Kadar Debu Terhirup dan Gangguan Fungsi Paru pada Masyarakat di sekitar Stasiun Tawang Semarang

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Transportasi berperan penting terjadinya pencemaran udara baik dalam bentuk gas atau partikel seperti debu. Stasiun Tawang merupakan stasiun induk yang ramai dikunjungi. Berdasarkan pengukuran kadar debu, didapatkan kadar debu total di kawasan Stasiun Tawang sebesar 441,16 µg/Nm³. Debu dapat mengganggu fungsi paru pada masyarakat yang beraktivitas di area tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar debu terhirup dengan gangguan fungsi paru pada masyarakat di sekitar Stasiun Tawang Semarang

Metode: Jenis penelitian menggunakan analitik observasional dengan desain studi cross sectional. Populasi penelitian sejumlah 83 orang yang beraktivitas setiap hari di Stasiun Tawang yaitu pedagang tetap, pedagang kaki lima, petugas rel, petugas kebersihan, satpam, dan petugas parkir dengan jumlah sampel 45 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dimana pengambilan sampel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yaitu bersedia menjadi responden, berusia produktif, dan durasi kerja ≥8 jam/hari. Kadar debu terhirup diukur menggunakan alat Personal Dust Sampler selama 1 jam, gangguan fungsi paru diukur menggunakan alat spirometer. Variabel dependen adalah gangguan fungsi paru pada masyarakat di Stasiun Tawang dan variabel independen adalah paparan debu terhirup, umur, jenis kelamin, status gizi, masa kerja, durasi paparan, dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri dengan variabel pengganggu adalah kebiasaan merokok. Analisis statistik penelitian ini menggunakan uji Chi square α=0,05.

Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukan 18 orang (40%) terpapar debu terhirup di atas NAB. Pemeriksaan fungsi paru menunjukan 44,4% orang mengalami gangguan. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kadar debu terhirup (p-value = 0.001), jenis kelamin (p-value = 0.049), umur (p-value = 0.013), masa kerja (p-value = 0.027), penggunaan alat pelindung diri (p-value = 0.029) dengan gangguan fungsi paru pada masyarakat di sekitar Stasiun Tawang Semarang.

Simpulan : Kadar debu terhirup merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru pada masyarakat di sekitar Stasiun Tawang Semarang.

Kata kunci: Transportasi, debu, paru, masyarakat, Stasiun

ABSTRACT

Title: Inhaled Dust Levels and Impaired Lung Function in Communities around Tawang Station Semarang

Background: Transportation plays important of role in air pollution in form of gas and particle such as dust. Tawang Station is a main station that is highly visited. Based on the measurement of dust in the ambient are 441.16 μg/Nm3. Dust can influence the pulmonary function people in the area. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of inhaled dust and disorder lung function of the people who activited at Tawang Station, Semarang.

Method: Type of research used observational analytic and cross sectional study design. Population of the research amount 83 people who activited at Tawang Station are permanent traders, street vendors, rail officers, janitors, security,and parking officers with a total sample are 45 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling where sampling based on inclusion criteria that is willing to be a respondent, productive age, and duration of work ≥8 hours/day. Inhaled dust levels tested using the Personal Dust Sampler for 1 hour and lung vital capacity used a spirometer. The dependent variable impaired pulmonary function at Tawang Station, the independent variable was inhaled dust, age, sex, nutritional status, years of service, duration of exposure, and use of personal protective equipment and the confounding variable is smoking habit. Statistical analysis used the Chi square test α=0,05.

Result: The results that 18 people (40%) had inhaled dust levels the threshold limit values and the disorders lung function are 44.4%. There a correlation between the level of inhaled dust (p-value = 0,001), sex (p-value = 0.049), age (p-value = 0.013), years of service (p-value = 0.027), use of personal protective equipment (p-value = 0.029) and disorders lung function of the people who activited in Tawang Station Semarang

Conclusion: Inhaled dust is a risk factor around Semarang Tawang Station.

Keywords: transportation, dust, lung, community, station