DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.23.3.242-249

Hubungan Faktor Risiko Pajanan Organofosfat terhadap Penurunan Kadar Cholinesterase pada Kelompok Tani At-Tanwir Lembah Gumanti

Program Studi Sarjana Terapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Politeknik Aisyiyah Sumatera Barat, Jl Penjernihan 3 Gunung Pangilun, Kecamatan Padang Utara, Padang, Indonesia 25137, Indonesia

Received: 25 Apr 2024; Revised: 5 Jun 2024; Accepted: 10 Jul 2024; Available online: 1 Sep 2024; Published: 31 May 2025.
Editor(s): Suci Amalia, S.Gz., M.Gz
Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Majunya sektor pertanian di negara agraris tidak terlepas dari penggunaan pestisida untuk meningkatkan hasil pertanian. Namun ada kekhawatiran mengenai dampak buruk penanganan pestisida yang tidak aman seperti keracunan. Turunnya Cholinesterase dalam darah menjadi indikator keracunan pestisida golongan Organofosfat. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat hubungan faktor risiko pajanan organofosfat terhadap penurunan kadar Cholinesterase pada petani.
Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi dan sampel merupakan kelompok tani At-Tanwir sebanyak 30 orang menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel terdiri dari variabel bebas (faktor pajanan) dan variabel terikat (kadar Cholinesterase). Penelitian dilakukan dengan kuesioner dan pengambilan darah untuk uji laboratorium. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Uji Chi-square dengan nilai signifikansi 0.05.
Hasil: Kadar Cholinesterase tidak normal/ rendah 5 orang (16,7%), umur ≥ 40 tahun 19 orang (63,3%), tingkat pendidikan SMP 10 orang (33,3%), masa kerja ≥ 20 tahun 19 orang (63,3%), pengetahuan rendah 1 orang (3,3%), personal hygiene buruk 2 orang (6,7%), lama penyemprotan > 2 jam 15 orang (50,0%), frekuensi penyemprotan ≤ 2 minggu 24 orang (80,0%), cara penyemprotan kurang betul 5 orang (16,7%), dan penggunaan APD tidak baik 5 orang (16,7%). Berdasarkan uji chi-square, menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara masa kerja (p = 0,028), pengetahuan (p = 0,021), personal hygiene (p = 0,015), frekuensi penyemprotan (p = 0,028), penggunaan APD (p = 0,003) dengan penurunan kadar Cholinesterase.
Simpulan: Kadar Cholinesterase responden sebagian besar normal namun pajanan pestisida menimbulkan efek kronis yang artinya gejala akan nampak setelah bertahun-tahun kemudian. Perlu perhatian khusus terhadap penanganan pestisida agar tidak menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan di kemudian hari.

Kata kunci: Pestisida; kolinesterase, organofosfat; APD

 

ABSTRACT
Title: Correlation of Risk Factors for Organophosphate Exposure to Decrease in Cholinesterase Levels in the At-Tanwir Farmer Group in the Lembah Gumanti

Background: The progress of the agricultural sector in agricultural countries cannot be separated from the use of pesticides to increase agricultural yields. However, there are concerns about the negative impacts of unsafe pesticide handling, such as poisoning. A decrease in cholinesterase in the blood is an indicator of organophosphate pesticide poisoning. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between risk factors for exposure to organophosphates and reduced levels of cholinesterase in farmers.
Method: Quantitative research type with cross-sectional design. The population and sample is the At-Tanwir farmer group of 30 people using total sampling techniques. The variables consist of the independent variable (exposure factor) and the dependent variable (cholinesterase levels). The research was carried out using questionnaires and taking blood for laboratory tests. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-square test with a significance value of 0.05.
Results: Abnormal/low cholinesterase levels 5 people (16.7%), age ≥ 40 years 19 people (63.3%), junior high school education level 10 people (33.3%), working period ≥ 20 years 19 people ( 63.3%), low knowledge 1 person (3.3%), poor personal hygiene 2 people (6.7%), spraying time > 2 hours 15 people (50.0%), spraying frequency ≤ 2 weeks 24 people (80.0%), 5 people (16.7%) used the spray method incorrectly and 5 people (16.7%) used PPE incorrectly. Based on the chi-square test, it shows that there is a relationship between length of service (p = 0.028), knowledge (p = 0.021), personal hygiene (p = 0.015), frequency of spraying (p = 0.028), use of PPE (p = 0.003) with a decrease Cholinesterase levels.
Conclusion: Most of the respondents cholinesterase levels were normal, but pesticide exposure caused chronic effects, meaning symptoms would appear many years later. Special attention is needed when handling pesticides so that they do not cause health problems in the future.

Keywords: Pesticide, Cholinesterase; Organophosphate; PPE

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Keywords: Pestisida; kolinesterase, organofosfat; APD

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