Determinan Perilaku Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Ibu Usia Remaja di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Genuk Kota Semarang

Abstract

Latar belakang: ASI adalah makanan terbaik bagi bayi usia 0-6 bulan. Ibu usia remaja diketahui memiliki angka cakupan ASI eksklusif yang rendah. Capaian ASI eksklusif di Kecamatan Genuk pada tahun 2018 hanya sebesar 39,61%, sehingga masih di bawah target nasional yaitu 50%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada ibu usia remaja di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Genuk.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu usia remaja (15-21 tahun) yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Penghitungan sampel menggunakan Rumus Slovin didapatkan sebanyak 60 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan google form yang disebarkan melalui pesan singkat Whatsapp ibu usia remaja dan kuesioner dibagikan secara langsung kepada ibu usia remaja.

Hasil: Analisis menunjukkan sebanyak 36,7% responden telah memberikan ASI eksklusif. Terdapat hubungan antara keikutsertaan kelas ibu hamil (p-value = 0,010), keikutsertaan kelas ibu balita (p-value = 0,002), persepsi (p-value = 0,000), motivasi (p-value = 0,000), pengetahuan (p-value = 0,002), sikap (p-value = 0,000), dan dukungan suami (p-value= 0,005) terhadap perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif pada ibu usia remaja.

Simpulan: Hasil uji chi square dan fisher exact menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara keikutsertaan kelas ibu hamil, keikutsertaan kelas ibu balita, persepsi, motivasi, pengetahuan, sikap, dan dukungan suami. Tidak ada hubungan antara usia, pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pendapatan keluarga, paritas, status kehamilan, dukungan keluarga, dukungan petugas kesehatan, dan akses informasi.

Kata kunci: Ibu Usia Remaja, Menyusui, ASI Eksklusif

ABSTRACT

Title: Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Behavior in Adolescent Mothers in the Work Area of the Genuk Public Health Center, Semarang City

Background: Breast milk is the best food for babies aged 0-6 months. Adolescent mothers are known to have low rates of exclusive breastfeeding. The achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Genuk sub-district in 2018 was only 39.61%, so it is still below the national target of 50%. This study aims to determine what factors are associated with exclusive breastfeeding for adolescent mothers in the work area of the Genuk Health Center.

Method: This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were mothers of adolescence (15-21 years) who had babies aged 6-12 months. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The sample count using the Slovin formula obtained as many as 60 respondents. Data collection using google form which is distributed via WhatsApp short messages for teenage mothers and questionnaires distributed directly to teenage mothers.

Result: The analysis showed that 36.7% of respondents had exclusively breastfed. There is a relationship between class participation of pregnant women (p-value = 0.010), class participation of mothers under five (p-value = 0.002), perception (p-value = 0,000), motivation (p-value = 0,000), knowledge (p-value = 0.002), attitude (p-value = 0.000), and husband's support (p-value = 0.005) on the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding in adolescent mothers.

Conclusion: Chi square and fisher exact test results show that there is a relationship between class participation of pregnant women, class participation of mothers under five, perceptions, motivation, knowledge, attitudes, and husband's support. There is no relationship between age, education, employment status, family income, parity, pregnancy status, family support, support from health workers, and access to information.

Keywords: Adolescent Mothers, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Breastfeeding