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Supporting Maternal Role Attainment in Women with High-Risk Pregnancy After Infertility Through the Integration of King’s Goal Attainment and Mercer’s Becoming a Mother Theories: A Case Series

*Ika Parmawati orcid scopus  -  Departement of Child and Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, Indonesia
Yati Afiyanti  -  Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Imami Nur Rachmawati  -  Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Background: Women with high-risk pregnancies following infertility are vulnerable to anxiety, which may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes and impaired prenatal attachment. While previous studies have examined anxiety in infertility or high-risk pregnancy separately, limited evidence exists on theory-based nursing interventions that integrate both conditions to support maternal role attainment. This study addresses this gap by applying an integrated nursing model based on King’s Goal Attainment Theory and Mercer’s Becoming a Mother Theory.

Purpose: To describe how King’s Goal Attainment Theory and Mercer’s Becoming a Mother Theory are operationalized within the nursing care process to support maternal role attainment in women with high-risk pregnancies following infertility.

Methods: This case series applied Goal Attainment Theory and Becoming a Mother Theory in the nursing care of five women. A seven-day intervention was provided to support encoding into long-term memory. Participants were pregnant women with a history of infertility who achieved natural conception and presented with high-risk conditions. Goal Attainment Theory facilitated interactive communication to achieve mutual goals, while Becoming a Mother Theory guided support for maternal role attainment.

Results: Participants demonstrated adequate knowledge and strong commitment to pregnancy care but experienced psychosocial challenges, suboptimal prenatal attachment, and limited preparation for childbearing. Theory-based nursing care grounded in King’s Goal Attainment Theory and Mercer’s Becoming a Mother framework actively engaged clients in problem identification, goal setting, and collaborative care planning, thereby enhancing understanding of health conditions, reducing anxiety, strengthening commitment to prenatal care, and improving prenatal attachment across cases.

Conclusion: Clients’ participation supports maternal adaptation and role attainment during pregnancy. Integrating Goal Attainment and Becoming a Mother Theory offers a practical and person-centered framework for women with high-risk pregnancies following infertility. The findings emphasize the importance of shared goal-setting and interactive communication. Further research with a larger sample is needed to confirm broader applicability.

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Keywords: Becoming A Mother; Goal Attainment; High-risk pregnancy; Infertility

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