improving safety and operations at the port. JESYA: Journal of Sharia Economics & Economics, 7(1), 322–328. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v7i1.1457
  14. Setiawan, A., Noor, M. A. S., Trisanto, A., John, G. F., Romania, D. D., Emilliano, Wibawa, B. M., Rohadi, N., & Turnip, A. (2024). Pilot Anxiety Detection through Brain Signal Using Naïve Bayes Method. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Mechatronics Systems (AIMS), Bandung, Indonesia, 2024, 1–6. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1109/AIMS61812.2024.10513237
  15. Urrohmah, D. S., & Riandadari, D. (2019). Hazard Identification with the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (Hirarc) Method in an Effort to Reduce the Risk of Work Accidents at PT. PAL Indonesia. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, 8(1), 34–35
  16. Sahara, S., & Rizky, N. F. (2023). Priok, The Effect of the Ship and Cargo Service Request Process (PPKB) on the Docking Time at PT. Port of Indonesia (Persero) Tanjung. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume, 3(6), 1970–1979. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442682795-011
  17. Wanuri, B. D., Satriyo, G., Khoiruman, M. A., & Komanireng, J. (2023). Procedures for Issuing Online-Based Seafarer Books at the Office of Municipal Affairs and the Tanjung Wangi Port Authority. DISCOVERY: Journal of Maritime and Transportation, 5(2), 82–90
  18. Siregar, Z. M., Panjaitan, H., & University, W. S. W. (2023). Responsibility of the Captain in Sea Transportation for Ship Accidents in Indonesia. Journal Syntax Idea, 5(12), 2700–2717. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558907/
  19. Andrew Pradana Putra, Mey Krisselni Sitompul, Tri Mardalena, & Romadani. (2022). Analysis of the Relationship between Sea Transportation and Teluk Dalam's Cargo Port to Support the Economic Activities of the Penyalai Community, Kuala Kampar District, Riau Province. Jalasena Journal, 3(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.51742/jalasena.v3i2.54
  20. Fitriani, R., Fashandika, E., Putra, E., Nailah, H., & Permana, R. (2024). The Effect of Regular Ship Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction at Bakauheni Port. Bisman (business and management): The Journal of Business and Managemt, 7(2), 315–329
  21. Jamil, J., Mallapiang, F., & Multazam, A. M. (2023). Analysis of Unsafe Action and Unsafe Condition with Work Accidents on the Crew of the Bira-Pamatata Ferry Ship. Journal of Muslim Community Health (JMCH) 2023, 4(1), 251–264. https://doi.org/10.52103/jmch.v4i1.1285JournalHomepage:https://pasca-umi.ac.id/index.php/jmch
  22. Murti, R. L., Yuda, A. A. N. A. D. P., Rahmawati, M., & Mustamin. (2024). Analysis of the collision between the ABM Iljin ship and the conveyor room during the shifting berthing activity at the Celukan Bawang PLTU port. Scientific Journal of Science and Technology, 2(8), 282–304
  23. Nurdiansyah, A., Rahmawati, M., Purwitasari, D., & Nofandi, F. (2024). Hazard Identification in Bunker Service Activities at the Office of Municipal Affairs and Port Authority Class III of the Surabaya Shipping Polytechnic, Indonesia. Sinar Dunia: Journal of Social Research Humanities and Educational Sciences, 3(3), 191–220
  24. Khamid, A., Mulyadi, Y., & Mukhtasor, M. (2018). Occupational Safety and Health Risk Analysis (K3) on Work Accidents and the Environment Using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) Method in the Ship Scrapping Process in Bangkalan Madura. ITS Engineering Journal, 7(2), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v7i2.33216
  25. Puadah, J., Hasugian, S., & Haryanto, D. (2021). Risk Analysis of Activities on Board Using the Hazop Analysis Method at KMP. Athaya. Journal of Maritime Science, 22(1), 63–74
