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Peran Komunikasi Terapeutik dalam Program Pengendalian TB Paru di Puskesmas Selasari

Departemen Communication Sains, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kec. Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363, Indonesia

Received: 23 Dec 2024; Revised: 27 Jan 2025; Accepted: 16 Feb 2025; Published: 15 Mar 2025.
Editor(s): Suci Amalia, S.Gz., M.Gz
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Komunikasi terapeutik adalah elemen penting dalam pengobatan Tuberkulosis (TB) yang mendukung hubungan positif antara tenaga medis dan pasien. Di Puskesmas Selasari, komunikasi terapeutik memainkan peran penting dalam pengendalian TB Paru. Namun, tantangan seperti kecemasan pasien, stigma sosial, dan ketidakpatuhan terhadap pengobatan masih signifikan.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara semi-terstruktur kepada tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas Selasari. Informan dipilih secara purposive sampling berdasarkan relevansi mereka terhadap penerapan komunikasi terapeutik dalam pengobatan TB. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik.
Hasil: Komunikasi terapeutik meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien terhadap pengobatan dengan menciptakan suasana empati dan dukungan emosional. Program kunjungan rumah dan pelibatan keluarga sebagai pengawas minum obat (PMO) efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi pasien. Edukasi berbasis media visual dan interpersonal membantu mengatasi hambatan psikologis pasien seperti kecemasan dan stigma sosial. Pendekatan komunikasi terapeutik berbasis empati dan edukasi terstruktur dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien TB.
Simpulan: Dukungan emosional dari tenaga medis dan keluarga menjadi elemen kunci dalam membangun konsep diri pasien serta mengurangi kecemasan mereka. Strategi ini sejalan dengan upaya pengendalian TB nasional, mendukung pencapaian target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Kata kunci: Dukungan emosional; Kepatuhan pasien; Komunikasi terapeutik; Pengendalian TB; Tuberkulosis paru.


ABSTRACT
Title: The Role of Therapeutic Communication in the Pulmonary TB Control Program at Selasari Health Center

Background: Therapeutic communication is a crucial element in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, fostering positive relationships between medical staff and patients. At Selasari Public Health Center, therapeutic communication plays a vital role in pulmonary TB control. However, challenges such as patient anxiety, social stigma, and non-adherence to treatment remain significant.
Method: This study employed a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers at Selasari Public Health Center. Informants were selected through purposive sampling based on their relevance to the implementation of therapeutic communication in TB treatment. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Result: Therapeutic communication enhanced patient adherence to treatment by fostering empathy and emotional support. Home visit programs and family involvement as Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) supervisors effectively increased patient motivation. Education through visual media and interpersonal communication helped address psychological barriers such as patient anxiety and social stigma.
Conclusion: Empathy-based and structured educational therapeutic communication approaches improve TB patient adherence. Emotional support from healthcare providers and families is key to building patient self-concept and reducing anxiety. This strategy aligns with national TB control efforts, supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets.

Keywords: Emotional support; Patient adherence; Therapeutic communication; TB control; Pulmonary tuberculosis

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Keywords: dukungan emosional; kepatuhan pasien; komunikasi terapeutik; pengendalian TB; tuberkulosis paru

Article Metrics:

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