skip to main content

The Effect of Dhikr Therapy on the Cardiac Chest Pain of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Patients

*Destiya Dwi Pangestika  -  Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
Yanny Trisyani  -  Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Aan Nuraeni  -  Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2020 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Cardiac chest pain is a typical complaint experienced by patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Emergency Departments (EDs). Pharmacological therapy is one major intervention used to reduce cardiac chest pain due to ACS. However, this therapy does not optimally and completely reduce cardiac chest pain; therefore, additional therapy is greatly required.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of Dhikr therapy as one of the additional therapies for the cardiac chest pain experienced by patients with ACS in EDs.

Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted using a pretest-posttest control group design. As many as 52 patients with ACS were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique and then equally divided to the intervention and control group. The intervention group received both pharmacological and Dhikr therapy approximately for 17 minutes, while the control group only received the pharmacological therapy based on the hospital’s protocol. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to measure the intensity of cardiac chest pain, and both paired and independent t-tests were utilized to analyze the data.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in pain reduction in both groups (p=0.000), although the decrease in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group. Furthermore, the pain reduction was significantly different between groups (p=0.021)

Conclusion: Dhikr combined with the pharmacological therapy reduced the intensity of cardiac chest pain in ACS patients better than the use of pharmacological therapy alone. Therefore, this study recommends the combination of pharmacological and Dhikr therapy for patients with ACS.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; cardiac chest pain; Emergency Department (EDs)

Article Metrics:

  1. Abu Ruz, M. E., Lennie, T. A., Riegel, B., McKinley, S., Doering, L. V., & Moser, D. K. (2010). Evidence that the brief symptom inventory can be used to measure anxiety quickly and reliably in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 25(2), 117–123. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e3181b56626
  2. Abuatiq, A. (2015). Spiritual Care for Critical Care Patients. International Journal of Nursing and Clinical Practice, 2, 128. doi: 10.15344/2394-4978/2015/128
  3. AbuRuz, M. E. (2018). Persistent anxiety and in-hospital complications after acute coronary syndrome. International Journal of Health Sciences, 12(2). Retrieved from https://ijhs.org.sa/index.php/journal/article/view/2380
  4. Alghadir, A. H., Anwer, S., Iqbal, A., & Iqbal, Z. A. (2018). Test–retest reliability, validity, and minimum detectable change of visual analog, numerical rating, and verbal rating scales for measurement of osteoarthritic knee pain. Journal of Pain Research, 11, 851–856. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S158847
  5. Association of Indonesian Cardiovascular Specialists. (2018). Pedoman tatalaksana sindrom koroner akut [The guideline of acute coronary syndrome] (4th ed.). Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia. Accessed on July 31, 2020. Retrieved from http://www.inaheart.org/guidelines/page/8
  6. Beiranvand, S., Noparast, M., Eslamizade, N., Saeedikia, S. (2014). The effects of religion and spirituality on postoperative pain, hemodynamics functioning and anxiety after cesarean section. Acta Medica Iranica, 52(12), 909-915. Retrieved from https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4507
  7. Boden, W. E., Padala, S. K., Cabral, K. P., Buschmann, I. R., & Sidhu, M. S. (2015). Role of short-acting nitroglycerin in the management of ischemic heart disease. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 9, 4793–4805. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S79116
  8. Chan, M. Y., Du, X., Eccleston, D., Ma, C., Mohanan, P. P., Ogita, M., ..., Jeong, Y.H. (2016). Acute coronary syndrome in the Asia-Pacific region. International Journal of Cardiology, 202, 861–869. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.073
  9. Dai, X., Busby-Whitehead, J., ALexander, K. P. (2016). Acute coronary syndrome in the older adults. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 13, 101-108. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.02.012
  10. DeJongh, B., Birkeland, K., & Brenner, M. (2015). Managing comorbidities in patients with chronic heart failure: First, do no harm. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, 15(3), 171–184. doi: 10.1007/s40256-015-0115-6
  11. Ferreira-Valente, M. A., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Jensen, M. P. (2011). Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain, 152(10), 2399–2404. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.07.005
  12. Gale, C. P., Cattle, B. A., Woolston, A., Baxter, P. D., West, T. H., Simms, A. D., ... & West, R. M. (2012). Resolving inequalities in care? Reduced mortality in the elderly after acute coronary syndromes. The Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project 2003-2010. European Heart Journal, 33(5), 630–639. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr381
  13. Haryani, A., Arifudin, A., & Nurhayati, N. (2015). Prayer and dhikr as spiritual-related interventions for reducing post-surgery pain intensity in moslem patients. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, S30–S35. doi: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20151517
  14. Herawati, T., Keliat, B. A., & Waluyo, A. (2019). Perceptions of self-care readiness among STEMI patients following primary PCI. Enfermería Clínica, 29, 820–825. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.123
  15. Kim, Y., Soffler, M., Paradise, S., Naftilan, M., Jelani, Q.U.A., Dziura, J., ..., Safdar, B. (2016). Depression and anxiety are associated with high rates of recurrent chest pain. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 67(13), 581. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(16)30582-4
  16. Malik, M. A., Khan, S. A., Safdar, S., & Taseer, I.U.H. (2013). Chest pain as a presenting complaint in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 29(2). doi: 10.12669/pjms.292.2921
  17. McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (2010). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children. Canada: Mosby Elsevier
  18. Mccarthy, C. P., Mullins, K. V., Sidhu, S. S., Schulman, S. P., & Mcevoy, J. W. (2016). The on- and off-target effects of morphine in acute coronary syndrome: A narrative review. American Heart Journal, 176, 114–121. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.04.004
  19. Meneghetti, C. C., Guidolin, B. L., Zimmermann, P. R., & Sfoggia, A. (2017). Screening for symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients admitted to a university hospital with acute coronary syndrome. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39(1), 12–18. doi: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0004
  20. Ministry of Health the Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Pusat data dan informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI: Situasi kesehatan jantung [Data and information center health of Ministry Republic of Indonesia: Heart health situation]. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Accessed on June 24, 2020. Retrieved from https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/folder/view/01/structure-publikasi-pusdatin-info-datin.html
  21. Nasiri, M., Fayazi, S., Ghaderi, M., Naseri, M., & Adarvishi, S. (2014). The effect of reciting the word “Allah” on pain severity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study in Iran. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 4(5). doi: 10.5812/aapm.23149
  22. O’Donnell, A., & Glasgow, B. (2011). The autonomic nervous system. The New Zealand Medical Student Journal, 13, 11-13. Retrieved from http://www.nzmsj.com
  23. O’Keefe-McCarthy, S., McGillion, M., J. Victor, C., Rizza, S., & McFetridge-Durdle, J. (2017). Nociceptive and neuropathic pain qualities in men and women with acute coronary syndromes: A complex pain presentation. Open Journal of Nursing, 7(3), 331–344. doi: 10.4236/ojn.2017.73027
  24. Roth, G. A., Johnson, C., Abajobir, A., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S.F., Abyu, G., ..., Murray, C. (2017). Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(1), 1–25. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052
  25. Smeltzer, S.C., Bare, B.G., Hinkle, J.L., & Cheever, K.H. (Eds.). (2010). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  26. Sukarni, S., Mardiyono, M., & Parwati, M. D. W. (2014). 4T zikr in anxiety reduction in acute coronary syndrome patients. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan, 3(2), 567–575. doi: 10.31983/jrk.v3i2.225
  27. Sulistyawati, R., Probosuseno, & Setiyarini, S. (2019). Dhikr therapy for reducing anxiety in cancer patients. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 6(4), 411. doi: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_33_19
  28. Wahyuni, S., Soejoenoes, A., Putra, S. T., & Syukur, M. A. (2018). Spiritual dhikr reduces stress and depression symptom on primigravidas. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 12(3), 1368-1371. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329865147_Spiritual_dhikr_reduces_stress_and_depression_symptom_on_primigravidas/link/5c898f1945851564fadc8e60/download
  29. Wick, J. Y. (2016). Benefits of morphine for myocardial infarction treatment. June 23,2016. Retrieved from https://www.pharmacytimes.com/news/benefits-of-morphine-for-myocardial-infarction-treatment

Last update:

  1. Effect of Combining Dhikr and Prayer Therapy on Pain and Vital Signs in Appendectomy Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study

    Arif Imam Hidayat, Iwan Purnawan, Wahyudi Mulyaningrat, Saryono Saryono, Adiratna Sekar Siwi, Yohanes Andy Rias, Ferry Efendi. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 42 (1), 2024. doi: 10.1177/08980101231180051

Last update: 2024-11-02 13:14:39

No citation recorded.