  26. Pambayun, F. D., Rahmawati, M., & Purwitasari, D. (2024). Analysis of Work Accident Risk Management in the Ship Docking Process at Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya. Journal of the Star of Education Indonesia, 2(4), 264–288
  27. Widyasto, L. A., Sarwito, S., & Zaman, B. (2015). Human Error Analysis of Ship Accidents in Data-Based Electrical Systems on Ships. ITS Engineering Journal, 4(1), G10–G14
  28. Hariyanti, R., Kristini, F., Wahyuni, O., Sari, D. K., & Meliana, D. (2024). Efforts to Reduce Risks in Shipping Dangerous Cargo. National Seminar on Transportation and Safety, 1(1), 334–347
  29. Widodo, B. L. H., Wahyuni, E. T., & Luhur, M. A. (2023). Dangerous Goods Loading Management for the Safety of Cargo Ships and Crews. Polymarine Maritime Journal, 9(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.52492/jmp.v9i1.101
  30. Eva Susanti, & Citra Kurnia Dewi. (2023). Optimizing the Readiness for the Use of Permanent Fire Extinguishers at KM Bukit Siguntang. Venus Journal, 11(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.48192/vns.v11i1.692
  31. Siregar, R. H., Kurniawan, D., Nurmala, E., Sultan, & Saifudin, I. (2024). Decreased Function of Smoke Detector Performance on board MV Ship. Sarah S. Multidisciplinary Journal of Scientific Research, 1(2), 23–30
  32. Sutantyo, E., & Susanti, S. (2022). The Role of Fire Detection Equipment in Supporting Safety on MT Ships. Mabrouk. Polymarine Maritime Journal, 8(1), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.52492/jmp.v8i1.53
  33. Hitalessy, J. O., Rochyana, M. F., Hidayat, A., & Hidayat, I. (2021). Factors Causing Work Accidents When Welding on a Ship. Journal of Transportation and Logistics Business Management, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.54324/j.mbtl.v6i3.583
  34. Suryani, D., Hendrawan, A., Pramono, S., & Hendrawan, A. K. (2023). Welding Safety on the Kalimantan Jaya Karya Ship at PT. Samudra Fishing Industry Cilacap. Marine Science and Technology Journal, 3(2), 32–38. https://e-journal.ivet.ac.id/index.php/maristec/article/download/2472/1824
  35. Bakhtiar, D., & Sulaksmono, M. (2013). Risk Assessment on Confined Space Welding Work in the Ship Building Section of PT Dok and Surabaya Shipping. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2(1), 52–60
  36. Marwiyah Nst, M., Sutria, Y., & Taruna, T. (2023). Ship Electrical Safety System in Belawan. Journal of Maritime and Education (JME), 5(1), 456–461. https://doi.org/10.54196/jme.v5i1.100
  37. Ma'ruf, Amalia Azahra, S., Rammadhani, F. S., Prihadi, A. B., Danuarta, V. Y., & Hasanah, A. (2024). Analysis of Causative Factors and Strategies to Prevent Fishing Boat Fires at Nizam Zachman Fishing Port. Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 5776–5788
  38. Liolita, S., Amiruddin, W., & Iqbal, M. (2019). Analysis of Seaworthiness of KM Passenger Ships. Nusantara 76 in overload conditions. Ship: Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 16(2), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v16i2.23361
  39. Manullang, S., Irvana, R., Buwono, A., & Patanda, M. (2023). Analysis of the effect of placing solar panels on the deck house of a 30 GT fishing boat on the operational safety of fishing. Journal of Capture Fisheries Science and Technology, 8(1), 39–46
  40. Yahya, S. (2022). Identification of Critical Risk of Sinking Ship Accidents (Case Study: accidents in Indonesia's sea waters and Indonesia-flagged ships). Proceedings of the 6th National Seminar on Research & Community Service 2022, 34–39

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-11-18 14:48:41

No citation recorded.